The rhetoric of the father
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(153-154), and the Assyrian Ahikar (163, 166-67). 18 E.g., G.J. Botterwick, H. Ringgren, and H. Fabry, eds., Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, vol. VIII, trans. Douglas W. Stott (Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1997), s.v., "Hql," by H. Seebass, 16-21. 298 16:23). In 16:21, 23, and 7:21, Hqal, appears to mean "persuasiveness" or "eloquence." The wise of heart is called perceptive, and pleasant speech increases persuasiveness (Hql). (16:21, NRSV) The mind of the wise makes their speech judicious, and adds persuasiveness (Hql) to their lips. (16:23, NRSV) She swayed him by the profuseness of her persuasiveness (Hql). (7:21) These texts suggest that the meaning of Hql in Proverbs may reflect the notion of "rhetoric" as the power of persuasion.19 In view of the foregoing rhetorical analysis, the possibility that Hql may denote rhetoric or persuasive speech is of great significance. An editor of Proverbs 1-9 frames the ten lectures with two statements: "Let the wise also hear and gain in Hql (1:5) and "Give instruction to the wise, and they will become wiser still; teach the righteous and they will gain Hql" (9:9).20 If further research can establish the meaning of Hql as persuasion or eloquent speech, then one might conclude that the editor of Proverbs 1-9 explicitly identifies rhetorical training as one purpose of the ten lectures. The editor urges the wise and righteous to listen to instructions so that they may learn how to be more effective teachers or persuasive rhetors (Hql). _______________________ 19 The standard lexicons recognize this possible understanding of Hql. KB (486) defines Hql as 1) teaching, 2) persuasiveness, or 3) understanding. Holladay (A Concise Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon, 179) nuances KB's second translation from "persuasiveness" to "the gift of persuasion." 20 The other occurrence of Hql in Proverbs (4:2b) does not oppose this meaning. Here, the rhetor urges the son not to abandon his Hql, his teaching or rhetoric. 299 The recent renewal of rhetorical interest in biblical texts has opened a new and productive interpretive avenue into the ten lectures of Proverbs 1-9. This dissertation has ventured down this new path in an attempt to understand and account for the father's rhetoric. Continued exploration of this dimension of Proverbs 1-9 will require further research into rhetoric and rhetorical education in ancient Israel, investigation of the specific topics mentioned above, and scholarly response and refinement of the rhetorical analysis of the ten lectures offered by this dissertation. Hopefully, the individual analyses presented here and the recognition of three rhetorical types of lectures with diverse members will provide a helpful foundation for other, more far- reaching, studies of the rhetoric of father in Proverbs 1-9. BIBLIOGRAPHY Aletti, J.N. "Seduction et Parole en Proverbes I-IX." VT 27 (1977): 129-44. Anderson, Bernhard W. "The New Frontier of Rhetorical Criticism. A Tribute to James Muilenburg." In Rhetorical Criticism: Essays in Honor of James Muilenburg, edited by Jared J. Jackson and Martin Kessler, 1-17. Pittsburgh: Pickwick Press, 1974. Aristotle. The "Art" of Rhetoric. Translated by John Henry Freese. LCL. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1994. Augustine. On Christian Teaching. Translated by R.P.H. Green. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997. Barre, M.L. "The 'Fear of God' and the World View of Wisdom." BTB 11 (1981): 41-43.
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Fokkelien van Dijk-Hemmes, 57-62. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1993. Domeris, W.R. "Shame and Honour in Proverbs: Wise Women and Foolish Men." OTE 8 (1995): 86-102. Driver, G.R. "Notes on the Psalms." JTS 36 (1935): 147-56. ------. "Problems in the Hebrew Text of Proverbs." Bib 32 (1951): 173-97. ------. "Studies in the Vocabulary of the Old Testament, VII." JTS 35 (1934): 380-93. Eitan, I. "The Crux in Proverbs 7:22." AJSL 43 (1926): 60-63. Emerton, J.A. "A Consideration of Some Alleged Meaning of yd' in Hebrew." JSS 15 (1970): 145-80. ------. "A Further Consideration of D.W. Thomas's Theories About Yada." VT 41 (1991): 145-63. ------. "A Note on Proverbs 2:18." JTS 30 (1979): 153-58. Enos, Richard Leo. "The Classical Period." In The Present State of Scholarship in Historical and Contemporary Rhetoric, edited by Winifred Bryan Homer, 10-39. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1983. Estes, D. Hear My Son: Teaching and Learning in Proverbs 1-9. New Studies in Biblical Theology. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1997. 305 Farmer, Kathleen A. Who Knows What is Good? Proverbs & Ecclesiastes. ITC. Grand Rapids: William B. Eerdmans, 1991.
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Sozialgeschichtliche Studie. OBO, vol. 144. Gottingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1995. ------. "Im Vorzimmer der Unterwelt. Die Warnung vor der 'Fremnden Frau' in Prov 7 in Ihrem Historischen Kontext." In Von der Wurzel Getragen, edited by L Schottroff and Marie-Theres Wacker, 179-98. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1996.
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