Submission of proposals
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A02-009 TITLE: Non-Conventional Munitions TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Weapons ACQUISITION PROGRAM: PM Small Arms OBJECTIVE: Design and build a replacement for the traditional Flash-Bang grenade capable of multiple “flash-bang” events that repeat on a predetermined time scale without the use of explosives or pyrotechnics. This time scale can be set at manufacture, or preferably, selectable by the user. The final product must incorporate both the “flash” and the “bang,” although the method used to create these events is up to the designer. The target not only consists of personnel targets, but the electronic equipment they use as well. DESCRIPTION: Current “Flash-Bang” technology is outdated and has its disadvantages. Those disadvantages are the presence of flame and the creation of smoke. These factors reduce the effectiveness of the system. The smoke creates an obscurant situation that can impair the rapid infiltration of the soldier into the room, and the possibility of fire can ultimately consume the room with flame, possibly harming non-combatants or the soldier himself. These issues need to be addressed in an alternative to the explosive device currently being utilized. Advances in acoustics, light generation, and other directed energy sources allow for the elimination of pyrotechnics and explosives in non-lethal grenade applications. A device that creates a startle effect can provide the soldier with a few seconds to gain entry to an area without opposition from the momentarily incapacitated foe. Directed energy technology also opens the door to a preemptive strike grenade that has similar effects on electronic devices present as well. A desire for a multi-event device has also been shown from the user community. A series of events happening in rapid succession over the course of 2 to 5 seconds can increase the overall effectiveness of the system. PHASE I: Develop a theoretical design for the replacement device. Provide a trade-off study of candidate technologies that will lead to a down select for the required “flash” and “bang” as well as the anti-materiel effects. Provide mathematical model for the function of the device, including, but not limited to the intensity of the flash effect, the sound pressure level of the bang, and the range of electronic disruption. Also, develop the technology and show models for the methodology used to create the multiple events. PHASE II: Develop and demonstrate a prototype system in a realistic environment. Provide a sample to undergo testing at ARDEC for comparison to traditional “flash bang” system. PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATIONS: Possibility exists of incorporating technologies that could be intrinsically non-lethal, and could be used in the civilian realm as well as the military. Law enforcement, the Department of Corrections, and the US Military could all benefit from a “Flash Bang” like device that eliminates the risk of fire and degradation of “friendly” vision due to smoke. The same technology could transition to Area Denial type applications. REFERENCES: 1) http://www.dtic.mil/ndia/nld4/fenton.pdf KEYWORDS: Directed Energy, acoustics, strobe, light, lasers, area denial. A02-010 TITLE: Novel High Intensity Green or Blue Strobe Effect TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Weapons ACQUISITION PROGRAM: PM Small Arms OBJECTIVE: Design and build a novel, high intensity green or blue strobe for non-lethal effects. DESCRIPTION: In an effort to maximize the “stun” effect of a bright light, conventional or laser, research has indicated that the human eye is most sensitive to green or blue light. In order to capitalize on this, a high intensity green or blue strobe needs to be developed for insertion into other systems. It should require relatively low power (in the area of a 9-volt battery) to operate for a duration not less than 30 seconds. The frequency of the strobe can be random, preprogrammed, or selectable by the user. PHASE I: Develop a theoretical design for a high intensity blue or green strobe. Show an analysis of intensity vs. power requirements. Show models that predict the strobe frequency and intensity at various ranges. PHASE II: Construct and demonstrate a prototype device in a relevant environment. Optimize system for size, power consumption and output as required by current ARDEC needs. Deliver a final prototype for Government testing. PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATIONS: This technology could replace current “Dazzler” type lasers in the field. They have a host of applications ranging from the Military to civilian police forces and the Department of Corrections. They are beneficial anytime a momentary stun effect is desired to provide a tactical advantage in a non-lethal situation. REFERENCES: 1) http://www.cs.brown.edu/exploratory/ColorWeb/2_spectrum_light_into_eye.html KEYWORDS: Directed Energy, acoustics, strobe, light, lasers, area denial. A02-011 TITLE: Small Scale Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) Platform TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Weapons ACQUISITION PROGRAM: PM Mines, Countermines, Demolitions (PM MCD) OBJECTIVE: To develop a remotely operated robotic platform that can be transformed from an airborne configuration to a ground configuration for delivering a lethal payload into target areas such as a small cave, into a building, or on top of a structure, or simply to be near a high-value enemy asset. The airborne