The Vindicator teacher’s edition table of contents
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- PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY® Enjoy this cereal character quiz!
- NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC TRAVELER
- WORLD-HERALD , THE FORUM
- Latitude and Longitude Exercise ANSWER KEY
- NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC
PIGSKIN GEOGRAPHY® Answer Key November 2, 2008 - Week #9 clocks back one hour. Standard time will return. Phoenix will be right with its time zones now. http://tycho.usno.navy.mil Europe has horology stores; in the United States we have jewelry stores/shops. * The Browns team of today came into the NFL in 1999. FYI: The Baltimore Colts became the Indianapolis Colts in 1884. Anyone know about the stealth move in the middle of the night? Don’t even want to discuss the Oakland Raiders becoming the Los Angeles Raiders becoming the Oakland Raiders again. The Houston Oilers became the Tennessee Oilers in 1997, and they played in Memphis. In 1999, they became the Tennessee Titans playing in Nashville. November 2, 1889, is the day North Dakota and South Dakota were admitted to the United States. For students in Fargo and Grand Forks, if you were on the capitol steps in Baton Rouge, on which step would you be standing? The 39th step. NEXT WEEK: How Great Bend, KS, was named Mouth of Arkansas River Santa Fe Trail Gold in North Carolina and California Mt. Mitchell in NC “Life” of Paul Bunyan for English and literature teachers Mt. Whitney and Death Valley Sonoran(AZ) and Mojave(CA) deserts Latitude and longitude exercise you might want to use Will Rogers born in Oklahoma The distance between latitude lines is always 68.9 miles. The distance between longitude lines varies depending on the latitude. At the Equator(0 degrees latitude), longitude lines are 69.2 miles apart. At 45 degree latitude, lines of longitude are 48.8 miles apart, and at 85 degrees latitude, longitude lines are 6.1 miles apart. If interested, see: www.confluence.org Students might enjoy looking at pictures of the confluence of latitude and longitude lines at different places in their home state 34
Enjoy this cereal character quiz! 1. Toucan Sam ____ a. Lucky Charms 2. Dig ‘em ____ b. Cocoa Puffs 3. Snap! Crackle! & Pop! ____ c. Frosted Flakes 4. The Rabbit ____ d. Smacks 5. L.C. Leprechaun ____ e. Cookie Crisp 6. Tony the Tiger ____ f. Rice Krispies 7. Cornelius the Rooster ____ g. Trix 8. The Baker ____ h. Honey Nut Cherrios 9. Sonny,--Cuckoo Bird ____ I. Corn Flakes 10. The Cookie Hound ____ j. Cinnamon Toast Crunch 11. BuzzBee ____ k. Froot Loops 12. Sugar Bear ____ l. Golden Crisp ___________________________________________________________________________________ Fold Here To Hide Answers 1-k, 2-d, 3-f, 4-g, 5-a, 6-c, 7-I, 8-j, 9-b, 10-e, 11-h, 12-L 35
Answer Key November 9, 2008 - Week #10 1- Minneapolis, Philadelphia, Boston, Phoenix 2- Denver Broncos near Lincoln, NE NY Giants over Trenton, NJ New Orleans Saints near Montgomery, AL Buffalo Bills over Albany, NY 3. Arkansas River SGS 4. It’s on a great bend in the Arkansas River. 5. Kansas City Chiefs. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Along the Santa Fe Trail”, March 1991, pages 98 - 123.
8. Atlanta Falcons 9. Many answers. Have English, reading, literature teachers and parents help. www.paulbunyancamp.org Do you LEADER-TELEGRAM students get to the camp often? 10. Teacher, you may hear that Death Valley is: SGS A. 282 feet below sea level, lowest point in Western Hemisphere. B. Highest temperature ever recorded in United States of 134 degrees on July 10, 1913. Temperatures of 125 degrees are common. Death Valley is in the rain shadow of the Panamint Range. The most rainfall ever received was 4.6 inches in 1941, and there was no rainfall in 1929 and 1953. C. Borax discovered here in 1873. Are students aware of the 20-mule teams? D. Death Valley is a national monument.
