The historical books 1st & 2nd samuel lesson five
:14 dancing in the ancient world
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6:14 dancing in the ancient world. Much of the dancing that is attested in the ancient world takes place in cultic contexts, though both Mesopotamian and Egyptian sources frequently depict dancers involved in entertainment. The dancing connected to festivals would probably resemble folk dancing of today, featuring the coordinated movements of a group of dancers. At other times the dances could more resemble ballet, where a scene or a drama is acted out. Single dancers usually performed either whirling, squatting, leaping, hopping-type dances or acrobatics approximating a modern gymnast's routine. Dancers sometimes performed either scantily clad or in the nude. In cultic contexts the participating officials (i.e., priests and administration) at times danced, not just the professionals. In one Hittite ritual this specifically included the queen. There are no known examples of dancing kings. (IVP) 6:14-21 David's activity. The verb translated "danced" in verses 14 and 16 is used only in this passage. The use of the word in the related language of Ugaritic shows it to be something one does with fingers, thus suggesting snapping or waving fingers. The verb translated "leaping" in verse 16 is used only here and in a slightly different form in Gen 49:24, where it is a description of the agility of the arms. In the parallel passage, 1 Chronicles 15:29, the verb translated "dancing" is only used of human activity twice (once parallel to singing and rejoicing, Job 21:11; and once opposite to mourning, Eccl 3:4). It generally conveys swaying, trembling or vibrating movements. It is possible, then, that David is not involved in dance at all but is swaying his arms and snapping or waving his fingers. (IVP Bible Commentary) 6:15 trumpets. The trumpet referred to here is the ram's horn (shofar). The shofar is capable of a variety of tones but cannot play a tune so is used primarily for signals either in worship or in warfare. The ram's horn was softened in hot water, then bent and flattened to produce its distinctive shape. (IVP) 6:17 tent pitched for the ark. The text does not refer to this tent as the tent of meeting or the tabernacle, the two technical descriptions that typically identify the sanctuary that had been ordained at Sinai. Canaanite religious texts also speak of pavilions used for the dwelling of the gods. Archaeologists have found the remains of a Midianite tent shrine at Timnah that dates to the twelfth century B.C. It too was made of curtains draped over poles. Portable structures of similar design (curtains hung over gold-gilded beams or poles) are found in Egypt as early as the mid-third millennium both in sacred and secular use. (IVP Bible Background Commentary) 6:17 burnt offerings and fellowship offerings. Burnt offerings were totally consumed on the altar and usually were connected to petitions (see comment on Lev 1:3-4). Fellowship offerings provided a basis for a communal meal, and typical use of this offering was for ratification of treaties or covenant agreements. For more information see comments on 1 Sam 10:8; Ex 24:5; and Lev 3:1-5. The fellowship offerings are seen in contexts of coronation (1 Sam 11) and temple dedication (1 Kings 8). It is possible that the installation of the ark was combined with an enthronement celebration; see next comment. (IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament) CHAPTER SIX SECOND SAMUEL 2 Samuel 6:17 6:17 enthronement celebration.
6:18 blessings for the people.
(IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament) 6:10: Obed-Edom may have been one of the Gittites who accompanied David on his way from the Philistine town of Gath (see 15:18). But there were also several places called Gath (meaning “winepress”) in Israel. [Jewish Study Bible] 6:12: The report to King David convinces him that the Ark can be a blessing. If only it is handled properly. [Jewish Study Bible] 6:13: This time no cart is mentioned. The bearers were probably priests or Levites (see Numbers 7:9; 1 Chronicles 15:2). The sacrifices are meant to appease God in case another inadvertent mistake is made (cf. Job 1:5). [Jewish Study Bible] 6:14: The ephod was a priestly garment (1 Sam. 2:18-21). [Jewish Study Bible] 16: Michal daughter of Saul (i.e. daughter of a king) despises her husband King David, whose frivolous behavior is unworthy of a king. [Jewish Study Bible] CHAPTER SIX SECOND SAMUEL 6:17: The Ark had been in a tent since olden times (Exodus chapter 40; Joshua 18:1). [JSB] 6:18: David, sacrificing and blessing in the name of the Lord, exercises priestly functions (see also vv. 13-14). [Jewish Study Bible] 2 Samuel 6:10 [But David carried it aside] The house of Obed-edom appears to have been very near the city, which they were about to enter, but were prevented by this accident, and lodged the ark with the nearest friend. Adam Clarke Commentary 2 Samuel 6:11 [The Lord blessed Obed-edom] And why? Because he had the ark of the Lord in his house. Whoever entertains God's messengers, or consecrates his house to the service of God will infallibly receive God's blessing. Adam Clarke 2 Samuel 6:12 [So David went and brought up the ark]
