Tampa Prep 2009-2010 Impact Defense File
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- AT: Rape
- 2. Rape cannot be solved until governments change policies and treatment of victims.
Ext #5 – Capitalism1. Oppression – the current economic system causes us to label some as inferior and others as superior. That’s the root cause of racism. 2. Empirically proven – slavery and imperialism was caused by the rich property-owning white males seeking profit and new markets. America didn’t enslave Africans because they thought they were better, but rather because they wanted cheap labor which resulted in racism. 3. This is not just another alt cause – the plan fails to address the capitalist system which is the root of ALL forms of oppression – the impact is the revival of a classist system that reproduces racism. AT: RailroadsRailroads aren’t investing enough to meet demand – trucks will fill in in the squo Congressional Budget Office, “Freight Rail Transportation: Long-Term Issues,” Congressional Budget Office Paper, January 2006, http://www.cbo.gov/ftpdocs/70xx/doc7021/01-17-Rail.pdf The freight railroad industry plays an important role in the nation’s economy as a mainstay of transportation for many basic industries and, increasingly, for exports and imports that travel by rail to and from the nation’s ports. After a long period of excess rail capacity, the pendulum has begun to swing toward tight capacity—at least at cer- tain times and places.1 Some transportation experts have expressed concern that the railroads are not investing enough to meet rising demand for their services. If they cannot keep pace, the result could be higher costs not only for shippers and consumers but also for taxpayers, because demand that the railroads cannot satisfy is most likely to be handled by trucks and thus require more spending on the construction and maintenance of high- ways. As freight transportation grows over the next ten years, the railroads will struggle to keep up and won’t expand to meet the nation’s transportation needs John B. Ficker is President of The National Industrial Transportation League, “Testimony of The National Industrial Transportation League Before the Subcommittee on Railroads Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure,” in th eU.S. House of Representatives, March 31, 2004. While the economic and services bar is being raised higher, the data suggests that, though the freight railroad industry is in far better financial shape than it was in the 1970s, it has not been able to maintain or expand its share of intercity freight transportation. Freight transportation overall is expected to grow significantly over the next decade. According to the report entitled “Freight – Rail Bottom Line” published by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in 2000, freight volume is expected to grow fifty percent between 2000 and 2020. Freight railroads need to be part of that growth. But if the trends of the past ten years discussed above are projected into the nation’s future in 2020, trucking activity will more than double, while the railroads’ share of intercity freight revenues will grow only slowly. Such a situation would result in a massive challenge to the nation’s existing highway infrastructure. The status quo thus does not appear to be a model that will result in a rail industry that will fully participate in the growth required to meet the nation’s increased transportation needs. AT: Rape1. Rape is inevitable-ethnic conflicts. Africa News. November 25, 2008. (“Violence Against Women-Rape, Crime of Genocide.” LN) underscores the use of rape as a weapon of war as the most notorious and brutal way in which conflict impacts on women. Rape is often used in ethnic conflicts as a way for attackers to perpetuate their social control and redraw ethnic boundaries because women are seen as the reproducers and care takers of the community. Therefore if one group wants to control another, they often do it by impregnating women of the other community because they see it as a way of destroying the opposing community. Rape and sexual abuse are not just a by-product of war but are used as a deliberate military strategy. From the systematic rape of women in Bosnia, to an estimated 200,000 women were raped during the battle for Bangladeshi independence in 1971, to Japanese rapes during the 1937 occupation of Nanking-the past century offers too many examples of the use of rape as a weapon of war. The most recent examples include the 1994 Tutsi Genocide, the war tone zone of Eastern Congo and the Darfur crisis region. 2. Rape cannot be solved until governments change policies and treatment of victims.The Korea Herald. June 2, 2008. ( “Punish War Criminals for Rape.” LN)Yet the perpetrators of wartime mass rape and other forms of sexual violence usually are not prosecuted. Recently, the Congolese militia leader Thomas Lubanga became the first prisoner to be tried at the International Criminal Court in The Hague for the recruitment of child soldiers. Yet the indictment's failure to mention violence against women is a "huge shock" to the victims, according to Congolese human rights organizations. In a petition, they asked the ICC to investigate mass rapes committed by all parties in the conflict. The impunity that is characteristic of these heinous crimes must stop. Rape and other forms of sexual violence against women should be openly discussed by governments, members of parliament, militia leaders, and opinion leaders. Prosecution must become the rule. The ICC and other tribunals must give a clear signal to the perpetrators. For women who have been victims of rape, there are no monetary benefits, memorials or mourning rituals. That must change as well. There should be a monument to the Unknown Raped Woman at the ICC. Maybe then its judges would pay closer attention to sexual violence against women. Directory: files -> documents documents -> North Mankato Taylor Library documents -> In the Red and Brown Water documents -> - documents -> I. Disaster Summary Sheet II. 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