The historical books 1st & 2nd samuel lesson five
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- 2 Samuel 5:17
- 2 Samuel 5:19
- 2 Samuel 5:21
5:17-18: The fastness may refer to the stronghold mentioned in vv. 7 and 9 (the Hebrew uses the same word in all these verses), which was close to the Valley of Rephaim. [Jewish Study Bible]5:19: (See 2:1). [Jewish Study Bible]5:20: The Lord has broken through my enemies: An etiological explanation of the name Baal-Perazim. It seems that “Baal,” literally “master,” but also the name of the main Cananite deity, is here an epithet for the Israelite God. [Jewish Study Bible]5:21: It was customary to bring one’s gods to the battlefield in order to obtain their help (see 1 Samuel 4:3). David’s capture of the Philistine idols is a reversal of the situation of 1 Sam. 4:11, when the Ark of the Lord was captured by the Philistines. [Jewish Study Bible] 5:23: Do not go up, to the front. [Jewish Study Bible] 5:24: The sound of marching, “when a wind will move the tops of the bacas so that a sound is heard like the footsteps of marching, people” (Ralbag). [Jewish Study Bible] 5:25: Routing the Philistines to Gezer, on the border between Israel and Philistia, amounts to expelling them from Israelite territory. [Jewish Study Bible] 2 Samuel 5:17[The Philistines came up to seek David] Ever since the defeat of the Israelites and the fall of Saul and his sons, the Philistines seem to have been in undisturbed possession of the principal places in the land of Israel. Now, finding that David was chosen as king by the whole nation, they thought it best to attack him before his army became too numerous and the affairs of the kingdom were properly settled. Adam Clarke Commentary 2 Samuel 5:19[David inquired of the Lord] He considered himself only the captain of the Lord's host, and therefore David would not strike a stroke without the command of his Superior (Yahweh). A. C. 2 Samuel 5:20[The Lord hath broken forth] He properly attributes the victory of Yahweh, without whose strength and counsel he could have done nothing. [Baal-perazim.] The plain or chief of breaches, because of the breach which God made in the Philistine army; and thus he commemorated the interference of the Lord. Adam Clarke 2 Samuel 5:21[They left their images] It was the custom of most nations to carry their gods with them to battle: In imitation of this custom the Israelites once took the ark and lost it in the field; see <1 Sam. 4> A.C. 2 Samuel 5:23[Fetch a compass behind them] When they may be had, God will not work without using human means. By this he taught David caution, prudence, and dependence on the divine strength. Adam Clarke CHAPTER FIVE SECOND SAMUEL 2 Samuel 5:24 [When thou hearest the sound of a going] If there had not been an evident supernatural interference, David might have thought that the sleight or ruse de guerre, which he had used, was the cause of his victory. By the "going" in the tops of the mulberry trees probably only a rustling among the leaves is intended. The Targum says, a noise; the Arabic has it as" "the noise of horses' hooves". A.C. 2 Samuel 5:25 [And David did so] He punctually obeyed the directions of the Lord, and then everything succeeded for his wish. Adam Clarke Commentary Question How it is that such supernatural directions and assistances are not communicated now? Answer
CHAPTER SIX SECOND SAMUEL 6:1-7:29 WORSHIP P-1 6:1-23 The Ark of Jehovah P-2 7:1-29 The House of Jehovah 6:1-23 (P-1, above) THE ARK OF JEHOVAH P-1 I 6:1-4 Removal of Ark from Gibeah K 6:5 Music L 6:6-8 Sin of Uzziah M 6:9-11- Carried aside N 6:-11, 12- Blessing I 6:-12, 13 Removal of Ark from house of Obed-edom K 6:14, 15 Dancing L 6:16 Offence of Michal M 6:17 Carried in N 6:18-23 Blessing, &c 2 Sam 6:1-23 6:1 The Ark Brought to Jerusalem (1 Chronicles 13; 15:25-16:3) Again David gathered all the choice men of Israel, thirty thousand. 2 And David arose and went with all the people who were with him from Baale Judah to bring up from there the ark of God, whose name is called by the Name, the LORD of Hosts, who dwells between the cherubim. 3 So they set the ark of God on a new cart, and brought it out of the house of Abinadab, which was on the hill; and Uzzah and Ahio, the sons of Abinadab, drove the new cart. 4 And they brought it out of the house of Abinadab, which was on the hill, accompanying the ark of God; and Ahio went before the ark. 5 Then David and all the house of Israel played music before the LORD on all kinds of instruments of fir wood, on harps, on stringed instruments, on tambourines, on sistrums, and on cymbals. 6 And when they came to Nachon's threshing floor, Uzzah put out his hand to the ark of God and took hold of it, for the oxen stumbled. 7 Then the anger of the LORD 8 And David became angry because of the LORD's outbreak against Uzzah; and he called the name of the place Perez Uzzah to this day. 9 David was afraid of the LORD that day; and he said, "How can the ark of the LORD come to me?" 10 So David would not move the ark of the LORD with him into the City of David; but David took it aside into the house of Obed-Edom the Gittite. 11 The ark of the LORD remained in the house of Obed-Edom the Gittite three months. And the LORD blessed Obed-Edom and his entire household. 12 Now it was told King David, saying, "The LORD has blessed the house of Obed-Edom and all that belongs to him, because of the ark of God." So David went and brought up the ark of God from the house of Obed-Edom to the City of David with gladness. 