platform will require the development and integration of a control, navigation and communication system that will allow for a semi-autonomous operation of the platform beyond visual range to deliver the lethal payload. DESCRIPTION: Military and special operations under very rugged terrain conditions or in a complex urban environment can be greatly enhanced with a transformable unmanned airborne vehicle (UAV) that can be converted into an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) for penetrating into a small cave or building entrance to provide surveillance and to deliver a special lethal payload. It is also conceivable to be able to convert one UAV into multiple UGV’s to provide multi-tasking (visual data, acoustic data, laser target designation) and multi-target defeat capability. Present UGVs have demonstrated many potential capabilities and come in many various forms and sizes. Some designs have even demonstrated limited wall climbing capability. Similarly, UAV designs are found in various forms and sizes with different payload capacities. UAV and UGV technology have been advancing so rapidly in the commercial sector that with suitable modifications, these designs can be utilized for military and special operations. A limited development effort is required for the transformation of the commercial UAV’s and UGV’s into a low-cost, portable, military rugged, small package, and light weight design usable by the soldier for specific missions. These transformable UAV and UGV packages must be kept at a weight and size configuration to allow them to be transportable by one man. The total system weight should be kept under 50 lbs. (i.e. platform, fuel, payload, etc.) and the packaged system must be easily transported by one man while on-foot or in a transport vehicle (i.e. truck, Humvee, etc.) One operational scenario is to develop a command & control link capability for the UAV & UGV platform to quickly fly semi-autonomously to a location (i.e. 10 km or beyond) and then have an operator, at the new location, take control of it for final command and operation. The transformable UAV and UGV platform must have the capability to carry video surveillance, electronic sensors, lethal and non-lethal payloads. Semi-autonomous/autonomous operation is also possible to provide search, protect and destroy missions. This topic calls for investigation of a wide range of technology areas for potential application in the development of specialized UAV and UGV systems. Technologies (i.e. video imaging, acoustic sensors, secured digital control/communications, etc.) have to be researched and developed taking advantage of existing electronics technology capability for potential application on the specialized UAV/UGV transformable system concepts. The investigation will commence by researching individual electronics command/control and flight control components technologies suitable for low cost UAV/UGV platforms. The components will be developed and tested to determine their limitation and feasibility for use in developing the UAV/UGV system. It is anticipated that several candidate designs of the transformable UAV/UGV concepts will be developed, and demonstration of a full-up UAV system for semi-autonomous operation will be conducted. The UAV system design will incorporate features and technology that will facilitate further enhancement to a level of autonomous operation. One or several UAV-UGV transformable platforms will be investigated with at least one chosen configuration to be designed, fabricated, and tested to demonstrate its ability to deliver a lethal payload into a target such as a cave or building. All necessary navigation, command/control and sensor packages will be included to allow for beyond visual range semi-autonomous flight operation, remote controlled operation of the platforms, and the ability to provide real-time data recording for follow-on analysis. A lethal payload delivery demonstration will also be conducted against a selected target PHASE I: Design a low cost dispensable UAV/UGV system/platform that uses state-of-the-art technologies to deliver payloads semi-autonomously. Investigate a wide range of innovative technologies for weight reduction, target acquisition, commmand and control, propulsion, etc., for components required for this feasibility concept. PHASE II: Develop a prototype UAV/UGV system for semi-autonomous operation from an optimized feasibility concept. PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATIONS: The UAV-UGV technology can be used in a variety of law enforcement applications such as surveillance, delivery of special sensors for the detection of chemical/biological hazards under special terrain and operational conditions. Use of UAV's for law enforcement, border patrol, entertainment industry as well as military applications is well established. The availability of a low cost control, navigation, and communication system for small-scale UAV’s would facilitate the widespread deployment of low cost air platforms, and to allow new applications to be generated. Phase III will provide advanced engineering and product development toward a low-cost production design and commercialization. REFERENCES: 1) E. Krotkov and J. Blitch, "The Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) tactical mobile robotics program," International Journal of Robotics Research 18(7), pp. 769-776, 1999 2) R. Murphy, "Marsupial Robotics for Law Enforcement," Proceedings of SPIE, Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security, Vol. 4232, pp. 428-432, 5-8 November 2000, Boston, USA. 3) William Devine, "Low Cost Microsensors for Surveillance and Monitoring," Proceedings of SPIE, Enabling Technologies for Law Enforcement and Security, Vol. 4232, pp. 305-312, 5-8 November 2000, Boston, USA. 4) P.R. Chandler etc., "Research issues in autonomous control of tactical UAVs," Proceedings of the American Control Conference, Volume 1, pp. 384-398, 1998. 