The historical books 1st & 2nd samuel lesson five
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2 Samuel 5:3[They anointed David king] This was the third time that David was anointed, having now taken possession of the whole kingdom. Adam Clarke Remember that the combined kingdom of Israel lasted only until Solomon died, and then the kingdom was divided into the two kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Paul the Learner CHAPTER FIVE SECOND SAMUEL 2 Samuel 5:6-166 The Conquest of Jerusalem (1 Chronicles 11:4-9; 14:1-7) And the king and his men went to Jerusalem against the Jebusites, the inhabitants of the land, who spoke to David, saying, "You shall not come in here; but the blind and the lame will repel you," thinking, "David cannot come in here." 7 Nevertheless David took the stronghold of Zion (that is, the City of David). 8 Now David said on that day, "Whoever climbs up by way of the water shaft and defeats the Jebusites (the lame and the blind, who are hated by David's soul), he shall be chief and captain." Therefore they say, "The blind and the lame shall not come into the house." 9 Then David dwelt in the stronghold, and called it the City of David. And David built all around from the Millo and inward. 10 So David went on and became great, and the LORD God of hosts was with him. 11 Then Hiram king of Tyre sent messengers to David, and cedar trees, and carpenters and masons. And they built David a house. 12 So David knew that the LORD had established him as king over Israel, and that He had exalted His kingdom for the sake of His people Israel. 13 And David took more concubines and wives from Jerusalem, after he had come from Hebron. Also more sons and daughters were born to David. 14 Now these are the names of those who were born to him in Jerusalem: Shammua, Shobab, Nathan, Solomon, 15 Ibhar, Elishua, Nepheg, Japhia, 16 Elishama, Eliada, and Eliphelet. NKJV 2 Samuel 5:6 5:6 Jebusites. First mentioned as descendants of Canaan (Gen 10:16), the Jebusites were probably non-Semitic peoples, related to the Hittites or Hurrians, who moved into this region during the early second millennium. They inhabited the hill country along the southern border with Benjamin (Josh 15:8) and the city of Jebus (Josh 15:63; 2 Sam 5:6). After David captured Jerusalem, the Jebusites apparently were either assimilated or were enslaved and eventually lost their ethnic identity (2 Sam 5:6-9). (IVP) 5:6 lame and blind. There has been some suggestion that this was a magical tactic involving a hex. By positioning lame and blind people on the walls the threat was posed that any who entered the city would become lame and blind. Most, however, have preferred the understanding that this is simply a taunting hyperbole: "Even the lame and blind could hold off your armies!" (IVP Bible Commentary) 5:7 Zion. The etymology of Zion cannot at present be traced, but here (its first occurrence) it appears to refer to the acropolis of the Jebusite city. It later came to represent David's city and was used to refer to the entire city of Jerusalem through much of the poetic and prophetic literature of the Old Testament. (IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament) 5:8 water shaft. For over a century many interpreters have identified David's means of entry into the city with Warren's Shaft, a rock-cut tunnel that gave the residents access to the water of the Gihon Spring. More recent archaeological work in the tunnel system by Reich and Shukron, however, has determined that the Warren Shaft was never used as a water tunnel and was not connected to the underground system in the time of David. The following comments explore the various elements involved in this interpretation.