6:14 danced. This explains the subscription of Psalms 87 (not the title of Psalms 88), Mahalath Leannoth =dancing with shoutings. Compare 1 Chronicles 15:25-29. Adam Clarke Psalms 87:1-7 1 His foundation is in the holy mountains. 2 The LORD loveth the gates of Zion more than all the dwellings of Jacob. 3 Glorious things are spoken of thee, O city of God. Selah. 4 I will make mention of Rahab and Babylon to them that know me: behold Philistia, and Tyre, with Ethiopia; this man was born there. 5 And of Zion it shall be said, this and that man was born in her: and the highest himself shall establish her. 6 The LORD shall count, when he writeth up the people that this man was born there. Selah. 7 As well the singers as the players on instruments shall be there: all my springs are in thee. (KJV) A Psalm or Song for the sons of Korah. In other words, of or by them. David (951 repeats this title in the sub-scription after v. 7, to emphasize the occasion of its use in bringing up the Ark to Zion BC, a Sabbatical year). CHAPTER SIX SECOND SAMUEL 1 Chronicles 15:25-29 25 So David, and the elders of Israel, and the captains over thousands, went to bring up the Ark of the Covenant of the LORD out of the house of Obededom with joy. 26 And it came to pass, when God helped the Levites that bare the ark of the covenant of the LORD, that they offered seven bullocks and seven rams. 27 And David was clothed with a robe of fine linen, and all the Levites that bare the ark, and the singers, and Chenaniah the master of the song with the singers: David also had upon him an ephod of linen. 28 Thus all Israel brought up the ark of the covenant of the LORD with shouting, and with sound of the cornet, and with trumpets, and with cymbals, making a noise with psalteries and harps. 29 And it came to pass, as the ark of the covenant of the LORD came to the city of David, that Michal the daughter of Saul looking out at a window saw King David dancing and playing: and she despised him in her heart. (KJV) Adam Clarke Commentary 2 Samuel 6:16 [She despised him in her heart.] She did not blame him outwardly; she thought he had disgraced himself, but she kept her mind to herself. Adam Clarke 6:17 tabernacle = ‘ohel, tent. Not the Tabernacle of Moses, which was at Gibeon, compare I Chron. 16:39, but the tent David had prepared on Zion (7:1-3). Compare Psalms 132:3-5. The Companion Bible by Baxter Ps 132:3-5 3 Surely I will not come into the tabernacle of my house, nor go up into my bed; 4 I will not give sleep to mine eyes, or slumber to mine eyelids, 5 Until I find out a place for the LORD, a habitation for the mighty God of Jacob. (KJV) THE NAMES OF THE TABERNACLE It is important to distinguish the different words used by the Holy Spirit to describe the Tabernacle, and to express His design. They are variously translated in the American Version Bible. They are distinguished severally in the notes; and are here brought together, so that the different shades of meaning may be compared and understood by the student of Scripture. It is called:
In this connection it is well to notice that congregation is ‘edah, which is general, while assembly is, kahal, which is more local and partial Paul the Learner CHAPTER SIX SECOND SAMUEL 2 Samuel 6:18 [He blessed the people in the name of the Lord] David acted here as priest, for it was the general prerogative of the priests to bless the people; but it appears, by both David and Solomon, that it was the prerogative of the kings also. Adam Clarke 6:18-23 BLESSING. O-1 6:18, 19- Blessing of the People P-1 6:-19 Return of the People O-2 6:20- Blessing of the household P-2 6:-20 Return of David Reproach O-3 6:21, 22 Blessing from Jehovah P-3 6:23 No return to Michal
[A cake of bread] Such as those which are baked without leaven (yeast), and they are made very thin. [A good piece of flesh, and a flagon of wine.] The words "of flesh" and "of wine" we add; they are not in the Hebrew. The Chaldee translates one part and one portion; but all the other versions understand the Hebrew as we do. “And distributed to all the people through the whole host of Israel, from Dan to Bersabee, both to the men and women, to everyone a piece of bread, and a piece of roasted meat, and a sweet cake baked in the pan.” LXX Adam Clarke 2 Samuel 6:20 6:20 Michal's complaint.
