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| prevention” programs for children in the vulnerable group were to include: microcredit and livelihoods programs for families; linking economic opportunities to requirements that children stay in school; hands-on parenting skills workshops; psychosocial interventions that strengthen children’s ability to cope with stress and deprivation; informal education programs that promote child development and improve children’s grades; continued partnerships with local Departments of Health to increase children’s access to health services; and advocacy efforts to secure birth certificates and identify cards for children to stay in school, access government services, and later seek employment.
A “positive pathways” off the street for older, high risk adolescents was to support programs that included: support for children to start small businesses; facilitation of private sector apprenticeships; support for children to take school equivalency tests and receive a diploma; informal education to build character; psychosocial interventions; behavior change interventions, utilizing methods such as positive deviance; supporting reconciliation with parents; and advocacy for identity cards needed to secure employment. Finally, the program was designed to have a strong advocacy component, at both the national and municipal levels. While programs to help vulnerable children and youth cannot achieve sweeping results in a five-year timeframe, the Urban Street Children Empowerment and Support program has changed the landscape of street children programming in ways that have set the stage for effective, sustained government and NGO programming. NGOs are stronger and have clearer goals and strategies. Advocacy, at least at a municipal level, has produced concrete results. Programs overall are both broader and deeper. In the past five years, Indonesia has witnessed a paradigm shift, away from providing direct services for street children, towards an approach grounded in strengthening community capacity to protect and care for children and youth. Access to health care has improved dramatically, and all NGOs are more aware of at-risk girls. The program has provided numerous forums for NGOs and government to exchange ideas and learn from one another, and to scale up and replicate the best strategies. VI c) National Movement for Street Children, Brazil - Concern for street children plus an apparent increase in the number of children working and living on the streets in Brazil in the 1980s led to the creation of numerous organizations and efforts to assist them. Among these is the National Movement of Street Children (Movimento Nacional de Meninos e Meninas de Rua), a national umbrella, advocacy and training organization comprised of individuals, NGOs, governmental agencies working on behalf of street children, and children and youth themselves. The National Movement for Street Children in Brazil, and numerous other organizations, developed training programs for street educators, and in collaboration with universities in Brazil, have sought to create a loosely defined profession of the street educator. This effort to create a profession is important in that it represents the first time that a profession has been created and identified in Brazil specifically to work with low income children and youth. Of course, teachers, psychologists, and social workers, among other professions, in Brazil also work with children and youth, but the effort to create and define a field of work based on street education and street outreach is the first attempt to create a ‘youth worker’ field in Brazil. It is also important to note that street educators have had an important voice in structuring programs and policies on behalf of street children. Street children in Brazil have also benefited from an impressive body of literature on the situation of needs of these children and youth. Situation analyses and other studies have provided understanding of various facets of the lives of children who both live and/or work on the streets in Brazil. Some of this research on the life courses of children living and/or working on the streets has also begun to provide important ideas on how to prevent other youth from ending up the same situation. This kind of research offers important insights on what could be done to prevent more children from ending up on the street by offering services such as family support, employment possibilities, or family counseling. These programs and the movement for street youth in Brazil as a whole have been extremely important for the relatively small number of children and youth they have reached. Unfortunately, many of the most impressive programs for street youth - and other categories of ‘at-risk’ children and youth - in Brazil are, as Myers (1991) called them, ‘jewel boxes’, important for the small number of children and youth who benefit from them, but whose wider impact on well-being of low income children and youth in a given community are minimal. VII. Consultation Reports In order to receive comments from various stakeholders working in area of street children, 2 consultative workshops were undertaken. This section provides detailed reports of these workshops and recommendations given by various participants. i) Report of the Consultative Meeting for “Special Health Policy for Street Children- Around 30 participants which included participants from around 8 NGOs working with Street Children, faculty of PSM Dept, KEM Hospital and JJ Hospital, Public Health Professionals and Post-Graduate Student of PSM Dept, KEM Hospital. Introductory Sessions Mr KT Suresh, Executive Director, YUVA welcomed the participants and gave insights regarding the background and the work done by YUVA. He spoke about YUVA working on the