The Business of College Sports. A question of Equity and Ethics Don’t I have the right to do what I want with my own money? Or are you envious because I am generous



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Table 2

CONFERENCE:

Recruiting Expenses Men (Average by Conference)

Head Coach Men FTE Salary

Assistant Head Coach Men FTE Salary

ATLANTIC COAST

$654,783

$486,161

$140,559

BIG 12

$723,778

$814,210

$174,565

BIG EAST

$507,878

$498,594

$131,058

BIG TEN

$700,815

$502,554

$129,538

PACIFIC-10

$614,456

$557,781

$148,708

SOUTHEASTERN

$927,041

$853,409

$206,857

AMERICA EAST

$158,343

$115,817

$45,723

ATLANTIC 10

$230,010

$165,746

$54,123

ATLANTIC SUN

$66,747

$76,927

$39,604

BIG SKY

$139,805

$106,979

$49,404

BIG SOUTH

$79,304

$84,671

$45,096

BIG WEST

$112,895

$113,927

$55,617

COLONIAL ATHLETIC

$202,669

$126,467

$50,817

CONFERENCE USA

$343,924

$298,266

$102,957

HORIZON LEAGUE

$94,126

$128,520

$57,628

MID-AMERICAN

$261,556

$165,830

$74,347

MID EASTERN ATHLETIC

$61,812

$98,826

$48,182

MISSOURI VALLEY

$161,008

$182,763

$55,037

MOUNTAIN WEST

$403,191

$314,051

$93,054

NORTHEAST

$88,213

$158,687

$86,469

OHIO VALLEY

$111,169

$91,506

$40,885

SOUTHERN

$147,963

$102,229

$47,534

SOUTHLAND

$114,412

$96,212

$45,915

SOUTHWESTERN

$57,231

$70,903

$46,616

SUN BELT

$180,615

$139,799

$71,503

THE SUMMIT LEAGUE

$90,982

$82,813

$41,417

WEST COAST

$64,382

$74,842

$29,486

WESTERN ATHLETIC

$228,234

$239,760

$81,809













Note: IVY Group, Metro Atlantic Athletic, Patriot League, and Independents were excluded due to the fact that all members were private institutions

Table 3

CONFERENCE:

Recruiting Expenses Women (Average by Conference)

Head Coach Women FTE Salary

Assistant Head Coach Women FTE Salary

ATLANTIC COAST

$311,129

$149,679

$62,577

BIG 12

$304,364

$201,457

$74,685

BIG EAST

$244,087

$158,235

$56,948

BIG TEN

$341,066

$143,527

$61,622

PACIFIC-10

$278,533

$167,121

$63,918

SOUTHEASTERN

$397,638

$186,819

$71,442

AMERICA EAST

$106,189

$73,538

$40,885

ATLANTIC 10

$140,240

$79,078

$38,938

ATLANTIC SUN

$57,166

$60,703

$32,951

BIG SKY

$71,856

$68,751

$38,098

BIG SOUTH

$54,149

$55,227

$30,407

BIG WEST

$70,240

$83,389

$47,200

COLONIAL ATHLETIC

$110,672

$75,411

$39,368

CONFERENCE USA

$158,262

$79,941

$41,269

HORIZON LEAGUE

$71,293

$73,080

$38,811

MID-AMERICAN

$125,939

$85,095

$44,525

MID EASTERN ATHLETIC

$39,972

$59,283

$31,858

MISSOURI VALLEY

$94,439

$73,893

$39,423

MOUNTAIN WEST

$156,901

$106,092

$50,924

NORTHEAST

$55,045

$109,676

$64,449

OHIO VALLEY

$56,407

$58,762

$33,506

SOUTHERN

$64,567

$59,999

$33,036

SOUTHLAND

$57,769

$66,135

$36,824

SOUTHWESTERN

$28,377

$42,354

$30,060

SUN BELT

$85,714

$69,734

$43,328

THE SUMMIT LEAGUE

$71,904

$60,052

$34,641

WEST COAST

$100,887

$66,018

$28,222

WESTERN ATHLETIC

$115,365

$74,770

$40,613













Note: IVY Group, Metro Atlantic Athletic, Patriot League, and Independents were excluded due to the fact that all members were private institutions

Table 4

CONFERENCE:

Percentage of Athletics Program Covered by Student Fees

Profit/Loss Averages by Conference

Total NCAA Distribution (2010-2011)

Percentage of Total NCAA Div I Funding

ATLANTIC COAST

8.46%

$1,456,260

$38,724,762

8.10%

BIG 12

1.42%

$6,419,675

$35,949,380

7.52%

BIG EAST

11.80%

$887,210

$44,074,162

9.22%

BIG TEN

0.45%

$7,021,941

$42,691,368

8.93%

PACIFIC-10

2.17%

$6,372,645

$33,586,746

7.03%

SOUTHEASTERN

2.58%

$7,293,353

$33,671,053

7.04%

AMERICA EAST

31.31%

$112,543

$9,168,424

1.92%

ATLANTIC 10

28.89%

$1,330,936

$15,379,568

3.22%

ATLANTIC SUN

55.73%

$335,286

$4,553,605

0.95%

BIG SKY

16.61%

$72,229

$7,023,406

1.47%

BIG SOUTH

51.70%

$145,835

$6,692,743

1.40%

BIG WEST

32.44%

$257,917

$7,915,097

1.66%

COLONIAL ATHLETIC

61.92%

$563,286

$13,243,676

2.77%

CONFERENCE USA

21.42%

$51,518

$20,445,493

4.28%

HORIZON LEAGUE

31.12%

($272,749)