13 And so it was, when those bearing the ark of the LORD had gone six paces, that he sacrificed oxen and fatted sheep. 14 Then David danced before the LORD with all his might; and David was wearing a linen ephod. 15 So David and all the house of Israel brought up the ark of the LORD with shouting and with the sound of the trumpet. 16 Now as the ark of the LORD came into the City of David, Michal, Saul's daughter, looked through a window and saw King David leaping and whirling before the LORD; and she despised him in her heart. CHAPTER SIX SECOND SAMUEL 17 So they brought the ark of the LORD, and set it in its place in the midst of the tabernacle that David had erected for it. Then David offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before the LORD. 18 And when David had finished offering burnt offerings and peace offerings, he blessed the people in the name of the LORD of hosts. 19 Then he distributed among all the people, among the whole multitude of Israel, both the women and the men, to everyone a loaf of bread, a piece of meat, and a cake of raisins. So all the people departed everyone to his house. 20 Then David returned to bless his household. And Michal the daughter of Saul came out to meet David, and said, "How glorious was the king of Israel today, uncovering himself today in the eyes of the maids of his servants, as one of the base fellows shamelessly uncovers himself!" 21 So David said to Michal, "It was before the LORD, who chose me instead of your father and his entire house, to appoint me ruler over the people of the LORD, over Israel. Therefore I will play music before the LORD. 22 And I will be even more undignified than this, and will be humble in my own sight. But as for the maidservants of whom you have spoken, by them I will be held in honor." 23 Therefore Michal the daughter of Saul had no children to the day of her death. NKJV 6:1-23 The Installation of the Ark in Jerusalem 6:1 thirty thousand chosen men. David's standing army is now thirty divisions (see comment on Josh 8:3). The importance of the ark as well as its military significance is indicated by the size of the escort. Processions to showcase military might were common in the ancient world and continue in popularity today. The Assyrian army likewise accompanied the statue of Marduk as it was restored to Babylon from Asshur in the seventh century. (IVP Bible Background Commentary) 6:2 Baalah. In 1 Chronicles 13:6 Baalah is identified as another name for Kiriath Jearim. The ark has been housed in Kiriath Jearim ever since its return from Philistia. The site is commonly (but tentatively) identified with Tell el-Azhar, nine miles west northwest of Jerusalem. (IVP Commentary) 6:2 enthroned between the cherubim.
CHAPTER SIX SECTION TWO SECOND SAMUEL 6:2
NOTE: The writer here uses the name YaHWeH that brings in the four letters of the name of God in the unknown name of God that was spoken only on the ‘Day of Atonement’ by the High Priest. Paul the Learner 6:3 new cart. The use of a new cart would assure that there was no ritual impurity connected to the cart from previous usage (for instance, if it had been used to transport dung or dead animals). However, instructions for the transport of the ark always involved priests using poles to carry it rather than using a cart. The cart precedent was set by the Philistines (1 Samuel 6:7). (IVP Bible Commentary) 6:5 worship music.
6:6 threshing floor of Nacon. The location of this threshing floor is unknown. The text puts it in the vicinity of Obed-Edom's house, which in turn is not far from Jerusalem, but it is impossible to be more precise. (IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament) 6:7 Uzzah's irreverence. The ark is viewed as an object requiring respect and caution. Its very nature made it dangerous (compare electricity). The word translated "irreverence" occurs only here in the Old Testament, but the same root in related languages means "disdain" (Akkadian) or "negligence" (Aramaic). (From IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament, Copyright © 2000 by John H. Walton, Victor H. Matthews and Mark W. Chavalas. Published by InterVarsity Press. All rights reserved.) Note: God set down rules and to disregard them received instant judgment from God. Paul the Learner CHAPTER SIX SECOND SAMUEL [General Information - 6:1-23: Holiness]. David brings the Holy Ark to Jerusalem, making the city not only his administrative, but also his religious, center. Thus Jerusalem become the holy city, first in Judaism, where it is still the direction of prayer, and later also in Christianity and Islam, though for different reasons. [Jewish Study Bible] 6:1: Thirty thousand (see 1 Samuel 15:4). [Jewish Study Bible] 6:2: The Ark of God, (see 1 Samuel 4:4). [Jewish Study Bible] 6:3-4: A new cart, see 1 Samuel 6:7. Abinadab, see 1 Samuel 7:1. The passage from new at the end of v. 3 to hill in v. 4 is a dittography, repeating (in exactly the same words in the Hebrew) what was said in verse 3a. Read: “Uzza and Ahio guided the cart, [Uzzah walking] alongside the Ark of God and Ahio walking in front of the Ark.” [Jewish Study Bible] 6:5: To all kinds of cypress wood is a corruption of “with all their might and with songs” (1 Chronicles 13:8), which is similar in Hebrew writing. [Jewish Study Bible] 6:6-8: Touching the sacred object, loaded with awesome divine power, fraught with danger (cf. Numbers 4:15; 1 Samuel 6:19). David is distressed, because Uzzah only intended to prevent the Ark from slipping down. The fact is, however, that Uzzah came in direct contract with the Ark and therefore he is slain by God. The name Perez-Uzzah is explained etiologically. [Jewish Study Bible] 2 Samuel 6:1 [Thirty thousand.] This is supposed to have been a new levy; and thus he augmented his army by 30,000 fresh troops. The Septuagint has 70,000. Adam Clarke Commentary 6:2 Baale The old Canaanite name of Kirjath-jearim. Cp. I Sam. 6:21; 7:2; I Chron. 