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Table S23. Checklist of the Phylum Echinodermata, and their distribution in the geographical areas of the Mediterranean with reference to their presence in the Atlantic and the Indo-Pacific Oceans
WM: Western Mediterranean; CM: Central Mediterranean; AD: Adriatic Sea; AS: Aegean Sea; LB: Levantine Basin; AO: Atlantic Ocean; IP: Indo-Pacific Ocean. Zoogeographical characterization (ZC) AM, Atlanto-Mediterranean; C, Cosmopolitan; E, Possibly endemic; IP, Indo-Pacific; LM, Lessepsian migrant. VD, vertical distribution.
Mediterranean species
|
WM
|
CM
|
AD
|
AS
|
LB
|
AO
|
IP
|
ZC
|
VD (m)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Crinoidea
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Antedon bifida (Pennant, 1777)
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
5-200
|
Antedon mediterranea (Lamarck, 1816)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
E
|
1-420
|
Leptometra celtica (Barrett & McAndrew, 1858)
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
46-1279
|
Leptometra phalangium (J. Müller, 1841)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
|
E
|
40-1300
|
Neocomatella europaea (A.H. Clark, 1931)
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
400-1710
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Eleutherozoa
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asteroidea
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anseropoda lobiancoi (Ludwig, 1897)
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
40-100
|
Anseropoda placenta (Pennant, 1777)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
5-600
|
Aquilonastra burtoni (Gray, 1840)
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
+
|
LM
|
8 - 10
|
Asterina gibbosa (Pennant, 1777)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-126
|
Asterina ocellifera (Gray, 1847)
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
6-200
|
Asterina panceri (Gasco, 1870)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
E
|
0-40
|
Asterina phylactica Emson & Crump, 1979
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-2
|
Astropecten aranciacus (Linnaeus, 1758)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
1-110
|
Astropecten bispinosus (Otto, 1823)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
1-245
|
Astropecten irregularis pentacanthus (Delle Chiaje, 1825)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
1-1829
|
Astropecten irregularis irregularis (Pennant, 1777)
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
3-900
|
Astropecten jonstoni (Delle Chiaje, 1825)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
E
|
1 - 90
|
Astropecten platyacanthus (Philippi, 1837)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
E
|
1 - 64
|
Astropecten spinulosus (Philippi, 1837)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
E
|
1 - 55
|
Ceramaster grenadensis grenadensis (Perrier, 1881)
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
200-2210
|
Chaetaster longipes (Retzius, 1805)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
30-1139
|
Coscinasterias tenuispina (Lamarck, 1816)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-79
|
Echinaster (Echinaster) sepositus sepositus (Retzius, 1783)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-250
|
Hacelia attenuata (Gray, 1840)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
1-190
|
Henricia cylindrella (Sladen, 1883)
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
530-1400
|
Hymenodiscus coronata (G.O. Sars, 1871)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
100-2904
|
Luidia ciliaris (Philippi, 1837)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
1-400
|
Luidia sarsi sarsi Düben & Koren, in Düben, 1845
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
10-1292
|
Marginaster capreensis (Gasco, 1876)
|
+
|
|
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
49-2487
|
Marthasterias glacialis (Linnaeus, 1758)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-180
|
Nymphaster arenatus (Perrier, 1881)
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
225-2790
|
Odontaster mediterraneus (Marenzeller, 1893)
|
+
|
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
24-1804
|
Ophidiaster ophidianus (Lamarck, 1816)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-100
|
Peltaster placenta (J. Müller & Troschel, 1842)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
10-500
|
Plutonaster bifrons (W. Thompson, 1873)
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
106-2525
|
Sclerasterias neglecta (Perrier, 1891)
|
+
|
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
160-485
|
Sclerasterias richardi (Perrier, 1882)
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
100-710
|
Tethyaster subinermis (Philippi, 1837)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
40-1400
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cryptosyringida
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ophiuroidea
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Acrocnida brachiata (Montagu, 1804)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
5 - 40
|
Amphilepis norvegica (Ljungman, 1865)
|
+
|
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
70-2940
|
Amphioplus (Lymanella) laevis (Lyman, 1874)
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
+
|
LM
|
0-40
|
Amphipholis squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
C
|
0-740
|
Amphiura cherbonnieri Guille, 1972
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
|
E
|
12-130
|
Amphiura chiajei Forbes, 1843
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
2-1200
|
Amphiura delamarei Cherbonnier, 1958
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
43-200
|
Amphiura filiformis (O. F. Müller, 1776)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