$9,320,618

1.95%

MID-AMERICAN

38.47%

$1,345,901

$15,839,969

3.31%

MID EASTERN ATHLETIC

46.28%

$199,651

$7,279,652

1.52%

MISSOURI VALLEY

27.74%

$386,443

$10,993,414

2.30%

MOUNTAIN WEST

10.96%

($295,572)

$16,702,798

3.49%

NORTHEAST

0.00%

$510,906

$8,681,492

1.82%

OHIO VALLEY

19.56%

$108,133

$7,786,660

1.63%

SOUTHERN

47.23%

$40,083

$9,031,883

1.89%

SOUTHLAND

36.20%

$68,664

$7,521,882

1.57%

SOUTHWESTERN

20.13%

$241,527

$7,153,527

1.50%

SUN BELT

33.15%

($754,013)

$12,925,836

2.70%

THE SUMMIT LEAGUE

18.02%

($28,044)

$6,782,046

1.42%

WEST COAST

24.14%

($797,440)

$7,712,528

1.61%

WESTERN ATHLETIC

10.09%

($147,643)

$11,798,464

2.47%

TOTAL







$477,955,000




Note: IVY Group, Metro Atlantic Athletic, Patriot League, and Independents were excluded due to the fact that all members were private institutions

Table 5

Student Activities Fees

Variable

I

Coefficients



II

Coefficients



III

Coefficients



Intercept

0.505*

0.541*

0.58*

Student Teacher Ratio

-0.00074







ACS




-0.002

-0.001

Power Conference

-0.255*

-0.26*





Profit Margin

0.047

0.058




Profits







0.000001*

Part/Coach

-0.018*

-0.018

-0.028*

R-squared

.51

.51

.32

where ***indicates significance at the 10% level;**indicates 5% level;*indicates 1% level

Table 6

Student Teacher Ratio and ACS

Variable

I STR

Coefficients



II ACS

Coefficients



Intercept

19.2*

29.2*

Student Fees

-0.172

-1.492

Power Conference

-0.098

-0.927

Profit Margin

0.795

5.931

Coaches Per Participant

-0.042

-0.109

R-squared

.04

.11

where ***indicates significance at the 10% level;**indicates 5% level;*indicates 1% level

Table 7

Athletic Department’s Expenses

Variable

I

Coefficients



II

Coefficients



Intercept

18,705,327*

18,059,887*



Profit Margin

19,520,296***




Profits




0.938*

Power Conference

50,894,653*

47,261,863

Coaches Per Participant

-148,052

-95711

Student Fees

-7826761***

-7159826***

R-squared

.88

.89

where ***indicates significance at the 10% level;**indicates 5% level;*indicates 1% level

1 http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/public/ncaa/finances/index.html

2 http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/public/ncaa/enforcement/index.html

3 The six Power Conferences are Atlantic Coast Conference, Big 12, Big East, Ben Ten, Pacific-10, and Southeastern Conference.

4 The GDP deflator is used to convert numbers across periods

5 http://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/mensbasketball/2011-value-of-college-scholarship.htm


6 2011-12 NCAA Division I Manual.

7 Whitlock, Jason. "College Athletes Should Not Be Paid". Sports and Athletes. James D. Torr, Ed. Opposing Viewpoints Series. Greenhaven Press, 2005. Jason Whitlock, "College Athletes Already Paid in Full," espn.com, September 19, 2002.

8 http://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/2004-02-18-athletic-spending-cover_x.htm

9 http://www.businessinsider.com/highest-paid-coaches-in-college-football-2011

10 http://www.thestreet.com/story/11454837/1/ncaa-tournament-drives-ticket-resale-march-madness.html

11 http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/public/NCAA/Finances/index.html

12 http://collegefootball.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=004550

13 http://www.usatoday.com/sports/college/ncaa-finances.htm

14 http://matlabgeeks.com/sports-analysis/college-football/ncaa-div-i-college-football-expenses-and-revenue/

15 http://athleticscholarships.com/mens-football-scholarships/coastal-carolina-university/

16 http://www.thestate.com/salaries/

17 http://www.collegesportsscholarships.com/percentage-high-school-athletes-ncaa-college.htm

18 http://www.ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/public/NCAA/Academics/Undergraduate+Scholarships

19 http://espn.go.com/college-sports/story/_/id/7143961/ncaa-weighing-2000-payments-student-athletes

20 An anonymous Clemson Women’s Soccer player.

21 http://ncaacompliance.nd.edu/countable_hours.shtml

22 http://www.fitsnews.com/2010/06/30/gamecocks-win-college-world-series/

23 http://espn.go.com/college-football/story/_/id/7214380/joe-paterno-president-graham-spanier-penn-state

24 All public schools in the survey are weighted the same within their conference.

25 The focus on men is to compare schools with football programs.

26 Data from the Department of Education

27 Data was acquired from various University websites.

28 The correlation is .86.

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