T-100 Watch Dog (Autonomous Security Vehicle)



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3.2 Autonomous Vehicles

Autonomous robots are intelligent robots that are capable of performing tasks with some degree of self-sufficiency. The unique feature of autonomous machines is their ability to function without continuous human guidance. These specific robots are capable of interacting with the environment, sometimes even gaining knowledge and adapting to their surroundings. While these features are impressive, there is another feature that should be noted of the fully autonomous robots, which is self-maintenance.


Through modern advancements, autonomous robots are able to efficiently perform on land, in water, air, and space. By integrating various types of sensors and peripherals, these robots are capable of maneuvering around and interacting with a multitude of environments. For example, infrared and ultrasound sensors are used to allow the robot to detect obstacles. Advanced robots are capable of analyzing their environment and adapting to it accordingly.
It seems that most experts in field believe that the key to superior autonomy lies within machine learning. The common notion of self-reliance entity requires very minimum external influence with their operations. The conventional programming method such as feeding explicit instructions tends to limit the range of adaptability for the robot. With machine learning, all we need to do is direct the machine instead of write out every single instruction. A bipedal walking robot can use just a single line of code to learn to balance itself, instead of having to use hundreds of if statements. This may sound conveniently simple to achieve such milestone but that one particular line of code could take scientists and researchers months to derive it. However, in the end, results are the driving factor for any achievement.

3.3 Control Methods

In order to notify the user if any intruder has entered his/her home a mobile application needs to be created. By having a mobile application a message can be sent to the user’s phone or tablet where the user will be alerted of the situation and he can make a decision. According to a CNN Money report made on February 28th, 2014 mobile devices accounted for 55% of Internet usage in the United States in January 2014 as can be seen in the chart below:


mobile time spent

Figure 3.3-1 Internet use of Mobile Devices vs Desktops
This is the first time that mobile devices have surpassed the PC Internet usage. As a result, a mobile application will be created in order to take advantage of the market share.

3.3.1 Mobile Application

Mobile phones have increased in popularity in the past few years. The top 4 mobile operating systems are:




  • Android

  • Blackberry

  • iOS

  • Windows

According to Kantar’s 4th Quarter 2013 report on mobile market share, the Android operating system accounted for 50.6% of market share in the United States alone. In a Google earnings call in 2013, there were 1.5 million Android devices being activated per day. This of course is including smartphones, tablets, as well as other new devices running the Android operating system.


The Blackberry operating system has been declining for the past few years, although it once was a very popular operating system especially for business people. The market share for the Blackberry operating system was 0.4% in the United States. Apple’s mobile operating system, iOS is the second most popular to Google’s Android with a market share of 43.9%. Microsoft’s mobile operating system, Windows Mobile, had a market share of 4.3%.
Since Android is the most popular mobile operating system, we decided to create the mobile application for Android devices. Below are some advantages and disadvantages of Android.
Advantages

  • No learning curve, the programmers in the group are familiar with JAVA and Android mobile application development.

  • No overhead costs, team members already possess an Android device.

  • Open Source, there are many resources online with help for different types of implementations and applications.


Disadvantages

  • App Compatibility, many devices have different size of screen, different types of inner hardware, and different type of processors which can cause issues.

  • Fragmentation, many Android users are running old versions of the operating system. This makes it hard to use the latest features and user interface improvements.

Android has many different versions and each year the operating system is updated. Unfortunately, one of the main issues of Android is the fragmentation between all the versions of Android. As of April 2014, Android 4.4 KitKat is the latest version. In order to decide what version of Android to focus on, we referred to Google’s April 2014 platform version report as shown below:




Figure 3.3.1-1 Android Version Distribution
By looking at the report, it can be concluded that almost all Android devices are running Android 2.3.3 (Gingerbread) or higher. As a result, development will be focused for an application to run on Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread to Android 4.4 KitKat.
Within the application the user will be able to do the following:

  • View a live video feed, color and thermal.

  • Ability to call 9-1-1 by pressing a button.

  • Save a screenshot to their mobile device.

  • Control the robot with a Joy Stick using the device’s touch screen.



3.3.2 Web Application

In order to support more devices a Web Application can be created instead which can be accessible by any regular computer or mobile device no matter what operating system the device is running. Unfortunately the members of the group are not very familiar and/or comfortable with HTML5. As a result, this option will be visited again if time allows for the implementation and testing of a Web Application.





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