Mt. Whitney, at 14,494 feet above sea level, and Death Valley at 282 feet below sea level, are the highest and lowest points in the 48 states; and they are only about 80 miles apart. Mt. McKinley in Alaska is the highest point in the U.S. at 20,320 ft. If you care--Death Valley is a rift valley formed by a geological feature called a graben. A graben is a down-dropped block of the earth crust which forms when pressure is released on the faults on either side of the block. 11. Mojave Desert of California and the Sonoran Desert of Arizona. SGS NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Death Valley”, November 2007, pages 76-95 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Lush Life in the Sonoran Desert”, September 2006, pages 124-148. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine of September 1994 is about the Sonoran Desert. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine of May 1996 is about the Mojave Desert. 12. Green Bay Packers 13. St. Louis Rams continued 36
Answer Key November 9, 2008 - Week #10 14- WA, ID, MT, WY, CO, NE, KS, OK, MO, AR, MS, AL, FL 15. Oklahoma. Mr. Rogers said, “My ancestors didn’t come on the Mayflower, but they met the boat.” 16. A vexillologist is a person who studies the science and history of flags, so you would be studying and trying to learn about the history of our flag. Something you might learn. Myth has it that Betsy Ross sewed our first flag, but she didn’t. Francis Hopkinson probably designed the first flag. The 929.9 shelf is the flag section in the library.
Calaveras County in California Butterfield Stagecoach Line Holland Tunnel under the Hudson River Robert Fulton and the Clermont on the Hudson River. Good American history. Monument Circle in Indianapolis to honor Veterans’ Day Badlands of South Dakota Honoring Veterans’ Day---Honoring WWII www.ddaymuseum.org www.dday.org www.wwIImemorial.com Becoming a little bit of a vexillologist Diamonds in Arkansas and are igneous Big Dam Bridge in Little Rock, AR Stuttgart, AR, is “Duck Hunting Capital of the United States” Branson, MO, in the Ozarks or the Ozark Plateau Math: The Tennessee Titans have sold out for 103 consecutive games. On Saturday morning, July 12th, tickets went on sale for the eight regular-season home games, and they sold out in 32 minutes. It isn’t so, but let us assume that all 69,143 seats were available on July 12th. The tickets were selling at an average rate of how many per minute? Answer: 2,161 per minute. NIE students with the OMAHA WORLD-HERALD, THE FORUM in Fargo, ND, and the GRAND FORKS HERALD should do some research and tell us about the “battle” being waged for the preservation and/or eradication of the black-footed ferret in South Dakota and neighboring areas. Biologists are trying to save the ferret, but a bacterial plague carried by fleas on prairie dogs is killing them. The main food source for a ferret is prairie dog meat, and ranchers are trying to eradicate prairie dogs. Supply your NIE coordinator with the latest developments and the word will be passed along to this author. More happenings in South Dakota. In July 2008, the 57th mammoth was discovered in Hot Springs, SD. See: www.mammothsite.com. Not to be out done, Waco, TX, may have the world’s largest mammoth tusk and bone concentration. See: www.wacomammoth.org. Google Mammoth Site for lots of info. 37 Latitude and Longitude Exercise ANSWER KEY Note: Students might enjoy working with www.hometownlocator.com LATITUDE LONGITUDE Atlanta 33 degrees 45' N = 34 84 degrees 23' W = 84 Baltimore 39 " 17' N = 39 76 " 36' W = 77 Boston(N.E.) 42 " 21' N = 42 71 " 04' W = 71 Buffalo 42 " 53' N = 43 78 " 53' W = 79 Charlotte(CAR) 35 " 13' N = 35 80 " 50' W = 81 Chicago 41 " 53' N = 42 87 " 38' W = 88 Cincinnati 39 " 06' N = 39 84 " 31' W = 85 Cleveland 41 “ 29’ N = 41 81 “ 41’ W = 82 Dallas 32 " 47' N = 33 96 " 49' W = 97 Denver 39 " 44' N = 40 104 " 59' W = 105 Detroit 42 " 20' N = 42 83 " 03' W = 83 Green Bay 44 " 31' N = 45 88 " 00' W = 88 Houston 29 “ 45’ N = 30 95 “ 21’ W = 95 Indianapolis 39 " 46' N = 40 86 " 09' W = 86 Jacksonville 30 " 19' N = 30 81 " 39' W = 82 Kansas City 39 " 03' N = 39 94 " 30' W = 95 Miami 24 " 47' N = 25 80 " 11' W = 80 Minneapolis(MN) 44 “ 58’ N = 45 93 “ 15’ W = 93 Nashville(TN) 36 “ 09’ N = 36 86 “ 46’ W = 87 New Orleans 29 " 58' N = 30 90 " 04' W = 90 New York 40 " 43' N = 41 74 " 00' W = 74 Oakland 37 " 48' N = 38 122 " 15' W = 122 Philadelphia 39 " 57' N = 40 75 " 09' W = 75 Phoenix(AZ) 33 " 27' N = 33 112 “ 04' W = 112 Pittsburgh 40 " 26' N = 40 79 " 59' W = 80 St. Louis 38 " 37' N = 39 90 " 12' W = 90 San Diego 32 " 43' N = 33 117 " 09' W = 117 San Francisco 37 " 47' N = 38 122 " 25' W = 122 Seattle 47 " 36' N = 48 122 " 20' W = 122 Tampa 27 " 57' N = 28 82 " 27' W = 82 Washington 38 " 55' N = 39 77 " 00' W = 77 38
November 16, 2008 - Week #11 1. San Francisco, and St. Louis will fly in near Calaveras County. 2- Atlanta 3- NY Jets, Chicago Bears, Philadelphia Eagles 4- Mississippi River & Missouri River. Any KC STAR students going to the game? SGS 5- Buffalo 6. Cape Cod Canal. Have any of THE ENTERPRISE students in Brockton seen the canal? 7. Dallas Cowboys vs. Washington Redskins
Rogers, AR, recounts that Rogers was a changing station for the teams of horses on the Butterfield Stagecoach route. Did you TIMES RECORD students know the stage came through Fort Smith?
