Submission of proposals

1) Acoustic Emission Testing, Vol.5, Nondestructive Testing Handbook, R. K. Miller and P. K. McIntire, Ed., American Society of Nondestructive Testing, 1987.

2) Glaser, S. D., Weiss, G., and Johnson, L. R., “Body Waves Recorded inside an Elastic Half Space by an Embedded Sensor” J. Acoustic Soc. Of America, 1998, Vol. 104, No.3, p.1404.

3) Yoyama, S., Imanaka, T. , and Ohtsu, M., “Quantitative Evaluation of Microfracture due to Debonding by Waveform Analysis of Acoustic Emission”, J. Acoustic Society of America, 1988, Vol.83, No.3, p.976.

PHASE I: Propose a methodology for life predicion of new designs based on actual fiber stress. Propose a methodology and an initial test plan (at different pressure levels with and without accelerated tests) for life extension of in service vessels. Estimate sample size requirements and expected lifetimes. Perform tests at a few load levels. Address the problem of the possibility of existing damages in some samples. Make preliminary recommendations for life prediction/extension standards of glass reinforced pressure vessels and demonstrate the feasibility of the approach.

1) Robinson, E. Y., and Chiao, T. T., “Analysis of Stress Rupture Data from S-Glass Composites”, Proc. 27th Annual Conf. Of Reinforced Plastics/Composites Institute, Soc. Plastics Industry, 1972.

2) Chiao, T. T., et al., “Stress Rupture of Simple S-Glass Composites”, J. Comp. Materials, V.6, July 1972, p.358.

3) Gerstle, F. P., Jr., and Kunz, S. C., “Prediction of Long-Term Failure in Kevlar 49 Composites”, in Long-Term Behavior of Compsites, ASTM STP 813, T. K. O’brien, Ed., American Society for Testing of Materials, Philadelphia, 1983, p.263.

4) Chiao, C. C., et al., “Experimental Verification of an Accelerated Test for Predicting the Lifetime of Organic Fiber Composites”, Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, Report UCRL-78496, 1976.
KEYWORDS: Stress Rupture, Static Fatigue, Composite, Fiber, Pressure Vessel


A02-163 TITLE: Controls Based Missile Engagement Network
TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Information Systems
ACQUISITION PROGRAM: PM, Common Missile
OBJECTIVE: Investigate utility of Input-Output Feedback Control as a tool for missile engagement network synthesis in a military sensor-shooter link problem to determine minimum bandwidth and maximum latency requirements that can be tolerated to achieve mission effectiveness.
DESCRIPTION: By 2008, the initial Objective Force will be fielded, depending on near-perfect situation awareness for lethality and survivability. Part of the Objective Force may be Netfires, a network of remotely fired missiles in communication among themselves and with other elements of the force. The bandwidth and latency requirements are extremely stressful. To capitalize on the ability of modeling and control system tools to determine minimum information requirements for the effective system control, it is proposed to represent an arbitrary engagement network as an

interconnection of subsystems with feedback control paths incorporating appropriate lags and nonlinear elements as required. The objective is to build a system model that can determine minimum bandwidth and latency requirements to enable the engagement network to meet its effectiveness requirements. This system model would be easily extendable to include all significant elements on the battlefield. Information requirements would include identification of the minimal amount and kind of information each subsystem requires to perform effectively. Feedback control requirements would include the ability of the operator to evaluate, in real-time, an appropriate measure of network effectiveness.

1) Dorf, Richard C., and R. H. Bishop, Modern Control Systems, 7th. Ed., Addison-Wesley Pub. Co., Reading, Mass.,1995.

2) Baggeroer, A. B., State-Variables and Communication Theory, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1970.

3) Vemuri, V., Modeling of Complex Systems: An Introduction, Academic Press, New York, 1978.

4) Saaty, T. I., Mathematical Models of Arms Control and Disarmament, John Wiley Pub. Co., New York, 1968.
KEYWORDS: missile engagement network, bandwidth, data latency


A02-164 TITLE: Non-Invasive Measurement of Vital Organ Venous and Arterial Oxygen Saturation
TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Biomedical
ACQUISITION PROGRAM: DSA, MRMC
OBJECTIVE: Create a device that can measure absolute organ, venous and arterial oxygen levels.
DESCRIPTION: Hemorrhage is the primary cause of death on the battlefield, and the resuscitation of hemorrhaging casualties on the battlefield environment requires balancing time, fluids, and manpower resources. A pressing requirement exists for a non-invasive device that can measure vital organ arterial and venous blood oxygen saturation to assess whether, and when, oxygen delivery and uptake is adequate. Non-invasive measures of vital signs (pulse, respiration and blood pressure) reflect physiological compensatory mechanisms that are unreliable indicators of blood loss and whether vital organs are adequately oxygenated. Distinct measures of organ arterial and venous blood oxygen saturation, on the other hand, provide almost real-time information on perfusion that can drive resuscitation procedures to maintain adequate organ oxygenation with minimal resource consumption. Of particular interest, are measures of the widening or narrowing of the arterial-venous blood saturation difference and the absolute level of venous blood saturation. Data from such a device can readily be ported to computerized decision-assist systems to aid in resuscitation of casualties by first responders. This device is different from a pulse oximeter, in which measures are taken only of arterial oxygen saturation, and the device is generally not applied to specific organ arterial and venous blood vessels.
PHASE I: Design a device that can measure absolute organ arterial and venous oxygen saturation noninvasively.
PHASE II: Build a prototype device and test it in an appropriate animal model. Show that it tracks with a central venous catheter and can measure the arterial and venous oxygen saturations not only relatively but also make absolute measurements.
PHASE III DUAL-USE APPLICATION: Upon completion of clinical trials to secure FDA licensure, the device will prove useful in a variety of diagnostic situations dealing with severe trauma and should find a large market replacing the invasive and moderately dangerous catheters now in common usage.
REFERENCES:

1) Kincaid E H, Meredith J W, Chang M C. Determining optimal cardiac preload during resuscitation using measurements of ventricular compliance. J Trauma. 2001 Apr; 50(4): 665-9.

