The contemporary world

The fifth and final gap is the compliance gap. Compliance measures must include mechanisms to identify defections and defectors from agreed upon norms and commitments in the realm of international governance as well as incentives that reward cooperation and disincentives that punish defection, including the use of force to bring those who have not complied back into line. Approach in analyzing compliance gaps has three facets: implementation, monitoring, and enforcement (Weiss and Thakur, 2010). The United Nations may not have full sanction when a member state is unwilling to implement the agreement on international policies. China, for example, cannot be stopped or having nuclear weapons although there is an international policy on the acquisition of nuclear technology and material.

There is no clear cut definition as to who has the authority, responsibility and the capacity to ensure that agreements entered into by member states are being honoured and enforced in their countries. With the exception of the Security Council, UN bodies can only make "recommendations." Hence, publicity of information about noncompliance mixed with the use of the bully pulpit has been a central dynamic in efforts to secure compliance. One of the main tactics used in the face of these constraints has been to embarrass those who do not comply. This tactic is used when UN secretariats or NGOs generate and publicize information and data about non-compliance.

One of the most difficult and challenging in filling up global governance gap is compliance gap. The role of international organizations will come in very helpful. The World Trade Organization and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade help in monitoring member states who comply in enforcing trade agreements.