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Industrial Base – Plan Reinvigorates Industrial Base
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Industrial Base – Plan Reinvigorates Industrial Base[____] [____] The new space policy relies on private development that doesn’t exist – Constellation is key to stimulate demand for space transportation vehicles. Elizabeth Newton and Michael Griffin, director for Space Policy in the Center for System Studies at the University of Alabama in Huntsville and former strategist at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, 2011 Space Policy, 7/9/2011 “United States space policy and international partnership” The president’s new policy endeavors to jump-start a private sector-led space transportation market by canceling plans for a government transportation system to deliver cargo and crew to low-Earth orbit and redirecting the funds toward procuring a yetto-be developed commercial solution which proponents purport will be more cost-efficient. This decision has its curious origins in a juncture of circumstances: first, the Office of Management and Budget’s drive to downsize the agency; second, ascendant special interests over-anxious for market conditions that do not yet exist and frustrated with a status quo manifested in a mature bureaucracy’s methodical execution. Commercial demand for cargo and crew transport to low-Earth orbit is currently non-existent, and will be so for the foreseeable future, so it is specious to characterize the government’s paying for system development to meet limited government demand as ‘market creation’. Historically, market creation has occurred when the government’s long-term needs guaranteed a predictable and relatively high-volume of purchases, or when the government served as an anchor tenant, establishing a long-term need for service, rather than serving as an ‘investor of last resort’ to underwrite the entirety of system development because private capital markets will not. Space will only truly be brought into the USA’s economic sphere when some commercially viable enterprise is invented that either serves a stable user-base in space or that uses the resources of low-Earth orbit, the lunar surface, or other destinations. It is worth noting that an international, government lunar base would have constituted one such stable market for logistics and supplies that could have spawned a commercial market. ISS utilization, in contrast, will not require a comparable magnitude or frequency of service. Industrial Base – Plan Reinvigorates Industrial Base[____] [____] US shuttles are key to the American economy because of direct employment and technological spillover from the program.Scott Spencer and Christopher C. Kraft, Staff writers for the Houston Chronicle, 8/12/2010, “Our economy needs a robust space program”, http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/editorial/outlook/7164226.html) As the end of the space shuttle program nears, where and how America next travels into space appears unclear. There are no defined missions, destinations or deadlines. With the upcoming 50th anniversary of the first U.S. manned spaceflight — Alan Shepard's Mercury Freedom 7 suborbital flight on May 5, 1961, - America's leadership in space exploration is at risk of being set adrift into an uncertain future, cluttered with program cancellations, budget cuts and conflicting directives for government and commercial spaceflight development. In addition to the need to retain the unique technical expertise of tens of thousands of workers, the future of the space program is vital to the economic future of our nation. No other government program can match the economic impact of space program spin-offs that include applications in medicine, computer technology, communications, public safety, food, power generation and transportation. Where our economy goes in the future depends on where we go in space now. MRI testing, flat screen TVs, cordless power tools and solar power are examples of the long-term economic benefits of space technology spin-offs. A robust manned space program, with well defined missions, destinations and deadlines, is essential for NASA and U.S. advancement in science, technology, engineering and medicine. Such advancements inspire continued academic achievement and employment opportunities in these areas for America's youth. In the midst of the current political debate about NASA and America's future in space, it is easily overlooked that the dangerous endeavor of traveling into space requires purpose and focus on two principles that have been essential to successful U.S. manned space flight for nearly 50 years - proficiency and redundancy. Keeping the space shuttles flying will be essential to preserve the continuity of 30,000 jobs and maintaining American technical proficiency with regular space missions. The space shuttles also provide the United States with vital space transportation redundancy Impact – Air Power[____] [____] Air power is the most effective form of power in the 21st century. It won the Cold War and is the best way to project power without casualties. Maj. Gen. Charles J. Dunlap Jr., deputy judge advocate general of the Air Force, September 2006, “America's asymmetric advantage,” So where does that leave us? If we are smart, we will have a well-equipped high-technology air power capability. Air power is America’s asymmetric advantage and is really the only military capability that can be readily applied across the spectrum of conflict, including, as is especially important these days, potential conflict. Consider the record. It was primarily air power, not land power, that kept the Soviets at bay while the U.S. won the Cold War. And it was not just the bomber force and the missileers; it was the airlifters, as well. There are few strategic victories in the annals of military history more complete and at so low a human cost as that won by American pilots during the Berlin airlift. Armageddon was avoided. And the flexibility and velocity of air power also provides good-news stories in friendly and low-threat areas. For example, huge U.S. transports dropping relief supplies or landing on dirt strips in some area of humanitarian crisis get help to people on a timeline that can make a real difference. Such operations also illustrate, under the glare of the global media, the true American character the world needs to see more often if our strategic goals are to be achieved. Air power also doesn’t have the multi-aspect vulnerabilities that boots on the ground do. It can apply combat power from afar and do so in a way that puts few of our forces at risk. True, occasionally there will be a Francis Gary Powers, and certainly the Vietnam-era POWs — mostly airmen — became pawns for enemy exploitation. Yet, if America maintains its aeronautical superiority, the enemy will not be able to kill 2,200 U.S. aviators and wound another 15,000, as the ragtag Iraqi terrorists have managed to do to our land forces. 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