Swainson, 1830 subtribe iolaina riley, 1958 Iolaus pallene. Photo courtesy Jeremy Dobson



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Type locality: Kenya: “Naisi [Nasisi] Hills, 20 miles N. of Munias [Mumias], Kenya Colony, 4800 feet”.

Diagnosis: Similar to I. aphnaeoides but the blue on the upperside of the wings is more extensive; on the underside the stripes are almost yellow and are not edged with black. The male genitalia are, apparently, indistinguishable (Pringle, et al., 1994).

Distribution: Uganda (Larsen, 1991), Kenya (west), Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia (north), Zimbabwe, Botswana (Larsen, unpublished ms, 1995), Namibia (Caprivi), South Africa (Limpopo Province).

Specific localities:

Kenya – Nasisi Hills (TL); South Kavirondo; Kakamega; Cherangani Hills; Marakwet; Broderick Falls (Larsen, 1991); Ngong Hills (Congdon and Collins, 1998).

Zambia – 40 km east of Mwinilunga; Ndola; Kitwe; west of (below) Nyika; Nyika (Heath, et al., 2002).

Zimbabwe – Harare; Mutare; Hot Springs; Nyanyadzi; Mwedza; Matobo Hills; Victoria Falls; Trelawney (Pringle, et al., 1994); Vumba Mountains (Cookson).

Namibia – Katima Mulilo (Ficq).

Limpopo Province – near Messina; Buffelsberg, near Munnik (Pringle, et al., 1994).

Common name: Nasisi sapphire; Zimbabwe yellow-banded sapphire.

Habitat: Moist savanna.

Habits:

Flight period: All year but commoner from September to March (Pringle, et al., 1994).

Early stages: Nothing published.

Larval food:

Actinanthella wyliei (Sprague) Wiens (Loranthaceae) [Congdon and Bampton, 2000: 35].

Agelanthus igneus (Danser) Polh. & Wiens (Loranthaceae) [Congdon and Bampton, 2000: 35].

Agelanthus molleri (Engl.) Polh. & Wiens (Loranthaceae) [Congdon and Bampton, 2000: 35].

Agelanthus pungu (De Wild) Polh. & Wiens (Loranthaceae) [Congdon and Bampton, 2000: 35].

Agelanthus subulatus (Engl.) Polh. & Wiens (Loranthaceae) [Pringle, et al., 1994: 158; as Tapinanthus subulatus (Engl.) Danser].

Agelanthus zizyphifolius vittatus (Engl.) Pohl. & Wiens (Loranthaceae) [Congdon and Bampton, 2000: 35].

Englerina inaequilatera (Engl.) Gilli (Loranthaceae) [Congdon and Bampton, 2000: 35].

Englerina macilenta Polh. & Wiens (Loranthaceae) [Congdon and Bampton, 2000: 35].

Helixanthera verruculosa (Loranthaceae) [Heath, et al., 2002: 96].

Oliverella rubroviridis (Oliv.) V. Tieghem (Loranthaceae) [Pringle, et al., 1994: 158].

Tapinanthus brunneus (Engl.) Danser (Loranthaceae) [Pringle, et al., 1994: 158].

Tapinanthus ceciliae (N.E. Br.) Danser (Loranthaceae) [Pringle, et al., 1994: 158].

Tapinanthus dichrous (Engl.) Danser (Loranthaceae) [Pringle, et al., 1994: 158].

Tapinanthus nyasicus (Bak. and Sprague) Danser (Loranthaceae) [Pringle, et al., 1994: 158].

Tapinanthus oleifolius (Wendl.) Danser (Loranthaceae) [Pringle, et al., 1994: 158; as Tapinanthus quinquangulus (Engl. and Schinz) Danser].

Iolaus (Epamera) neavei (Druce, 1910)
Epamera neavei Druce, 1910. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1910: 371 (356-378).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Bitje, Ja river, Cameroons, 2000 ft”.

Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania.

Common name: Neave’s sapphire.

Habitat: Forest (Larsen, 2005a).

Habits: This is a generally scarce species (Larsen, 2005a). Males show hilltopping behaviours in the afternoon. Unusually for a species of Iolaus, specimens are also encountered flying low down, settling on vegetation on the edges of forest paths. This behaviour is shared with I. pollux (Congdon and Collins, 1998) and I. cytaeis (Larsen, 2005a).

Early stages:
Congdon and Collins, 1998: 93.
Larval food:

Agelanthus krausei (Engl.) Polh. & Wiens (Loranthaceae) [Congdon and Collins, 1998, for I. (E.) neavei katera; Minziro, Tanzania].
Iolaus (Epamera) neavei neavei (Druce, 1910)
Epamera neavei Druce, 1910. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1910: 371 (356-378).

Type locality: Cameroon: “Bitje, Ja river, Cameroons, 2000 ft”.

Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele).

Specific localities:

Nigeria – Ikom (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a).
Iolaus (Epamera) neavei katera Talbot, 1937
Iolaus (Epamera) neavei katera Talbot, 1937. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 86: 65 (59-72).

Type locality: Uganda: “Katera”.

Diagnosis: Compared to the nominate subspecies, the forewing upperside blue area is more extensive (Congdon and Collins, 1998).

Distribution: Uganda (west - western shores of Lake Victoria and Bwamba Valley), Tanzania (north-west).

Specific localities:

Tanzania – Minziro Forest (not uncommon) (Congdon and Collins, 1998).

Iolaus (Epamera) nolaensis (Stempffer, 1951)
Epamera nolaensis Stempffer, 1951. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 56: 125 (119-128).

Type locality: Congo: “Nola, Haute Sangha, Congo francais”.

Distribution: Congo, Tanzania, Zambia.

Habitat:

Early stages: Nothing published.

Larval food:

Agelanthus subulatus (Engl.) Pohl. & Wiens (Loranthaceae) [Congdon and Bampton, 2000: 35; for I. (E.) nolaensis amanica].

Agelanthus sansibarensis (Engl.) Pohl. & Wiens (Loranthaceae) [Congdon and Bampton, 2000: 35; for I. (E.) nolaensis amanica].

Agelanthus tanganyikae (Loranthaceae) [Heath, et al., 2002: 96].

Agelanthus scassellatii (Loranthaceae) [Heath, et al., 2002: 96].
Iolaus (Epamera) nolaensis nolaensis (Stempffer, 1951)
Epamera nolaensis Stempffer, 1951. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 56: 125 (119-128).

Type locality: Congo: “Nola, Haute Sangha, Congo francais”.

Distribution: Congo. Known only from the type locality.
Iolaus (Epamera) nolaensis amanica (Stempffer, 1951)
Epamera nolaensis amanica Stempffer, 1951. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de France 56: 126 (119-128).


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