13:6. Companion Bible 2 Samuel 6:2 [From Baale of Judah] This is supposed to be the same city which, in <Joshua 15:60> is called Kirjath-baal or Kirjath-jearim. (See <1 Chronicles 13:6> ;) or Baalah, <Joshua 15:9> [Whose name is called by the name of the Lord] That is, the ark is called the ark of the Lord of hosts. But this is not a literal version. The word sheem (OT 8034), NAME, occurs twice together. Probably one of them should be read sham (OT 8033), THERE. There the name of the Lord of hosts was invoked, etc. Adam Clarke
This was contrary to the divinely prescribed law (Num. 4:15; 7:9; 10:21; Deut. 10:8; Josh. 3:14; 2 Sam. 15:24; I Chron. 13:7; 15:2). When the Philistines did it in ignorance (I Sam. 6:7) no judgment fell on them, because the Law of Moses was not delivered to them. But David should have known: hence judgment came. The solemn lesson is that anything introduced into the worship of God contrary to His requirements is deserving of His judgments. This includes all that is contrary to John 4:24 and all that is of the flesh, which “profiteth nothing” (John 6:63). All this is like David’s “new cart” and is sin in God’s sight. The Companion Bible by Baxter CHAPTER SIX SECOND SAMUEL 2 Samuel 6:3 [A new cart] Everything used in the worship of God was hallowed or set apart for that purpose: A new cart was used through respect, since that had never been applied to any profane or common purpose. But this was not sufficient, because the ark should have been carried on the shoulders of the priests; and the neglect of this ceremony was the cause of the death of Uzzah. Adam Clarke 2 Samuel 6:5 [On all manner of instruments made of fir wood] This place should be corrected from the parallel place, <1 Chronicles 13:8>: "All Israel played before God, with all their might and with singing, and with harps, and with psalteries," etc. Instead of bªkol (OT 3605) `ªtseey (OT 6086), "with all woods" or "trees;" the parallel place is bªkol (OT 3605) `oz (OT 5797), "with all their strength." This makes a good sense; the first makes none. In this place the Septuagint has the same reading: en (NT 1722) ischui (NT 2479), "with might." Adam Clarke 2 Samuel 6:6 [Uzzah put forth his hand] In <Num. 4:15-20>, the Levites were forbidden to touch the ark upon pain of death; this penalty was inflicted upon Uzzah, and he was the first that suffered for a breach of this law. Adam Clarke 2 Samuel 6:7 [Smote him there for his error] Uzzah sinned through ignorance and precipitancy; he did not have time to reflect; the oxen suddenly stumbled; and, fearing lest the ark should fall, he suddenly stretched out his hand to prevent it. Had he touched the ark with impunity, the populace might have lost their respect for it and its sacred service. The example of Uzzah must have filled them with fear and sacred reverence; and, as to Uzzah, no man can doubt of his eternal safety. He committed a sin unto death, but doubtless the mercy of God was extended to his soul. Adam Clarke 2 Samuel 6:10 6:10 house of Obed-Edom. The name Obed-Edom means "servant of Edom" (perhaps a deity's name; compare Obadiah = Obed-Yah[weh]). Additionally he is identified as a Gittite, that is, from Gath. A company of soldiers (mercenaries?) from Gath made up David's personal bodyguard (see 15:18), and it is possible that this individual is one of them. The house is generally considered to be in close proximity to Jerusalem, but evidence is lacking. (IVP Bible Background Commentary) 6:13 sacrifice every six steps. When the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal was restoring the image of Marduk to Babylon (seventh century), fatted bulls were offered every two miles along the way (Assur to Babylon is about 250 miles). David would have made about the same number of sacrifices as Ashurbanipal in about a half-mile. The text does not specify what was used for an altar or how long the procession took. The word translated "bull" is a general term for cattle that can be male or female. The category of fatted calf is not used in the ritual instructions in the Pentateuch. It is presumed to be an animal that has been specially fed and pampered so the meat will be tender. The text does not specify what type of sacrifice this is intended to be. (IVP Bible Background Commentary) CHAPTER SIX SECOND SAMUEL 6:14 linen ephod. Though the ephod is a priestly garment, David is not necessarily portrayed as actually officiating in the role of the priest. Alternatively he may be taking the role of supplicant before the Lord and thus "offers" the sacrifices, not as priest but as any worshiper would (see comment below on verse 17). (IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament) Download 268.5 Kb. Share with your friends:
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