The string theory
In 1907 Einstein discovered the theory of relativity, finding that the medium that transmits gravity is space itself (previously explained).
A German mathematician, named Theodor Kaluza was, as Einstein, searching for a unified theory. A theory that might be able to describe all of nature's forces from one set of ideas, one set of principles, one master equation.
So he thought that he might be able to describe electromagnetism using the same elements than Einstein: space and time, warps and curves. But these elements didn’t fit in the description of electromagnetism, so he proposed that there might be one more dimension.
When he wrote down the equations describing warps and curves in a universe with four space dimensions he found the old equations and also one more equation, because there was an extra dimension.
But, where was that extra dimension? In 1926, Oskar Klein proposed that there were two types of dimensions: big, easy-to-see dimensions and tiny, curled-up dimensions.
However, when applying this theory to physics in the universe it didn’t work. For example, they couldn't get the mass of the electron to work out correctly in this theory.
That’s why they are working on a new related theory called
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