(From IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament, Copyright © 2000 by John H. Walton, Victor H. Matthews and Mark W. Chavalas. Published by InterVarsity Press. All rights reserved.) CHAPTER SIX SECOND SAMUEL 6:20 daughter of Saul. Note the use of this title instead of the normal words, which are ‘the wife of David.’ Words have meanings and that is why we read carefully the Scriptures. Paul the Learner 6:20: Honor in Michal’s view consists of external dignified behavior, in David’s view, of devotion to lofty ideas. But Michal’s sarcasm springs from pent-up pain and bitterness. In the past she loved David, helped him to escape, and even deceived her father for his sake (1 Sam. 18:20, 28; 19:11-17). Then Saul gave her to Paltiel, who fervently loved her (2 Sam. 3:15-16). After many years David demanded her back, for utilitarian reasons (see 3:13, 16), and she found herself one of his many wives. There is no hint that David ever loved her. 6:21: Instead of your father: David taunts Michal in return. [Jewish Study Bible] 6:22: Michal’s childlessness may be a punishment by God or the result of David’s abstaining from sexual relations with her. There is thus no possibility of uniting the house of Saul and the house of David through a child of David and Michal. [Jewish Study Bible] 2 Samuel 6:20 [To bless his household.] This was according to the custom of the patriarchs, who were priests in their own families. It is worthy of remark, that David is called patriarch by Stephen, <Acts 2:29>, though living upwards of four hundred years after the termination of the patriarchal age. [How glorious was the king of Israel] This is a strong irony. From what Michal says it is probable that David used some violent gesticulations, by means of which some parts of his body became uncovered. But it is very probable that we cannot guess all that was implied in this reproach. A.C. 2 Samuel 6:21 [It was before the Lord, who chose me] David felt the reproach, and was strongly irritated, and seems to have spoken to Michal with sufficient asperity. Adam Clarke 2 Samuel 6:22 [I will yet be more vile] The plain meaning of these words appears to be this: "I am not ashamed of humbling myself before that God who rejected thy father because of his obstinacy and pride, and chose me in His stead to rule His people; and even those maid-servants, when they come to know the motive of my conduct, shall acknowledge its propriety, and treat me with additional respect; and as for thee, thou shalt find that thy conduct is as little pleasing to God as it is to me." Then it is said, Michal had no child until the day of her death: Probably David never took her to his bed again; or God, in His providence, might have subjected her to barrenness, which in Palestine was considered both a misfortune and a reproach. Michal formed her judgment without reason, and meddled with that which she did not understand. We should be careful how we attribute actions, the reasons, of which we cannot comprehend, to motives, which may appear to us unjustifiable or absurd. Rash judgments are doubly pernicious; they hurt those who form them, and those of whom they are formed. Adam Clarke CHAPTER SEVEN SECOND SAMUEL 7:1-29 THE HOUSE OF JEHOVAH Q 7:1, 2 David before himself (“Who I am”) R 7:3 Reply of Nathan R 7:4-17 Reply of Jehovah Q 7:18-29 David before Jehovah (“Who am I?”) 2 Sam 7:1-17 7:1 God's Covenant with David (1 Chronicles 17:1-15) Now it came to pass when the king was dwelling in his house, and the LORD had given him rest from all his enemies all around, 2 that the king said to Nathan the prophet, "See now, I dwell in a house of cedar, but the ark of God dwells inside tent curtains." 3 Then Nathan said to the king, "Go, do all that is in your heart, for the LORD is with you." 4 But it happened that night that the word of the LORD came to Nathan, saying, 5 "Go and tell My servant David, 'Thus says the LORD: "Would you build a house for Me to dwell in? 6 For I have not dwelt in a house since the time that I brought the children of Israel up from Egypt, even to this day, but have moved about in a tent and in a tabernacle. 7 Wherever I have moved about with all the children of Israel, have I ever spoken a word to anyone from the tribes of Israel, whom I commanded to shepherd My people Israel, saying, 'Why have you not built Me a house of cedar?'"' 8 Now therefore, thus shall you say to My servant David, 'Thus says the LORD of hosts: "I took you from the sheepfold, from following the sheep, to be ruler over My people, over Israel. 9 And I have been with you wherever you have gone, and have cut off all your enemies from before you, and have made you a great name, like the name of the great men who are on the earth. 10 Moreover I will appoint a place for My people Israel, and will plant them, that they may dwell in a place of their own and move no more; nor shall the sons of wickedness oppress them anymore, as previously, 11 since the time that I commanded judges to be over My people Israel, and have caused you to rest from all your enemies. Also the LORD tells you that He will make you a house. 12 "When your days are fulfilled and you rest with your fathers, I will set up your seed after you, who will come from your body, and I will establish his kingdom. 13 He shall build a house for My name, and I will establish the throne of his kingdom forever. 14 I will be his Father, and he shall be My son. If he commits iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men and with the blows of the sons of men. 15 But My mercy shall not depart from him, as I took it from Saul, whom I removed from before you. 16 And your house and your kingdom shall be established forever before you. Your throne shall be established forever."'" 17 According to all these words and according to all this vision, so Nathan spoke to David. NKJV 7:1-29 A Covenant and a Dynasty for David 7:1, 11 rest. Here it is indicated that God has given David rest from his enemies, and throughout the Old Testament the Lord speaks of giving rest to his people. This is especially significant in this context where David wants to build a temple, because in the ancient Near East the temple of the deity was supposed to offer rest to the deity. Some of the temple names even suggest that as a primary function of the temple. This divine rest then often results in rest for the people in their land. In contrast the Bible says little about divine rest, and it is never the prerequisite for human rest except for the Sabbath. (IVP Commentary) CHAPTER SEVEN Download 268.5 Kb. Share with your friends:
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