CHAPTER FIVE SECOND SAMUEL 5:8 The strategic importance of water systems. In time of siege it was imperative for the inhabitants of the city to have access to a secure water supply, but the city walls were on the crest of the hill, while the spring was in the valley. For this reason much engineering creativity was directed toward the use of tunnels and shafts cut through the bedrock that could provide water for the city. Other water tunnels are known from Hazor, Megiddo, Gezer and Gibeon (see comment on 2 Sam 2:13). The earliest rock-cut water systems known from the ancient Near East are from thirteenth-century Mycenaea. (IVP) 2 Samuel 5:8 Jerusalem's water system. From inside the city one would enter a passageway that descended gradually by slopes and steps. A sharp right turn would enter a horizontal tunnel that ended in a steep stairway into a natural cave. The distance from the entrance to the cave is about 130 feet. A sharp turn from the cave led one into a fortified tower, where the water from the Gihon Spring collected in a large pool. David's penetration of the city. The only entryway into the water system from the outside would have been through a channel that forked off from the tunnel that took water from the spring to the pool in the tower. This channel ran the length of the city. It was not a tunnel, but it was covered over by huge rocks. At this stage it is not possible to offer any clear idea of how Joab made his way into the city. (IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament) 5:8 to the gutter = by (or through) the zinnor, a rock cut passage from the lower Gihon or En-Rogel (now the Virgin’s Fount on east of Ophel), leading up into the city and supplying water. Sir Charles Warren discovered this. He shall be chief and captain. These words are supplied from 1 Chronicles 11:6, which tells that Joab got up the zinnor first. Probably revealed to him (or to David) by Araunah, who (through a Jebusite) was not slain, but is found, later on, owning property quite near (see 24:16). And we see from Josephus that Araunah was a personal friend of David’s. Paul the Learner 2 Samuel 5:9 5:9 king's personal ownership of the capital.
CHAPTER FIVE SECOND SAMUEL 5:9 supporting terraces (millo). It is now accepted by most that this important defensive structure should be identified with what archaeologists have called the "stepped stone structure" (see comment on 2 Samuel 5:6). This structure is made of rock and earth, and allowed for the building area to be expanded by about two thousand square feet. (IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament) 5:11 Tyre. Tyre was one of the major Phoenician seaports of the ancient world. It was located on a small island (about 150 acres) in the Mediterranean just off the coast about one hundred miles directly north of Jerusalem. The city and its mainland fortress are well represented in ancient sources from as early as Ebla and including Egyptian execration texts, Amarna letters, the Epic of Keret (Ugaritic), the Tale of Wenamon (Egypt) and down into Greek and Roman sources. Besides its significant role in the sea trade of the day, the textile and dye industry (see comment on Numbers 4:6) and the export of cedar were among the pillars of its economy. (IVP Bible Background Commentary) 5:11 Hiram. The dates of Hiram I of Tyre (Phoenician Ahiram; Assyrian Hirummu) are commonly cited as 969 B.C. - 936 B.C., based on the chronological reckoning of the Jewish historian, Josephus (First century A.D.). He claims to have extensive records of the history of Tyre and offers much information about Hiram's reign. This dating gives little if any overlap between David and Hiram and is suspect due to the methods of calculation available to Josephus. Contemporary Near Eastern sources offer no information about this Hiram but mention prominently his later namesake, Hiram II. The name is also well known from the sarcophagus of Ahiram, king of nearby Byblos, around this same time period. (IVP Bible Background Commentary: Old Testament) 2 Samuel 5:11 5:11 cedar wood. Cedar trees are slow growing and can live up to three thousand years and attain heights of 120 feet. Beautiful grain, sweet-smelling aroma and durability combined to make cedar the wood of choice for most temples and palaces of the ancient world. High resin content inhibited the growth of fungus. The forests of Lebanon on the west slope of the Lebanon range (at elevation levels of about five thousand feet) were one of the few places where it grew. Both Mesopotamia and Egypt were importing it beginning as early as the fourth millennium B.C. By the year 1000, there was little that remained of the legendary forests, making the rare wood all the more valuable. (IVP Commentary) 5:11 David's palace.
Bithilani, which refers to the characteristic porch with columns that are prominently featured.
CHAPTER FIVE SECOND SAMUEL [General Information - 5:6-12: Jerusalem]. In order to unite the tribes under his rule, David conquers Jebusite Jerusalem, which separated the southern tribe of Judah from the northern tribes of Israel. [JSB] 5:6: Jebusites, one of the peoples of Canaan. The blind and the lame: Their function is not clear.
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