ST. louis urban debate league 2012-2013 1ac 2 Inherency Extensions 14 Solvency Extensions 18 hegemony extensions 21
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- DOE is already researching how to upgrade the grid to incorporate EVs
- Smart technology will improve overall efficiency and reliability and prevent grid strain
- EVs Lead to Smart Grid/Upgrades
- EVs lead to green jobs and smart grid technology
- Electrification Roadmap will enable EVs to be fully integrated into the network
- Expansion of charging infrastructure will necessitate modernization of the electric grid
Grid AdvantageSolvency ExtensionsEV market penetration will necessitate and encourage investment in grid upgrades – but will only occur if penetration is widespreadLee and Lovellette ’11 - Jassim M. Jaidah Family Director of the Environment and Natural Resources Program within the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government, Faculty Co-Chair of the Center's Energy Technology Innovation Policy project, and a Senior Lecturer in Public Policy, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University (Henry and Grant, “Will Electric Cars Transform the U.S. Vehicle Market”, July 2011. http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Lee%20Lovellette%20Electric%20Vehicles%20DP%202011%20web.pdf)//DHirsch Recharging an EV will require an infrastructure that is readily available (including the recharging equipment and outlets), an upgraded electric distribution grid, and sufficient generation capacity to meet the additional demand. As with so many aspects of the electric car, the availability of this infrastructure depends on a number of uncertainties. How fast will electric vehicles penetrate the fleet? If slowly, then the market will not want to invest in charging equipment and wire upgrades that are subsequently stranded for many years. Will electric car sales be evenly distributed across the country, or disproportionately located in certain areas, such as the two coasts? Since the conditions of the grid and the adequacy of generating capacity depend on regional variables, one will need to look at this issue at least from a state perspective, if not from that of individual utility franchises. Finally, one has to ask, when will consumers be recharging their vehicles? There is a big difference between scenarios in which a high percentage of consumers charge their vehicles at 7:00 p.m. and ones in which a majority wait until midnight. DOE is already researching how to upgrade the grid to incorporate EVsKelly, 10 – Assistant Secretary for DOE/Ph.D Physics from Harvard (Henry, February 23, Hearing Before a Subcommittee on the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, “Opportunities and Challenges Presented in Increasing the Number of Electric Vehicles in the Light Duty Automotive Sector,” http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111shrg56643/pdf/CHRG-111shrg56643.pdf, p. 75) To evaluate and anticipate the potential impacts of electric-drive vehicles on the U.S. electric grid, DOE is partnering with electric utilities through demonstration projects as part of the Transportation Electrification projects awarded as part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act. These demonstration activities will allow the Department and the utility industry to assess the true impact on the electric grid of large numbers of electric-drive vehicles in concentrated locations. This will in turn facilitate the development of plans to incorporate intelligently managed ve- hicle charging systems into the U.S. electric grid with minimal impact. Smart technology will improve overall efficiency and reliability and prevent grid strainSPEA 11 - School of Public and Environmental Affairs at Indiana University (“Plug-in Electric Vehicles: A Practical Plan for Progress”, written by an expert panel, February 2011, http://www.indiana.edu/~spea/pubs/TEP_combined.pdf)//AL Electricity distribution occurs through an electric grid, which is an interconnected network that delivers power from suppliers to consumers. There are some noted inefficiencies with electric distribution. The current form of the grid has contributed to brownouts and blackouts, most notoriously the blackout that occurred in the Northeast from overload during a heat wave in August 2003. One solution to these issues is a “smart grid,” which incorporates advanced transmission, distribution, metering, and consumer technologies. Although the phrase “smart grid” has no universal definition, it tends to encompass two-way communication between the user of electricity and the energy provider, enhanced second-by-second monitoring of electric loads, and the capability to manage two-way electricity flows that go from the provider to the user and from the user back to the provider. The pace of penetration of smart grid technologies is uncertain, but they are being deployed around the world today and seem inevitable in the long run. The current electric infrastructure is aging and will require substantial investment in upgrades and expansions in coming decades. 56 The need for smart grid management is growing due to the increasing role of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power that depend on weather conditions and the growing number of independent power producers that own alternative energy systems that must be integrated into the grid. The smart grid, if designed and operated properly, can be expected to enhance both system efficiency and reliability. Before the concept of the smart grid, there were fears that widespread use of PEVs would strain the grid because PEV owners would drive home after work and plug their vehicles into the grid during the high-demand period from 4 p.m. to 7 p.m. on weekdays. Peak power demands determine how many new power plants must be built. Moreover, when a plant’s capacity is strained, disruptions and blackouts are more likely to occur. The deployment of smart grid technologies in coming decades may facilitate the commercialization of PEVs in several ways. Smart meters and recharging software will enable precise monitoring of electricity flows between batteries and the grid. Smart chargers can manage the power drawn by PEVs, helping to ensure battery recharging occurs outside high demand times. If utilities accompany smart grid technologies with innovative time-of-day pricing options, vehicle owners will have incentives to charge their batteries during the hours with lower demand for energy (usually overnight). Though not required for PEV commercialization, smart grid technologies could also provide the infrastructure—the distribution technologies, power conversion technologies, and consumer-utility interface systems—to help PEVs achieve higher rates of commercialization. At the least, smart grid technologies can enable the deployment of future electricity technologies that may prove useful in later stages of PEV commercialization, such as quick recharging technologies and two-way power flow. EVs Lead to Smart Grid/UpgradesSmart systems are already being developed and are critical to EVs communicating with the gridPG&E Corporation’s Prepared Statement, ’10 - (February 23, Hearing Before a Subcommittee on the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, “Opportunities and Challenges Presented in Increasing the Number of Electric Vehicles in the