Summary: book "Britain for Learners of English", James O'Driscoll



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School uniforms
Ever since schools made their appearance in Britain, it has been customary for pupils to wear school uniforms. When few children went to any kind of school, uniforms were a sign of status. It proclaimed the child’s attendance and it showed that the parents could afford to buy it. When schooling became universal, most schools took this lead and insisted on their pupils wearing uniforms. It was a mark of aspiration. During the sixties and seventies, more and more schools abandoned uniforms they were regarded as burden on parent finances and it was believed that they stifled creativity and individualism. These days, the vast majority of parents are in favour of the uniforms, the reason is because of the money. These days, buying a uniform is likely to be less expensive than buying their children fashionable clothes. There is still a large minority of schools in Britain which do not prescribe a uniform. But they often come under pressure from government advisers, who believe uniforms are symbols of belonging and lead to an improvement in academic performance. Distributing prohibited | Downloaded by Ngan Tien (nganctddongnai@yahoo.com.vn)
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The school year
Three terms autumn term, spring term, summer term. Schools have a ‘half-term’ (half-term holiday) lasting a few days or a week in the middle of each term.
The three R’s
Basic literacy and numeracy is informally known in Britain as the three Rs. These are Reading, wRiting and aRithmetic.
Swot
a student who works extremely hard and has no time for other activities
Academic exams and qualifications
GCSE
General Certificate of Secondary Education. The exams taken by most 15 to 16 year olds in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Marks are given for each subject separately. Grades AB and Care regarded as good grades.

SCE
Scottish Certificate of Education. The Scottish equivalent of GCSE. Grades are awarded in numbers, 1 being the best.
A levels
Advanced levels. Higher-level academic exams set by the same examining boards that set GCSE exams. Taken by people age 18 who wish to goon higher education. They are split in two groups A is worth half an A and A is the full A-level. It cans stand as a qualification by itself.

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