5-1200
|
Amphiura (Amphiura) grandisquama Lyman, 1869
|
+
|
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
2-170
|
Amphiura incana Lyman, 1879
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
18-58
|
Amphiura lacazei Guille, 1976
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
E
|
20-175
|
Amphiura mediterranea Lyman, 1882
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
E
|
0-90
|
Amphiura (Ophiopeltis) securigera (Düben & Koren, 1846)
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
40-600
|
Astrospartus mediterraneus (Risso, 1826)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
+
|
C
|
50-188
|
Cryptopelta brevispina (Ludwig, 1879)
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
20-145
|
Ophiacantha setosa (Retzius, 1805)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
5-1480
|
Ophiactis balli (W. Thompson, 1840)
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
50-1765
|
Ophiactis macrolepidota Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1887
|
|
|
+
|
|
+
|
LM
|
0-200
|
Ophiactis savignyi (J. Müller & Troschel, 1842)
|
+
|
|
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
C
|
2-518
|
Ophiactis virens (M. Sars, 1857)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-90
|
Ophiocomina nigra (Abildgaard, in O. F. Müller, 1789)
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-400
|
Ophioconis forbesi (Heller, 1863)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
20-200
|
Ophiocten abyssicolum Marenzeller, 1893
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
40-620
|
Ophioderma longicaudum (Retzius, 1805)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-70
|
Ophiomyxa pentagona (Lamarck, 1816)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-260
|
Ophiopsila annulosa (M. Sars, 1857)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
10-100
|
Ophiopsila aranea Forbes, 1843
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
9-185
|
Ophiopsila aff. guineensis Koehler, 1914
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
27-175
|
Ophiothrix fragilis (Abildgaard, in O. F. Müller, 1789)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-1244
|
Ophiura albida Forbes, 1839
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
2-850
|
Ophiura (Dictenophiura) carnea Lütken, 1858 ex M. Sars MS
|
+
|
|
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
30-1260
|
Ophiura grubei Heller, 1863
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
1-187
|
Ophiura ophiura (Linnaeus, 1758)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-685
|
Pectinura vestita Forbes, 1843
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
E
|
160
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Echinozoa
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Echinoidea
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-50
|
Arbaciella elegans Mortensen, 1910
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
1 - 40
|
Brissopsis lyrifera (Forbes, 1841)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
4-1500
|
Brissopsis atlantica mediterranea Mortensen, 1913
|
+
|
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0 - 250
|
Brissus unicolor (Leske, 1778)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-250
|
Centrostephanus longispinus (Philippi, 1845)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
40-363
|
Cidaris cidaris (Linnaeus, 1758)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
20-2000
|
Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778)
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
+
|
LM?
|
15-18
|
Echinocardium cordatum (Pennant, 1777)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
C
|
0-230
|
Echinocardium fenauxi Péquignat, 1963
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
|
E
|
20-125
|
Echinocardium flavescens (O. F. Müller, 1776)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
5-360
|
Echinocardium mediterraneum (Forbes, 1843)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
2 - 40
|
Echinocardium mortenseni Thiéry, 1909
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
10 -70
|
Echinocyamus pusillus (O. F. Müller, 1776)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-1250
|
Echinus acutus Lamarck, 1816
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
3-1280
|
Echinus melo Lamarck, 1816
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
20-1100
|
Eucidaris tribuloides (Lamarck, 1816)
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
3 -10
|
Genocidaris maculata A. Agassiz, 1869
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
12-500
|
Hemiaster expergitus Lovén, 1874
|
+
|
|
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
400-3120
|
Neolampas rostellata A. Agassiz, 1869
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
95-1260
|
Paracentrotus lividus (Lamarck, 1816)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-90
|
Plagiobrissus costai (Gasco, 1876)
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
20-200
|
Psammechinus microtuberculatus (Blainville, 1825) Heller, 1868
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
E
|
1-685
|
Schizaster canaliferus (Lamarck, 1816)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
E
|
9-105
|
Spatangus inermis Mortensen, 1913
|
+
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
E
|
20-350
|
Spatangus purpureus (O. F. Müller, 1776)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
15-969
|
Sphaerechinus granularis (Lamarck, 1816)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
2-120
|
Stylocidaris affinis (Philippi, 1845)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
5-1000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Holothuroidea
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aslia lefevrei (Barrois, 1882)