2) Denninghoff K R, Smith M H, Chipman R A, Hillman L W, Jester P M, Hughes C E, Kuhn F, Rue L W. Retinal large vessel oxygen saturations correlate with early blood loss and hypoxia in anesthetized swine. J Trauma. 1997 Jul; 43(1): 29-34.

3) Simes D. Complications of resuscitation: mediastinal blood transfusion. Br J Hosp Med. 1997 Feb 19-Mar 4;57(4):169.

4) Chang M C, Meredith J W, Kincaid E H, Miller P R. Maintaining survivors' values of left ventricular power output during shock resuscitation: a prospective pilot study. J Trauma. 2000 Jul; 49(1): 26-33; discussion 34-7.
KEYWORDS: blood oxygenation, central venous catheter, noninvasive, cranial perfusion


A02-165 TITLE: Central Nervous System Cellular Infusion Device
TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Biomedical
ACQUISITION PROGRAM: DSA, MRMC
OBJECTIVE: The objective is development and testing of an infusion device for targeted and controlled delivery of cells and drugs to the central nervous system.
DESCRIPTION: Research shows that several neurological conditions can be cured or mitigated by precision placement of cellular grafts or drugs within the central nervous system. The primary limitation to the use such therapys is the high level of expertise required to precisely and consistently place cells within functional systems of the central nervous system. Recent advances in neurology, medical technology, and medical algorithms suggest that a simple device can be constructed, by innovative adaptation and further development of existing technologies, that will permit therapeutic, surgically placed intracerebral delivery of graft cells or compounds to precise locations in a consistent manner. This would permit the future success of newly developed cell implantation therapies and precise drug disposition for a large number of neurological diseases (including Parkinson's disease) and for repair of other damage to the central nervous system.
PHASE I: Determine the design characteristics of a device for the targeted and controlled delivery of cells within the central nervous system. Cell based therapeutics will require precise cell dosing for optimal therapeutic effects and safety in their growth. In Phase I, the following aspects of a suitable device will be characterized:
o Flow characteristics - the device needs adequate flow characteristics for small (microliter) volumes used to precisely deliver a number of cells to a defined brain or spinal cord region.

o Feasibility of adapting the device to stereotactic systems currently used in surgical theaters for cell implantation (CT planar-in-the-field and CT-MRI-guided).

o Development of mini-pumps and digital cell counting systems for use with device: A minipump and digital cell counting system will be developed that is quantitatively accurate in delivering the desired number of cells under highly controlled and pressurized flows in the inner cannulae or tubes of free or stereotactically placed guide cannulae.

Proof of concept for this research will be accomplished through a determination of the characteristics of a completed device and demonstration that flow characteristics, adaptation to existing stereotactic surgical equipment, mini-pump development, and automated cell counting systems can be combined in a working, if rough prototype device.

1) Isacson, O., van Horne, C., Schumacher, J. M., Brownell, A. L. (2000) Improved surgical cell therapy in Parkinson’s disease: physiological basis and new transplantation methodology. In: Parkinson’s Disease, Advances in Neurology, D. Calne, ed. Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 86, 447-454.

2) A. L. Brownell, Y. I. Chen, E. Livni, F. Cicchetti, O. Isacson. Complementary PET studies of striatal dopaminergic system and cerebral metabolism in a primate model of Parkinson’s disease. Soc. Neurosci. 2000.

3) Isacson, O. (2000) Making regeneration and cell therapy possible for neurological disease.

Neuroscience News 3, 4-5.

4) Björklund, L., Herlihy, D., Isacson, O. (2000) Cell and synaptic replacement therapy for Parkinson’s disease: current tatus and future directions. Neuroscience News 3, 6-12.

1) Karnasuta C., Pavanand K., Chantakulkij S.; et al. 1995. Complete development of the liver stage of Plasmodium falciparum in a human hepatoma cell line. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 53(6): 607-11.

2) Sinnis P. 1998. An immunoradiometric assay for the quantification of Plasmodium sporozoites invasion of HepG2 cells. J Immunol. Methods. 221:17-23.

3) Mazier D., Landau I., Druihe P., et al. 1984. Cultivation of the liver forms of Plasmodium vivax in human hepatocytes. Nature 307:367-69.

4) Smith J., Meis J., Verhave J., and Moshage H. 1984. In vitro culture of exoerythrocytic form of Plasmodium falciparum in adult human hepatocytes. Lancet. Sept 29: 757-58.

5) Hollingdale M., Nardin E., Tharavanij S., et al. 1984. Inhibition of Entry of Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax sporozoites into cultured cells; an in vitro assay of protective antibodies. J. Immonol. 132 (2): 909-13.