5) W-L Guan and et al., "Development of low-cost differential Global Positioning System for remotely piloted vehicles," Journal of Aircraft, Volume 36, July/August 1999, pp. 617-625 6) D. Withs, "Simple loitering flight path for high altitude uncrewed aerial vehicles," Journal of Aircraft Volume 38 No. 2, Mar/Apr 2001, pp. 388-389. KEYWORDS: Lethal Payload, Sensors, Small-Scale UAV, Small –Scale UGV, Autonomous A02-012 TITLE: Advanced Smart Munitions Transceiver TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Sensors ACQUISITION PROGRAM: PM Mines, Countermines, Demolitions (PM MCD) OBJECTIVE: Design and build a 140 GHz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) prototype transceiver that could be used as a radar front end in advanced smart munitions sensors/seekers. DESCRIPTION: Smart munition cannon-fired millimeter-wave (MMW) radar sensors and seekers are usually designed to operate in the 35 and 94 GHz atmospheric windows. These frequencies have offered a compromise between antenna beamwidth and sidelobe levels and other factors such as clear weather atmospheric attenuation, bandwidth, weather attenuation, obscurant performance, range, cost, available MMW component size, and MMW component performance. There has always been some need to achieve smaller beamwidths by using higher MMW frequencies; however, the-state-of-the-art of MMW technology (performance, cost, and availability) and the decreased radar range performance (due to increased clear and adverse weather attenuation) precluded going to these higher frequencies. The steady advance of MMW science and technology prescribes that the time may now be ripe for the jump to 140 GHz (the next atmospheric window) sensors and seekers. Although the increased atmospheric attenuation at 140 GHz is very real, there are some applications which don’t require long range capabilities (such as area denial, WAM-type systems); in addition, strong atmospheric attenuation may be desirable, in some applications, to preclude enemy detection of the radar signal. The current SBIR effort would use the existing MMW science and technology base to design and develop a generic 140 GHz FMCW transceiver prototype. The design objectives for this transceiver are: it will be packaged into a volume of less than 50 cubic centimeters (not including antenna), have a tuning range of at least 2 GHz centered at 140 GHz, have a linearity better than 3%, have a power output greater than 10 milliwatts, and have a radio frequency (RF) to IF gain greater than 10 dB at 140 GHz. The transceiver would not include required power supplies or variable voltage sources; these would be external to the transceiver envisioned in this SBIR. PHASE I: Design a 140 GHz FMCW transceiver. Specify all components and their performance parameters. PHASE II: Develop and fabricate a prototype of the transceiver designed in Phase I. Demonstrate (through laboratory measurements) that all design objectives have been met. PHASE III DUAL-USE APPLICATIONS: This transceiver would have wide utility in civilian applications such as: communication systems, collision avoidance radars for automotive vehicles, intrusion detectors, high frequency police radars, fluid height measuring systems, etc. REFERENCES: 1) C. K. Yong, R. Sloan, and L. E. Davis, “A Ka-band indium-antimonide junction circulator,” IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. 49, Issue 6, Part I, pp. 1101-1106, June 2001. 2) C. Pobanz, M. Matloubian, V. Radisic, G. Raghavan, M. Case, M. Micovic, M. Hu, C. Nguyen, S. Weinreb, and L. Samoska, “High performance MMICs with submillimeter wave InP-based HEMTs, ”Proceedings of the 2000 International Conference on Indium Phosphide and Related Materials, pp. 67-70. 3) C. W. Pobanz, M. Matloubian, M. Lui, H.-C. Sun, M. Case, C. M. Ngo, P. Janke, T. Gaier, and L. Samoska, “A high-gain monolithic D-band InP HEMT amplifier,” IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, Vol. 34, Issue 9, pp. 1219-1224, Sept. 1999. 4) S. Weinreb, T. Gaier, M. Barsky, Y. C. Leong, and L. Samoska, “High-gain 150-215 GHz MMIC amplifier with integral waveguide transitions,” IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, Vol. 9, Issue 17, pp. 282-284, July 1999. 5) J. Weinzierl, Ch. Fluhrer, and H. Brand, “Dielectric waveguides at submillimeter wavelengths,” 1998 Terahertz Electronics Proceedings, 1998 Sixth International Conference on Terahertz Electronics, pp. 166-169. 6) M. Wollitzer, J. Buechler, and J.-F. Luy, “High efficiency planar oscillator with RF power of 100 mW near 140 GHz,” 1997 Microwave Symposium Digest, Vol. 3, IEEE MTT-S 1997 International Microwave Symposium, pp. 1205-1208. 7) S. Weinreb, P. C. Chao, and W. Copp, “Full-waveguide band, 90 to 140 GHZ, MMIC amplifier module,” 1997 Microwave Symposium Digest, Vol. 3, IEEE MTT-S 1997 International Microwave Symposium, pp. 1279-1280. 8) R. Judaschke and E. Sckunemann, “Design and optimization of millimeter-wave IMPATT oscillators,” 1996 Microwave Symposium Digest, Vol. 2, IEEE MTT-S 1996 International Microwave Symposium, pp. 939-942. 9) M. Wollitzer, J. Buechler, F. Schaffler, and J.