Semantics : Information carrying molecules like DNA, RNA, proteins. Taxonomists use techniques of molecular biology to compare the DNA nucleotide sequences of different organisms

3. Semantics : Information carrying molecules like DNA, RNA, proteins. Taxonomists use techniques of molecular biology to compare the DNA nucleotide sequences of different organisms

Flavonoid

2. Secondary metabolites: These are the compounds that usually perform non-essential functions in the plants, they are used for protection and defense against predators and pathogens.

• These compounds are of restricted occurrence and hence very useful for chemotaxonomic classification. Some of the major group of secondary metabolites includes glycoside, alkaloid, volatile oil, flavonoid, plant phenols and terpenoids.

• Immunological methods
• Chromatography (paper and column chromatography)
• Electrophoretic methods.

• Chromatography is a kind of different techniques for the separation of a complex liquid mixture such as biological fluids (e.g., amino acids, steroid, carbohydrate, etc.) that pass through a column of adsorbing material (e.g., paper, magnesia) the components of the mixtures are adsorbed in separate layers in the column.
• The technique of DNA (Kohne, 1968; Smith, 1976; Trease and Evans, 1978), it is possible for a double helical DNA malecule to be separated into its two complementary component strands. These single strands, under suitable conditions, can come together again and combine to form a complete molecule (reassociated DNA). However, the component strands will be different from those originally forming the pair.

CONCLUSION