The scientific method steps
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- Weak force
- C 14 (6 p+, 8 n
- Strong force
Electromagnetism: it was discovered by Maxwell in the 19th C. It only acts between electrically charged particles. It has an infinite range. Its force carrier is the photon and it explains how particles are orientated according to a magnetic field. This force can be described by the following formula:  .
For example, the plasma of the Sun are gases whose particles are orientated according to the magnetic field of the Sun. Another example is the cloud of electrons in the atoms. 
Weak force: it is a nuclear force that controls particle decay. Particle decay is the transformation of a non-stable particle into another particle. These non-stable particles are isotopes (atoms with more neutrons than protons) that, due to their instability, tend to transform in other atoms. For example, Carbon 14. Carbon isotopes are: C 12 (6 p+, 6 n); C 13 (6p+, 7 n) and C 14 (6 p+, 8 n). This last one is unstable so it disintegrates, transforming into N 14. The Weak force breaks the electromagnetic force that maintains neutrons together, releasing particles from the nucleus. This disintegration emits alfa, beta or gamma radiation. Strong force: it is a nuclear force that opposes to the electromagnetic force, because, though the electromagnetic force states that particles with the same charge must repel each other, the strong force holds together protons (by maintaining together the quarks of the sub atomic particle). This force is the strongest one and it has a short range. The force carrier of this force is the gluon. 
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