Light Duty Automotive Sector,” http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111shrg56643/pdf/CHRG-111shrg56643.pdf, p. 83-4) PG&E has also partnered with Smith Electric Vehicles for 12 medium duty bat- tery electric trucks in 3 configurations to support our field work, including boom, flat bed, and service trucks. In addition, with pick-up trucks being the most common vehicle in PG&E’s fleet, PG&E has partnered with General Motors to take delivery of more than 100 of their hybrid units. PG&E has also partnered with Raser Tech- nologies for six plug-in hybrid pick-up trucks. Through field tests of these vehicles, we are helping to demonstrate the increased efficiency of electric vehicles. We are also helping to understand the impact on the grid of charging electric vehicles—and the need for a robust ‘‘smart charging’’ infra- structure to enable vehicles to recharge batteries automatically when ample electric supply is available. PG&E’s current deployment of nearly 10 million smart meters, the largest roll-out in the country, provides a critical foundational technology that will help ensure as more electric vehicles are commercially introduced, PG&E can ensure they are safely and reliably integrated with the grid. To support the development of a smart charging infrastructure, PG&E is actively engaged with the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and the Society of Auto- motive Engineers to develop and revise the important codes and standards related to charging of EVs and the protocols needed to allow EVs to communicate with the grid. Beginning in Q2 of 2010, PG&E will embark on a large pilot project with EPRI to test various electrical chargers and load management systems to minimize the effects of EVs on the electrical grid while maximizing customer convenience at var- ious EV rates. This project will enable PG&E to develop critical knowledge and ex- pertise to safely and reliably begin supporting electric vehicle customers as the broad rollout of EVs begins in late 2010. In addition to the important testing and deployment work that PG&E is con- ducting in CA, the company actively supports Federal policy aimed at expediting the successful market development of electric vehicles. PG&E has long been an active member with board representation at the Electric Drive Transportation Association. EVs lead to green jobs and smart grid technologyLee and Lovellette ’11 - Jassim M. Jaidah Family Director of the Environment and Natural Resources Program within the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard's John F. Kennedy School of Government, Faculty Co-Chair of the Center's Energy Technology Innovation Policy project, and a Senior Lecturer in Public Policy, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard Kennedy School, Harvard University (Henry and Grant, “Will Electric Cars Transform the U.S. Vehicle Market”, July 2011. http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/Lee%20Lovellette%20Electric%20Vehicles%20DP%202011%20web.pdf)//DHirsch Proponents tout electric vehicles as a potential solution to many problems. To those worried about the United States’ continued reliance on imported oil, the electric car promises to reduce oil consumption and enhance U.S. energy security. To those worried about climate change, electric cars, especially in a grid powered increasingly by renewable energy, could reduce greenhouse gas emissions. To those worried about the United States’ competitive position in a world seeking green technologies, electric vehicles could stimulate jobs in industries ranging from batteries to smart grids to the vehicles themselves. Finally, to states and municipalities that are struggling to meet ever more stringent standards for conventional air emissions, such as small particles and nitrogen dioxide, electrifying the transport sector may enable their communities to meet new, tougher emissions standards. These combined interests may form a potent constituency pushing for greater electrification. After careful analysis, each of these perceptions may seem optimistic, but several trends exist that cannot be ignored. Electrification Roadmap will enable EVs to be fully integrated into the networkPG&E Corporation’s Prepared Statement, ’10 - (February 23, Hearing Before a Subcommittee on the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, “Opportunities and Challenges Presented in Increasing the Number of Electric Vehicles in the Light Duty Automotive Sector,” http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CHRG-111shrg56643/pdf/CHRG-111shrg56643.pdf, p. 83-4) In 2009, PG&E joined the Electrification Coalition which is committed to pro- moting policies that expedite the deployment of grid-enabled vehicles and infrastruc- ture on a mass scale, moving electrification beyond a niche concept into a compelling and widely available alternative to the current transportation system. In November 2009, the Electrification Coalition released its Electrification Roadmap, a sweeping report outlining a vision for the deployment of a fully integrated electric drive net- work. The Electrification Roadmap outlines critical policy recommendations, such as promoting the inclusion of electric vehicle related investments in utility rate base and adjusting utility rate structures to facilitate EV deployment, both necessary to successfully establish Electrification Ecosystems around the country and drive the economies of scale needed to sustain and grow the electric vehicle market. As global demand for oil increases from the emergence of economies such as China and India, along with our Nation’s increased dependence on foreign supplies of oil, we face an uncertain energy future. The time is now to establish bold policy commitments that will chart a different future for our Nation’s energy supply and transportation infrastructure. PG&E recognizes the strong commitment of the Con- gress to adopt Federal policies aimed at creating a market for electric transpor- tation, such as those in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act and the House passed Advanced Vehicle Technology Act of 2009. Our hope is that Congress will recognize and act to implement the bold and necessary policies outlined in the Electrification Roadmap. Expansion of charging infrastructure will necessitate modernization of the electric gridChandler, ’11 (David, January 24, “Electrifying Transportation: Devil is in the Details, ”http://web.mit.edu/mitei/news/spotlights/electrify-transport.html) One key enabling technology involves modernization of the nation’s electric grid, enabling more real-time monitoring and dynamic control down to the level of individual buildings, because patterns of usage could change significantly if the recharging of electric vehicles grows at a rapid pace. At the same time, the batteries in electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles could be used as an extra short-term backup system, storing energy from the grid when there is an excess and delivering it back when needed, in order to flatten peaks in electricity use. This could eliminate the need for construction of some new power plants, but only if changes are made to the grid infrastructure to enable such uses, said Marija Ilic, a visiting professor in the MIT Engineering Systems Division. 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