The introduction and use of oat (avena sativa) cultivars in pakistan
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- Table 11. Green and dry matter yields (tons/ha) of oats and barley cultivars in 1996-97
- Table 12. Green fodder yield (GY), dry matter yield (DY), crude protein contents (CP), crude fibre contents (CF) of different oat cultivars.
- 7.9. National uniform oats forage yield trials
- Table 13. Green fodder yield of oat cultivars at various locations
- Table 14. Average green forage yield of oats cultivars at various locations in 1998- 99
- Table 15 . Average green forage yield of oats cultivars at various locations during 1999-2000
7.8. Forage /hay yield: Evaluation and selection of high fodder yielding, good quality and disease resistant oats varieties is important to meet the fodder requirements of livestock. Keeping in view the importance of oats as a fodder crop and the need of farmers, research work on the evaluation and selection of multi-cut, and high fodder yielding cultivars was conducted on farmers’ fields in the Northern Areas during 1996-97. The results are presented in Table 11.
A dual-purpose crop may offer an even more economically attractive option, to harvest fodder in the first cutting or have grazing and then grain also from the same crop. Some results achieved in N.S.W. (Anon. 1984) suggest that cutting oats for hay could be more profitable than harvesting the grain. In all three years of the experiments, considerably more hay than grain was available (in 1979 the crop produced seven times as much hay as grain), yet the grain commonly has only about twice the value of hay. On this basis, nitrogen application after grazing, while perhaps giving an uneconomic boost to grain yield, is economical for hay production – in effect, doubling the herbage yield at flowering. In Cyprus, Skorda (1977) showed that the combined dry matter production from winter grazing and hay at the milk stage was similar to that of hay alone from unclipped cereals. However, Hadjichristodoulou (1983), also in Cyprus, indicated a significant reduction in hay production of different barley varieties following one clipping at the tillering stage. Dhumale and Mishra (1979) concluded that fresh fodder yields were positively correlated with plant height, flag leaf and tillers/plant. Plant height had a direct effect on yield and all characters except tillers/plant contributed to yield via the plant height. Granier and Razafindrasita (1970) recorded higher fodder yields in Madagascar where oats was tried as a catch crop after rice. On fertile soil early sown oats yielded up to 52 tons fresh herbage/ha. Chaudhary and Mukhtar (1985) concluded that high green fodder yields in oats were attributed to plant characters, viz., more plant height, leaf area and stem thickness, etc. Gill et al. (1977) demonstrated that cultivar ‘EC 13594’ out-yielded the standard cultivar ‘Kent’. Toxler et al. (1980) reported that oats (cultivar ‘Borrus’) when grown as a fodder catch crop yielded 26 percent and 60 percent more dry matter than all the cultivars in the trial, when grown alone and in a mixture, respectively. Solanki (1977) reported that the new cultivar ‘HFO-114’ significantly outperformed, both in green fodder and dry matter yields and in single as well as multi-cut trials, the control cultivars ‘Weston -11’ and ‘Fos-1/29’. Hussain et al. (1993) evaluated 15 oat cultivars for forage yield, dry matter yield, crude protein, and crude fibre contents at NARC, Islamabad during 1985 -1986 (Table 12). It was observed that cultivar No. 725 produced taller plants, a greater number of tillers per plant, more leaves/leaf area, highest forage yield, dry matter tonnage, and superior forage quality as compared to all other cultivars included in the trial.
7.9. National uniform oats forage yield trials: Based on the forage yield evaluation and performance data of 400 oats cultivars from USA, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, the 20 promising cultivars were simultaneously multiplied and evaluated across a range of altitudes/ ecologies during the 1980s, from the sea level to above 2,000m under a series of on-farm, farmer-managed and research station trials, plots and socio-economic surveys. Forage scientists from the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, and Fodder Research Institute Sargodha supervised these trials. Representative examples of data generated from these trials-dairy pockets are given below (data were obtained from the National Fodder Research Programme, NARC, Islamabad, “National Uniform Fodder Yield Trials” on oats cultivars at various locations during 1989-2000). The performance of the cultivars included in the trials is given in Tables 13, 14, 15, and 16. The green fodder and dry matter (hay) produced from these cultivars were usually chopped by manual choppers and fed mixed with other crop residues such as dried sorghum, maize, and millet stover or wheat straw. Resulting animal wastes mixed with bedding were returned to the land as farmyard manure according to established farmer practices/customs. The chemical fertilizer treatment was 40-60-0 N PK kg/ha. There were large differences between the overall performances of cultivars at all the locations under trial suggesting significant differences in agro-ecological adaptation. It also clearly indicated the importance of National Uniform Yield Trials conducted throughout Pakistan to evaluate all the newly introduced oats varieties for selection of promising ones suited to different areas with diverse agro-ecological conditions. All the newly introduced oats varieties were evaluated along with the standard control varieties (Tables 13, 14, 15 and 16). It was interesting to note that due to genotype x environment interaction, all the oat varieties performed differently at various locations of the trials and it was not possible to recommend any single variety across the locations. It should also be noted that the National Uniform Yield Trials is a continuous on-farm evaluation programme carried out by the National Coordinated Fodder Programme NARC, Islamabad and every year all the new introductions are included in these trials. Through this process promising varieties are evaluated and selected that are suitable for various regions with diverse agro-ecological conditions throughout Pakistan.
Directory: agp -> agpc agpc -> Reporting Officer agp -> Submitted by: g V pollard, slac-slcm date: 21 February 2006 II. Visit to Download 0.77 Mb. Share with your friends:
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