human rights framework since the last 23 years for the upliftment of vulnerable communities in Mumbai. This was followed by a presentation by Dr RR Shinde, Head PSN Dept, KEM. In his presentation, he highlighted his views on who are the street children, salient features of street children, recommendations and interventional issues. This was followed by a presentation by Ms Arokia Mary, Coordinator-Child Rights, YUVA, Mumbai where she stressed about the linkages of human rights and availability of health services to street children. Mr Denny John, Faculty, Institute of Public Health, Bangalore, presented the research process currently underway in formulating the policy. Mr Santosh Damale, opened the floor requesting for comments, opinions and stressed on making the process interactive as possible. Issues raised Mr Shwetank from SAATHI, was of the opinion that “Should such meetings address a policy when the main issues affecting the street children is as basis such as difficulty in accessing and negative attitudes in public hospitals. Few members in the audience mentioned that whether a policy can change attitudes is questionable. It should be also borne in mind that the real cause-affecting children also need to be addressed. The issues concerned are intimidation to approach the authorities in the hospital, and the attitudinal behaviors of hospital staff. The need of the hour therefore is to address this issue. Dr Shinde was of the opinion that this issue is not a medical issue but an issue of human values. According to him, the solution is neither with the doctor nor the hospital, but an issue of human personality, He stated that every doctor should receive training on attitudes but this does not happen in the current medical education system. He suggested that at the same time the NGOs should focus on the self-confidence of the street child. A member from the audience mentioned that efforts are underway by KEM Hospital in training doctors to understand psychological state of the patients and also improve their communication skills.Another suggestion that was given by the Ms Deepti, Coordinator, Railway Children, was to develop a model keeping the policy in mind. She asked to look at the accessibility of the street children from the NGOS as well as the hospital point of view. She also shared an experience that is; there was a group of boys who were termed “Beyond Repair” and once they started interacting with them they realized that they were really smart, confident children but in spite of this they found it difficult to get access to the doctors of the hospitals. Group Presentations Presentation by group I Why is “Street Children” a special Group? Lack of family support Social deprivation Marginalized Lack of opportunities What are the specific health problems faced by them? Malnutrition Communicable diseases Dental caries Skin problems Respiratory infections Worm infestations RecommendationsAt the hospital settingReorientation of the medical staff, make them aware of free medical care Child friendly hospital At the Community level Outreach activities for T/t of common illnesses Preventative aspects: IEC activities by peripheral health institutes Identification of private practitioners who can provide services to the street children Provision of health identity cards by peripheral health institutes Strengthening of peripheral health institutes and proper referral system to decrease burden on the tertiary care hospital The help of NSS students of Nursing colleges can be taken for after care of seriously ill children Establishment of short term care center for after care can be set up for which there will be a need to identify a place in that area, it could be an anganwadi The post of child medical officer should be created to look after the health care of these children, preferably there should be a police at the casualty counter who should guide these children There should be a street children register in the hospital Presentation by group II Problems faced by the street childrenAccessibility/ Information Affordability Treatment/ Attitude Non child friendly No Support person or guide Problems faced by the hospitalMore patients less man power (doctors) Legal responsibility Need an adult for consent and explaining prescriptions The doctors do not have control over class III and class IV workers RecommendationsContact points: A MSW or two NGO representative should be in the hospital to guide the child and make sure he/she gets the treatment An identity card should be given to the street children so that their benefit is not taken advantage of Basic education should be given to them Medical vans, health camp and screening should be provided Group education with the help of NGOs should provide IEC Proper research should be done with regards to the problem needs assessment Legal provision: change administration criteria Provision of Counseling centers in public hospitals Presentation by the III groupProblems faced by the childrenThe street children are usually dirty when they go to the hospital hence they are neglected Sexual abuse, sexual related behavioral problem, drug addiction, and health problems No psychosocial support during medical treatment After care and proper FU is not often available Financial problems No proper guidance in the hospital Doctors are not available in peripheral dispensaries, no proper medical care Directory: wp-content -> uploads -> 2017 2017 -> Leadership ohio 2017 -> Ascension Lutheran Church Counter’s Schedule January to December 2017 2017 -> Board of directors juanita Gibbons-Delaney, mha, rn president 390 Stone Castle Pass Atlanta, ga 30331 2017 -> Military History Anniversaries 16 thru 31 January Events in History over the next 15 day period that had U. 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