made the Teddy Bear popular. President Roosevelt could not kill a bear cub when he was hunting in Mississippi. Clifford Berryman, a political cartoonist, witnessed the incident and drew the president along side the cub, and this was the beginning of the craze. 10. Badlands are a barren region with an eroded surface marked by steep hills and deep gullies. (Accept very general answers as long as students understand it is a wasteland as far as agriculture is concerned.) Know the types of erosion: Water, wind, ice and gravity are the forms of erosion. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Reefs in a Prairie Sea”, April 2004, pages 78-97. In this same issue is a great map on bird migration(you students in McAllen know about that), chasing tornadoes, and sand hill cranes along the Platte(you students in Omaha know about this.) 11. Indianapolis, IN. Monument Circle is why Indianapolis is called “Circle City”. 12. Hudson River. Clermont. Stony Brook University reported in July 2008, that the mercury level in the Hudson River has decreased over the past three decades. The fish tested included striped bass, yellow perch, carp and bass. 13. Minneapolis(MN) Vikings
15. Minneapolis(MN) Vikings vs. Tampa Bay Buccaneers 16. You can dig for diamonds. Murfreesboro is where the only public mine in the world is found. * Diamonds are igneous. Diamonds found in Africa and Arkansas come from a rock called peridotite, and this type of rock is igneous. On March 10, 2007, 8-year-old twins from Houston, TX, found a 2 1/2 carat diamond at Crater of Diamonds State Park. 17- Little Rock, AR 18- It is a pedestrian and bicycle bridge across the Arkansas River claiming to be the longest bridge in the world serving this sole recreational purpose. www.bigdambridge.com/
20. Ozarks a.k.a. Interior Uplands and the Ozark Plateau. Branson is the C&W entertainment capital of the nation now. Nashville, TN, is called “Music City” but Branson is where the performers are. www.Branson.com ** NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Ozarks Harmony”, April 1998, pages 76-99. continued 39
Answer Key November 16, 2008 - Week #11 21- _2_ Arkansas, _1_ Colorado, _5_ Illinois, _4_ Mississippi, _3_ Missouri, _6_ Ohio 22- MN, IA, IL, IN, KY, TN, AL, GA, FL 23. Arkansas River 24. TBD. Wisconsin won the game 41 – 34, in 2007, * About 85,000 tourists a year come to Crater of Diamonds State Park to scrounge for the stones, and 2006 was the 100th anniversary of the finding of the first diamond there. About 20% of the diamonds are of gem quality. What design do you see on the Arkansas state flag? What do you see on the back of the Arkansas quarter? In October 2007, a 2.28 and a 3.92 caret diamonds were found. The 3.92 diamond was found by a couple from Appleton, WI. It is the world's only public site where anybody can lay down $4.50 and sift the soil for diamonds. During the peak summer season, an average of seven diamonds are found at the park every day. Other semi-precious gemstones also can be found among them amethyst, opal, quartz and jasper. www.craterofdiamondsstatepark.com See: “ZipUSA: Murfreesboro, AR, U-Dig Diamonds”, NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, March 2002, Page 118 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Diamonds: The Real Story”, March 2002, Pages 2-35. How diamonds are mined in Africa and eventually get to your jewelry shop through a secretive network. These precious gems carry a huge cost in human suffering. 