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
6 -20
|
Havelockia inermis (Heller, 1868)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
6-180
|
Hedingia mediterranea (Bartolini-Baldelli, 1914) Tortonese, 1965
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
800-1005
|
Holothuria (Panningothuria) forskali Delle Chiaje, 1823
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
1-125
|
Holothuria (Holothuria) helleri Marenzeller, 1878
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
|
E
|
0-80
|
Holothuria (Thymiosycia) impatiens (Forskål, 1775)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
C
|
0-30
|
Holothuria (Vaneyothuria) lentiginosa Marenzeller, 1892
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
100-250
|
Holothuria (Holothuria) mammata Grube, 1840
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
1 - 77
|
Holothuria (Roweothuria) poli Delle Chiaje, 1823
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-250
|
Holothuria (Platyperona) sanctori Delle Chiaje, 1823
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
2 - 30
|
Holothuria (Holothuria) tubulosa Gmelin, 1788
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-123
|
Labidoplax buskii (McIntosh, 1866)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
10-540
|
Labidoplax digitata (Montagu, 1815)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-268
|
Labidoplax media Östergren, 1905
|
+
|
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
5 - 95
|
Labidoplax thomsoni (Herapath, 1865)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
|
E
|
7 - 70
|
Leptopentacta elongata (Düben & Koren, 1844)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-150
|
Leptopentacta tergestina (M. Sars, 1857)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
8-170
|
Leptosynapta decaria (Östergren, 1905)
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
2 - 70
|
Leptosynapta galliennii (Herapath, 1865)
|
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
5 - 30
|
Leptosynapta inhaerens (O. F. Müller, 1776)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
2-173
|
Leptosynapta makrankyra (Ludwig, 1898)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
E
|
1 - 36
|
Leptosynapta minuta (Becher, 1906)
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
3 - 50
|
Meseres occultatus (Marenzeller, 1893)
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
+
|
+
|
C
|
232-5300
|
Mesothuria intestinalis (Ascanius, 1805) Östergren, 1896
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
18-4255
|
Mesothuria verrilli (Théel, 1886)
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
+
|
C
|
280-2520
|
Molpadia musculus Risso, 1826
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
25-2098
|
Myriotrochus geminiradiatus Salvini-Plawen, 1972
|
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
70-225
|
Neocnus incubans Cherbonnier, 1972
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
1-?
|
Neocucumis atlantica (Ludwig & Heding, 1935)
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
50-300
|
Neocucumis marioni (Marenzeller, 1878)
|
+
|
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
25-560
|
Ocnus grubei (Marenzeller, 1874)
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
|
E
|
3 - 40
|
Ocnus koellikeri (Semper, 1868)
|
+
|
|
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
50-685
|
Ocnus lacteus (Forbes & Goodsir, 1839)
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-100
|
Ocnus petiti (Cherbonnier, 1958)
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
30-35
|
Ocnus planci (Brandt, 1835)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
5-250
|
Ocnus syracusanus (Grube, 1840) Panning, 1949
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
E
|
7-100
|
Panningia hyndmanni (W. Thompson, 1840)
|
+
|
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
7-1152
|
Parastichopus regalis (Cuvier, 1817)
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
AM
|
5-1200
|
Pawsonia saxicola (Brady & Robertson, 1871)
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
0-130
|
Penilpidia ludwigi (Marenzeller, 1893)
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
E
|
755-4766
|
Phyllophorus drachi Cherbonnier & Guille, 1968
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
?-90
|
Phyllophorus granulatus (Grube, 1840)
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
E
|
3 - 15
|
Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) urna Grube, 1840
|
+
|
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
|
E
|
2-150
|
Prototrochus meridionalis (Salvini-Plawen, 1977)
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
?-540
|
Pseudothyone raphanus (Düben & Koren, 1846)
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
7-1050
|
Pseudothyone sculponea Cherbonnier, 1958
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
25-120
|
Stereoderma kirchsbergii (Heller, 1868) Panning, 1949
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
30-80
|
Synaptula reciprocans (Forskål, 1775)
|
|
|
|
+
|
+
|
|
+
|
LM
|
0-20
|
Thyone cherbonnieri Reys, 1960
|
+
|
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
|
E
|
3 - 63
|
Thyone fusus mediterranea Madsen, 1941
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
E
|
20-150
|
Thyone gadeana R. Perrier, 1902
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
562-1045
|
Trochodota furcipraedita Salvini-Plawen, 1972
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
4 - 5
|
Trochodota venusta (Semon, 1887)
|
+
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
|
E
|
1 - 13
|
Ypsilothuria bitentaculata (Ludwig, 1893)
|
+
|
|
|
|
|
+
|
|
AM
|
200-4000
|
Total number of species in the Mediterranean Sea: 154
|
144
|
98
|
101
|
107
|
73
|
|
|
|
|
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