The determination of the type of the human voice on the basis of the volume of the larynx, the trachea and the big bronchial tubes

DISCUSSION

• 
  middle tones of diapason /tenor - above gis/
  

/bass - below gis/

• 
  middle tones of speech voice /tenor – H-c/
  

/bass – G-Gis or lower/

• 
  highest tones of chest register /tenor – f-fis/
  

/bass – cis-d/

• 
  lower tones of diapason /tenor – A and higher/
  

/bass – F-Fis and lower/

• 
  stature of a body /tenor not taller than 1.80m/
  

• 
  length of vocal cords /tenor – shorter than 14mm/
  

Dependency of voice category on the length of vocal cords is more encountered by men than a women. Length of vocal cords in literature differs, because every author has his own method of measurement(2).

Then starting a vocal education, natural abilities of a student has to be determined, to establish the right method of teaching. Vocal teachers, mostly, evaluate a voice timbre and diapason. For vocalists beginners with less developed voices it is difficult to determine a voice diapason, because it is not entirely developed jet. Joining account only of all the data of various measurements, it is impossible to determine a type of voice. Singers often ask questions about the length of vocal cords in connection with voice category. On the basis of length of vocal cords only tendencies can be determined. When vocal cords are longer, there is a tendency toward lower voice, when vocal cords are shorter – toward higher voice. Retrospectively even then taking account of various measurements, there are still doubts whether voice category is determined correctly or not. Often we must wait for the development of singer and then determine the voice category again.

The lowest limit of diapason often is determinant for fixing voice category.

Sometimes vocal teacher determine a middle register, that is in the middle of the diapason. In 1927 Reinecke draw attention to the fact that persons, who have higher voice, while talking, have also higher voice, while singing, however there is no strict regularity.

We can not make strict conclusions only on the basis of the limits of registers. It is the best to determine the highest limit of chest register and it could be the basis for the classification (for the first time a term “register” – was established by Garcia in 1850).

Often the timbre can be determinant for the fixing of voice type. Always it has to be kept in mind that the sound of a voice can be made lighter and darker(2,4).

The stature of a body has a connection with a diapason of a voice and tall bodies often have low voices(3). Men have those differences more often than woman.

CONCLUSION

And, however, there often are doubts about whether singer belongs to one or another voice category. Sometimes we have to wait for the development of a singer. A conclusion about the type of voice is given by a vocal teacher together with phoniatrician.

To facilitate the complicated and often subjective criteria for determination of voice types, we propose one another objective criteria for determination of voice category i.e. determination of volume of larynx, trachea and the big bronchial tubes by means of digital x-ray.

In future this method could help phoniatrician to determine the type of voice, but vocal teacher and singer – to develop voice in the right tessitura and to achieve better results in the vocal art.

The difference of the volume of wind instruments.

Bass

Baritone

Tenor

Fig.4. The diference of the volume of wind instruments.


The difference of the volume of larynx.



Fig.5. The diference of the volume of larynx.

REFERENCES

1. 
   Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, second
   

edition//1992;2039-2042.

2. 
   W. Seidner. Die Sängerstimme //1978;83-91,164-170.
   
3. 
   W.Pfau, Klassifizierung der menschlichen Stimme//1973;9-118.
   
4. 
   G. Böhme, Untersuchungs-methoden der Stimme und Sprache //1972;44-52.
   
5. 
   I.Maksimov, Phoniatry //1987;100-119.
   

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