** Demographers in the Census Bureau now use the term “micropolitan” to describe the 573 cities in the U.S. like Branson, a city between 10,000 and 49,999. Too urban to be call rural, too rural to be called urban. Have you heard the term exurbs? Means on beyond the suburbs. Exurbs tend to be small, affluent areas. Someone call them Mayberrys with Blackberries. Not the blackberries you eat. Micropolitan areas are somewhere between rural and exurbs. Who knows where to draw the line? SGS NEXT WEEK: Route 66 from Chicago to St. Louis - Flying near Gettysburg, PA Kudzu vines Carpet (Georgia) & furniture (North Carolina) World War II history. USS Midway USS Indianapolis Interstate highways - A “gumbo” jet will get you to New Orleans Cape Hatteras and Outer Banks of North Carolina, plus lots of information for the American history teacher Continental Shelf and Gulf Stream Helium producing region of the United States. Learn about the helium monument and history in Amarillo at: www.dhdc.org/helium.html Rain shadow of mountains. A good science lesson. Kentucky Lake, Lake Barkley and the Tennessee Valley Authority 40
November 23, 2008 - Week #12 Be sure to ask and/or discuss who won the Minnesota—Wisconsin game. Who has the axe? 1- Cincinnati Bengals, Philadelphia Eagles, Charlotte(CAR) Panthers, Chicago Bears 2- Pittsburgh. Not too early to celebrate. On Nov. 25th, the city of Pittsburgh will be 250 years old. Are any BEAVER COUNTY TIMES students going down to help celebrate?
4. Chicago Bears. People from around the world are interested in the nostalgia of Route 66. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Romancing the Road”, September 1997, pages 34-51. * The Midway Cafe in Adrian, TX, is exactly 1,139 miles from Chicago and Los Angeles. 5. NY Jets. Hanover, PA, is the Snack Food Capital of the United States ** 6. Charlotte(CAR) Panthers vs. Atlanta Falcons. A study reported in May of 2005 that the use of kudzu pills may curb binge drinking. Glad they found kudzu useful for something. This is an invasive species from Japan that was brought here with good intentions that went wrong. Invasive species speak of a large, insidious phenomenon that is obliterating cultures and decimating natural ecosystems on a global scale----homogenization. Transportation of invasive species in the form of seeds, pollen and live animals has become one of the most critical threats to global biodiversity. 7. Foot of the mountain SGS 8- I-85 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “North Carolina’s Piedmont: On a Fast Break”, March 1995, pages 114-138.
Most of the carpet in the U.S. is made in a 50 mile radius of Dalton, GA. Mother probably knows that North Carolina is the leading furniture manufacturing state in the nation. SGS 10. The USS Midway is what type of ship? Aircraft carrier The USS Indianapolis was what kind of ship? Cruiser or heavy cruiser *** 11- Green Bay Packers. Eating sausage and listening/dancing to Cajun music. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Remembering the Acadians”, July 2005. 12- I-95. It is believed that I-95 is the busiest Interstate in the United States. The Santa Monica Freeway (I - 10) is the busiest small stretch of Interstate in the U.S., but over all, honors go to I - 95. **** 13- I-75. Cincinnati students, help the Bucs if they stop to “Enquire”. You Blade students in Toledo, keep the Bucs on the correct road. Don’t let them make any sharp turns. Hope all you ENQUIRER students driving I-75 are keeping your eyes on YouBert. 14- I-55
15- Boston(N.E.) Patriots 16. Cape Hatteras is part of the Outer Banks that extend for 30 miles from the North Carolina shore. These shoals and chain of islands are very dangerous to ships. Lighthouses and other offshore lights warn ships away. This is part of Cape Hatteras National Seashore. Dangerous winds, treacherous currents, shallow waters have all combined to cause more than 500 ships to sink here. The ironclad, the Monitor, sank somewhere off Hatteras. A native of the Outer Banks said,
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Answer Key November 23, 2008 - Week #12 "The sea at Hatteras is enigmatic and sometimes seemingly sorcerous, a place where winds and currents stir the ghosts of time." Discuss the Outer Banks being a great vacation destination. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC, “Cape Hatteras Lighthouse Makes Tracks”, May 2000, page 98 Did you get to the Outer Banks this year, Mr. Eck? 17. The Monitor. Is it deja vu or a retroship? ***** They brought the Monitor’s turret to the surface on August 5, 2002. This is a must see site for all history teachers. www.monitor.noaa.gov www.history.navy.mil/index.html http://home.att.net/~iron.clad/2/legacy_of_the_uss_monitor.htm 18. Continental Shelf and Gulf Stream. The warm Gulf Stream makes it possible for palm trees to grow on the southwest coast of England. The palms are small, but they are there. Family discussion- Class discussion, with the price of gasoline should we allow drilling for oil along the outer Continental Shelf? The outcome of the recent election may have a bearing on this question. SGS 19. The panhandles of TX & OK, and the corners of KS, NM, & CO. Helium balloons are now being used to lift heavy loads. In addition to the number of cubic feet to fill a balloon, have students listen or somehow find out about how expensive it has become to fill a balloon. SGS 20. 