Swainson, 1830 subtribe iolaina riley, 1958 Iolaus pallene. Photo courtesy Jeremy Dobson



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Iolaus likpe. Male (holotype), Ghana. Left – upperside; right – underside. Photos ex Torben Larsen.
Type locality: Ghana: “Volta Region, Likpe, xii.1975”. Holotype (male) in the African Butterfly Research Institute, Nairobi; genitalia SCC 503.

Distribution: Ghana.

Common name: Likpe sapphire.

Habitat: Nothing published.

Habits: Known only from the male holotype, which appears to have been bred (image above). There are no further details (Larsen, 2005a).

Early stages: Nothing published.

Larval food: Nothing published.

Iolaus (Philiolaus) calisto (Westwood, 1851)
Anthene calisto Westwood, 1851 in Doubleday & Westwood, 1846-52. The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera, London: pl. 75 [1851], 487 [1852] (1: 1-250 pp.; 2: 251-534 pp.). London.

Type locality: Sierra Leone.

Distribution: Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Burkina Faso (south), Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Nigeria (south and Cross River loop), Cameroon, Gabon, Central African Republic.

Specific localities:

Nigeria – Borgu (Larsen, 2005a).

Common name: Large green sapphire.

Habitat: Forest, including dry forest (Larsen, 2005a).

Habits: Not common but met with more often than most other species of the genus (Larsen, 2005a).

Early stages: Nothing published.

Larval food: Nothing published.

Iolaus (Philiolaus) laonides Aurivillius, 1898
Iolaus (Epamera) laonides Aurivillius, 1898. EntomologiskTidskrift 18: 218 (213-222).

Type locality: Sierra Leone: “Sierra Leona”. Holotype (male) in the Natural History Museum, Stockholm.

Distribution: Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Nigeria (east and Cross River loop), Cameroon.

Specific localities:

Ivory Coast – Tiassale (Larsen, 2005a).

Ghana – Kumasi (Larsen, 2005a).

Nigeria – Uwet (Larsen, 2005a); Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a).

Common name: Emerald sapphire.

Habitat: Forest in good condition (Larsen, 2005a).

Habits: A scarce species (Larsen, 2005a).

Early stages: Nothing published.

Larval food: Nothing published.

Iolaus (Philiolaus) poecilaon (Riley, 1928)
Argiolaus poecilaon Riley, 1928. Novitates Zoologicae 34: 379 (374-394).

Type locality: Uganda: “Entebbe”.

Distribution: Nigeria, Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Tanzania, Zambia.

Common name: Intense sapphire.

Habitat: Forest (Larsen, 2005a).

Habits: A rare sapphire throughout its range (Larsen, 2005a).

Early stages:
Heath, 1983 (teste Larsen, 2005a).

The head of the larva closely resembles new buds of the foodplant. It chews off these buds and positions itself so that its head takes their place, thereby achieving a remarkable degree of camouflage.


Congdon and Collins, 1998: 96.
Larval food:

Phragmanthera rufescens (Loranthaceae) [A. Heath, 1983 teste Larsen (2005a)].

Phragmanthera usuiensis usuiensis (Oliv.) M.G. Gilbert (Loranthaceae) [Congdon and Collins, 1998: 96].

Phragmanthera polycrypta (F. Didr.) Balle (Loranthaceae) [Congdon and Collins, 1998: 96].

Phragmanthera brieyi (De Wild) Polh. & Wiens (Loranthaceae) [Congdon and Bampton, 2000: 36].
Iolaus (Philiolaus) poecilaon poecilaon (Riley, 1928)
Argiolaus poecilaon Riley, 1928. Novitates Zoologicae 34: 379 (374-394).

Type locality: Uganda: “Entebbe”.

Distribution: Nigeria (Cross River loop), Cameroon, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo (Uele, Kinshasa, Lualaba), Uganda, Tanzania (north-west).

Specific localities:

Nigeria – Ekonganaku in the Oban Hills (Larsen, 2005a).

Tanzania – Kere Hill, Minziro Forest (rare); Kikuru Forest (Congdon and Collins, 1998).
Iolaus (Philiolaus) poecilaon fisheri Heath, 1983
Iolaus (Argiolaus) poecilaon fisheri Heath, 1983. Arnoldia. Zimbabwe 9: 149 (145-164).


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