Thelen: So that would have been the theme, not the theme, but the effect.
Charles: The goal.
Thelen: The goal.
Charles: Yes, I would say. There were some wonderful newspaper articles when it first came out to that effect, that Dallas can talk about it. If you cannot talk about it yourself, you now have a place you can take somebody to.
Thelen: That is pretty inspiring.
Charles: That it really affected a city, affected a town. I mean it was - there has been a lot written about it. I have a couple of drawers of articles on it. They did two days of press stuff. One day for the newspaper, written press one day, for media. They were very conscious of trying to allow the press media to see it without other cameras all in their faces and dealing with that.
The Sixth Floor people are interviewing people not only who worked on the project, I mean who were involved with the event, but also people who worked on the project. Conover was brilliant with the conspiracy people because the conspiracy people had expertise. Some of them specialized in still photographs, some specialize in video, some specialized in the boxes at the windows, so she knew who they all were. The guy who actually was one of the best on the video has been hired for the Sixth Floor, he had been there many years now, he is the curator. He was an advisor to us about how to get the best quality for the video pieces.
The box guy, there are so many photos of that corner window, the boxes are in all different places. You can imagine the police coming in, pulling the boxes apart, looking for evidence, the press putting the boxes back, taking pictures. There are a lot of photographs, so this guy has made a specialty of analyzing the boxes. We got copies of the boxes, we went down to National Archives and got Xerox copies of the boxes. We got new boxes made with all the right markings on them to give him the boxes to put back there.
I was - Conover had a dinner because she is very good at having dinner. She had one dinner when some of us were in town and she invited some of her key advisors who were some of the conspiracy people and theorists and so on. I was late, it was an icy day, I was coming up from Waco. I walk in, drinks are in the kitchen go in the kitchen. I go get a drink, here are these people talking and I am kind of listening and they are arguing. I said, “is there anything that you all agree on.” One of them looks at me and says, “some of us agree that Kennedy is dead.” [ laughter] It is just a great, we are proud of a lot of projects, but this one is pretty high up.
Thelen: Partly because it allowed the city to comes to terms with this, basically. It accomplished its number one goal.
Charles: It really accomplished its goal. People have responded incredibly to it. It has a simplicity to it, it is not overdesigned, I think is important to us. It is graphically well done. It is just a good job kind of thing.
Thelen: It is still there, there are other ones that are not still there. I guess that that is just what you do.
Charles: You know people who are actors or performers, if they are in film the film is there, but if they are on stage, it is not there anymore. I remember seeing Ethel Merman in Get Your Gun, but that is a memory. [creaking door]
Thelen: Do you take pictures of an exhibit?
Charles: We have a lot of pictures. We are not as systematic about it as we should be, particularly if it is farther out of town, so we do not get back. You cannot photograph at the openings obviously and just before the openings we are still busy. We do try to take pictures and that will be part of the archives going, I have to get them all numbered and so on. One of the problems now is so many of our projects the pictures are all slides and they have not been converted. The only ones that have been converted are if I needed them for our proposal booklet. We are not as good as we should be about it. We have pretty good ones of Monticello now and we probably should go back and get some more.
Thelen: When you say should be, why should be?
Charles: If nothing else, it is important for marketing to have decent pictures. It is very important and that is the digital problem now. If there is something we want to show somebody, but I have to get this proposal out tonight. I have not learned yet how to convert slides. We sent a bunch out to be done once, they were not done well, so I want to get a digital converter. I think it is important to document. We talked earlier about Charles being so fanatical about photography, we are not fanatical at that level. Photos in a sense and these notebooks are the only record when it is all gone.
Thelen: Do you refer back to any of these things? How did we solve this problem? Do you remember how wide it was, it was four and a half or six or whatever.
Charles: Oh yes.
Thelen: So this is a working…
Charles: Archives.
Thelen: What is an archive is also a working.
Charles: I am a little concerned about what happens when - like Franklin we still refer to. I got a call the other day, I heard there was a cool device and so I was trying to look up that drawing. What happens when it is at AU and not here? But there are a lot of the projects where the pictures are adequate or what we have got is adequate or I can go back to AU I guess if I have to at some point.
Thelen: A metro ride away.