7_ Arkansas, 2_ Delaware, 1_ Hudson, 4_ Illinois, 5_ Mississippi, 6_ Missouri, 3_ Ohio, 8_ Rio G. 21. As clouds rise and cool to get over the Cascades, they drop their moisture on the west side. The Great Plains are divided into the short grass prairie to the west and the wetter tall grass prairie to the east. Things are drier just east of a mountain because of the rain shadow. ****** SGS You students in Kansas know about the Tall Grass Prairie around Emporia. Any of you KC STAR students in Overland Park ever play in Tallgrass Creek? NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “Tallgrass Prairie”, April 2007, pages 120- 141 NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, “The American Prairie--Roots of the Sky”, October 1993, pages 90-117. Great map of grasslands on page 100. www.nps.gov/tapr is tallgrass prairie. SPOKESMAN-REVIEW students, how much devastation had the pine beetle done to your trees? 22. This land is between what lakes? Kentucky Lake and Lake Barkley The Tennessee River was dammed to form Kentucky Lake. The Cumberland River was dammed to form Lake Barkley. Point out that at this point these rivers flow north, different than most rivers of the United States.
* Have two or three students search the websites for Route 66 and compile a list of a few interesting, educational or quirky places along Route 66 from Chicago to Los Angeles. For example, the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Wigwam Motel in Holbrook, AZ
Indianapolis had delivered the first components of the atomic bomb before being sunk by the Japanese. continued 42
Answer Key November 23, 2008 - Week #12 **** There are about 46,726 miles of interstate highway in the United States. They are America's circulatory system, the modern Main Street. How do you remember how mile-markers count on Interstate highways? The sun comes UP in the east and goes DOWN in the west. Markers count mileage UP as you travel east, and DOWN as you travel west. On a map, north is always UP and south is always DOWN. Mile-markers count UP as you travel north, & DOWN as you go south. ***** On July 4, 2000, the Navy announced the development of a new generation of destroyers, the DD-21. Thirty-two are to be built, and the first three are to be delivered in 2010. “In appearance, it hearkens back to the USS Monitor--the ironclad ‘cheesebox on a raft’ of the Civil War.” History teachers--see NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC magazine, July 2002, pages 82-101, on raising the H.L. Hunley,(Secret Weapon of the Confederacy), a submarine used during the Civil War. www.nationalgeographic.com/ngm/0207 Speaking of submarines, you PROVIDENCE JOURNAL students let Ms. Gunther-Rosenburg know the latest on raising the 282-foot floating Russian Sub Museum that sank in your river in 2007. In July 2008, divers said they had safety concerns and some additional equipment needed to be installed. If you inform Ms. Gunther-Rosenburg, she will tell all Pigskin Geography people. ****** The Olympic Mountains, on the western peninsula of Washington, are not very high, but they rise almost from the water’s edge and intercept moisture-rich air masses that move in from the Pacific. As the air is forced over the mountains, it cools and releases moisture in the form of rain or snow in a process called adiabatic cooling. The mountains wring precipitation out of the air so effectively that areas on the northeast corner of the peninsula experience a rain shadow and get very little rain. The town of Sequim gets only 17 inches a year. Twelve miles from Forks on the western side of the peninsula is the Hoh Rain Forest, and this rain forest receives 140 inches of rainfall a year. Sequim and Forks are about 70 miles apart. The Great Plains has short grass, mid-grass and tall grass prairies. Climatologists usually consider the line of 100 degrees W. longitude to be the mid-point between the short grass to the west and the tall grass to the east. Death Valley is in a rain shadow, too. 
On November 18th, Mickey Mouse had his 80th birthday NEXT WEEK: “Filadelphia” at “Foenix”. An ornithologist is a bird lover State capitals named after presidents Madison, WI, is on an isthmus Baltimore & Ohio Railroad – Chesapeake & Ohio Canal Samuel Clemens, A.K.A., Mark Twain and the Mississippi River Charles Schulz born in Minneapolis, MN Neil Armstrong born in Wapakoneta, OH Atchafalaya Swamp in Louisiana Sonoran Desert of Arizona and Imperial Valley of California Hells Canyon carved by the Snake River on the Oregon-Idaho border 43
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