Semester: 10th Semester, Master Thesis Title



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3.5.Analysis Conclusion


The following will briefly outline the specific knowledge gained from the different topics from the analysis chapter. This will lead to a requirement specification for the overall completion of this project based on the recommendations and conclusions from the selected analysed articles. The following is divided into four separate categories, each representing topics that will guide the test phase, design phase and implementation phase of this project:

3.5.1.Emotions


Emotions are of a highly subjective nature, both from the interpreter and the perceiver’s point of view. Ekman found that emotions within the semantic primitives were generally universally understood; different cultures viewed and understood emotions the same way. Ekman and Keltner found that only emotions elicited by the human face abode to the rule, emotions conveyed orally or via body language did not. Keating investigated which facial features improved the attractiveness of an individual and found that common denominators existed across cultures. Certain facial features enhanced the attractiveness whereas others diminished it.

Therefore this thesis believes that emotions to a certain extent are universally understood in regards to the basic primitives. Therefore by only focusing on the human smile, which studies found signalled happiness, an average understanding of what the smile constitutes can be found with the assistance of a test group. It will be the task of the test group to determine how much a person is smiling.


3.5.2.Emotional Intelligence


The level of emotional intelligence in an individual greatly influences their perception and interaction with peers. In the studies by Kirsten Boehner she generalised emotions, specifically the smile as being universally understood as a sign of happiness. In the research of Emotional Intelligence studies has shown, that the level of EI in females where, on average, higher than their male counterparts. Therefore as a precaution the test phase of this thesis will contain a separation of gender to be able to investigate, if the eventual should occur, differences between male and female ratings. Lastly if the ratings between genders do differentiate, it will show in a higher rating of smile in the test results in the group with the suspected higher level of emotional intelligence. To note is that an individual with a high level of emotional intelligence is faster and more accurate in determining the emotional state of the individual he or she is observing. Furthermore the location in which the test will be conducted is important due to the fact, that the environment can have an effect on the emotional perception.

Therefore this thesis believes that the level of emotional intelligence in the individuals conducting the test can influence the test results. Test subjects will be divided into two groups, male and female, should the test results reveal a significant difference in their ratings. Lastly the test will take place in a location selected by the test participants; therefore a website containing the test will be created to suit this requirement. Furthermore test of Emotional Intelligence showed that the display of emotional states via pictures assisted the test subjects the most in determining the emotional state of the individual, test subjects responded most fondly to emotional display via pictures.


3.5.3.Computer Vision


The recommendations in the computer vision chapter focused on the picture databases used for both testing the algorithm as well as the test subjects. To avoid pictures with imposed emotional displays and so forth, a picture set will be found only containing randomly selected pictures. The requirement for the pictures will only be that the person in the picture will display either happiness or sadness or a gradient between the two categorisations.

3.5.4.Affective Computing


Kirsten Boehner and Maja Pantic recommended that the location in which the test will take place be carefully considered. The location can have both a positive and negative effect on the emotional state of the individual taking the test. This further substantiates the decision to create a website for the test thus allowing the test subjects to choose their own test location, hopefully eliminating an environment that would influence their test answers.

4.Test method


The following chapter will describe and outline the process the accompanying test to this thesis underwent. The chapter will include the recommendations from the analysis chapter on how to obtain the most concise results and how to conduct the specifics of the test. It will furthermore describe the choices made in deciding how the test was delivered to the test subjects and which concerns were alleviated by the chosen test method.

4.1.Test Strategy


The overall test strategy was derived from the questions proposed in the final problem statement, namely how a human understands a smile. Before a computer can be tasked with rating the level of smile a person is conveying, human trials will have to be conducted. The human test subjects will be tasked to rate the level of smile in pictures presented to them. The results obtained from the human trials will be used to guide the computer in an attempt to reach the same accuracy and understanding as the test subjects.

4.1.1.Test Phases


  1. Test Phase One

  1. Establishing a rating scale for the smile using ratings by test subjects.

  2. Testing the bare algorithm on the same set of pictures and comparing the results to 1.1.

  1. Test Phase Two

  1. A new set of pictures rated by test subjects.

  2. Testing the refined algorithm on the picture database from 2.1 and comparing ratings by the algorithm to that of the test subjects to determine the accuracy by the computer in assessing the smile.




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