-F. Luy, “D-band Si-IMPATT diodes with 300 mW output power at 140 GHz,” Electronics Letters, Vol. 32, Issue 2, pp. 122-123, 18 Jan. 1996. 10) H. Wang, R. Lai, D. C. W. Lo, D. C. Streit, P. H. Liu, R. M. Dia, M. W. Pospieszalski, and J. Berenz, “A 140-GHz monolithic low noise amplifier,” IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 5, pp. 150-152, May 1995. 11) R. Judaschke and E. Sckunemann, “140 GHz GaAs double-Read IMPATT diodes,” Electronics Letters, Vol. 31, Issue 7, pp. 582-583, 30 March 1995. KEYWORDS: Sensors, seekers, radar, smart munitions, millimeter waves. A02-013 TITLE: Global Positioning System (GPS) In-Theater Reconstitution TECHNOLOGY AREAS: Sensors ACQUISITION PROGRAM: PEO-Ground Combat and Support Systems OBJECTIVE: Develop innovative, affordable replacements for the Global Positioning System (GPS) that a commander can deploy swiftly within a Theater's Area of Operations. DESCRIPTION: The destruction or degradation of the Global Positioning System (GPS) constellation (for example, by counter-orbiting debris deployments or ground-based missile or laser attack) or its five associated worldwide ground stations (perhaps in terrorist attacks), would represent a catastrophic loss of capability to our armed forces, especially in the midst of a theater conflict. While it may not be possible to replicate the best accuracy of the fully functional GPS system in such a circumstance, it may be possible to restore GPS-like capability to a theater's area of operations, allowing reasonable navigation over terrain and situational awareness using existing GPS receivers. The contractor would investigate the feasibility of providing accuracies sufficient for navigation and various types of weapons targeting. This system would support vehicles and infantry with GPS receivers, but without inertial navigation equipment. It could also augment or calibrate ground vehicle inertial systems. Offerors would generate a concept design, system architecture and deployment/operations concept. The offeror would demonstrate the system through simulation. The replacement system should appear as newly acquired "satellites" from the receiver's perspective subsequent to the loss or degradation of the Global Positioning Systems (GPS). The substitute system must be reasonably accurate, and as precise as the Global Positioning System (GPS) in normal operations. The replacement system should provide the same precision and accuracy relative to at least one agreed-upon reference point within a Theater's Area of Operations. PHASE I: Research should focus on parametric concept design and development of a simulation of in-theater GPS Reconstitution assets including deployment mechanisms (such as howitzers), flight bodies (for example, a modified ground-launched, loitering round such as QuickLook), and ground stations. The simulation should incorporate parametric trade-studies of the error budgets of individual components on the overall system. The size of candidate ground-based and air-borne assets should be estimated and possible issues with feasibility and development identified. PHASE II: On determining one or more likely concepts, develop detailed designs of prototype reconstitution elements and refined models in simulation, and build hardware sufficient to conduct a hardware-in-the-loop demonstration of the operation of the replacement system. Conduct testing and analysis to calibrate its performance against the GPS and refine the concept. Phase II deliverables should include a static prototype(s) of the airborne GPS reconstitution element built to target weight and geometry of a contemplated fielded configuration and a prototype of the ground control system, sufficient for a demonstration of feasibility. The contractor is anticipated to use innovative testing techniques to circumvent the high cost of building flying prototypes or attaching prototypes to aircraft for captive flight test. The final demonstration should consist of a feasibility demonstration sufficiently convincing so as to allow serious consideration of the concept as a new start program given demonstration success. PHASE III DUAL USE APPLICATIONS: Continuous GPS availability is vital for both navigation and targeting in modern military operations. There are also important commercial applications. A swiftly deployed, ground-launched GPS Reconstitution system could benefit precise navigation both in the air and on coastal waterways. Commercial vessels depend increasingly on GPS. Without a replacement capability, a sudden, unexpected loss of GPS capability might result in substantial loss of life and property in certain critical circumstances. OPERATING AND SUPPORT COST REDUCTION (OSCR): Existing concepts for GPS Reconstitution address electronic counter-measures to GPS jamming, but assume that the GPS system is still globally available. However, even in the face of local jamming, a GPS Reconstitution capability that can operate in a local theater without requiring crewed aircraft and sophisticated counter-measures would reduce operation and support costs REFERENCES: 1) J. Walsh, W. Davis, TACOM-ARDEC publication, “The QuickLook Munition in the OneSAF Testbed Baseline MMBLVersion,” projected date Dec. 2001. 2) Federation of American Scientists website: http://www.fas.org/irp/program/collect/uav99/21Sep-l_Loitering_BDA_Munitions_Brief/sld001.htm 3) )The Aerospace Corporation website: http://www.aero.org/publications/GPSPRIMER/
1) Scientific American, The Science of the Silver Bullet, 5 March 2001. KEYWORDS: Tungsten, penetrators, ductility, kinetic energy
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