Charles: We consciously made two full closeout notebooks of Monticello Visitors’ Center because at that point we were beginning to look for a place for the archives and I thought that is an ongoing client. I do need those. We do have one drawer where I pulled this out of which Bob has always called projects that are still standing so that they were quickly available. Some people never call us.
Thelen: What do you mean?
Charles: Never call us back. You know something has to be done on some of these exhibits, but they will never call. The Sixth Floor always has been good. In fact their registrar came here this spring. I said to her, “you know these are all going over to AU” and she said, “well I am definitely coming before that.”
She went through - we had consciously - it may have been one of the early projects that we consciously gave the client a good set of material, I thought she had everything. It turns out we had done four smaller exhibits here afterwards and it turned out that she did not have any of those records, so we had not been good about sending those, so we made drawings and sent that to her. We also sent her three of the notebooks and she is supposed to be copying them and I said they had to be back by this summer, but it was the notebooks that said what colors things should be and things like that. Monticello on the other hand, they are putting one little case in the exhibit, how high should it be, what should it be, which is great. It is a reason I was worried about the archives, it is a whole career that could just vanish.
Thelen: Well, it will not be.
Charles: Which is great.
Thelen: Which is great. I did want to talk about travelling exhibits. I think that that was something Bob also wanted to talk about.
Charles: Yes, I will get Bob back.
Charles: I had another question, we talked about who you are looking for, who you look forward to working with, but there are also the times when they are not successful. They kind of illustrate the other half of your experience of work where it does not go so well. Could you give a couple of examples of that? You mentioned the Indian Museum for instance.
Charles: The biggie, the Indian Museum is probably the biggest. We also worked on Science in American Life at the Museum of American History that we were terminated for government convenience. That was actually - that one the project manager Claudin, I will have to look up Claudin’s last name, she was terrific. She was very aware it was not working, we were very aware it was not working and we actually had gone into the meeting with a resignation letter and she said, “let us make this for government convenience.”
There are whole legal reasons, either you can be fired for not fulfilling your contract, which is a real disastrous thing to happen because it has all kinds of legal implications and financial ones, et cetera, et cetera. On the other hand, if you are fired for government convenience, I mean the government rightfully can stop any project. I mean if there are reasons not to go ahead with a project, they have to contractual have a reason to be able, I mean or an ability to stop a project. Maybe they do not have funding, maybe the building just burned down. There can be all kinds of reasons that have nothing to do with competence. In this case, we just were, our vision and other people’s vision was, this is the Science in American Life, just was clashing, it was clear it was clashing.
Thelen: Was that the problem, the problem was there was just disagreement.
Charles: We seemed to be unable to come up with a design approach that others were happy with. It would be very interesting to hear Pete Daniels take because he was one of the curators on this. One that I was in some ways clashing with a little bit. He was not certainly the major clash.
Thelen: Do you recall what dimension, was it aesthetic?
Charles: Some of it was aesthetic. It was also - there was a guy, Mike Corrigan who was the head of exhibits. He did not like our design approach. We looked at this, we thought it was about science and that we should use primary colors, we should use like lab materials. We were trying to make it feel like a science lab when you went in and he did not like that at all and why were we not using natural wood and so on. Bob said, “what do you want a California fern bar?” [laughter]
Clearly a different vision of what this whole show should even look like. We were on it for six months maybe. Simultaneously we were working on the Seville World’s Fair which we had to get a whole exhibit built. We started in November, it had to be on a ship in February and it had to open at Easter. We parted ways in March on Science in American Life. I had shingles during this. They stopped when we parted with Science in American Life even though we still had to get Seville open so you kind of know which one was doing it. A much smaller one, I mean this happens to everybody, we have taken over jobs from other people.
Thelen: Is there something to learn from that? Was it just, okay this is not working, bring on the next one or do you say, hum we should never have pushed primary colors or we should listen to curators better? Or oh, damn. How do you take that on board?
Charles: I think it is a serious question. These big shows are often by committee. In this case different curators had different bailiwicks. DeeDee was on it, DeeDee Hillkey was also part of this, there is a big educational team, there is us, there is the head of exhibits with his aesthetic vision. That may have been an example that just so many players it is very hard to come to a cohesive vision. It was at the height of all these discussions about making teams and developing everything by teams. I think that can be very problematic. I think a show has to have a clear vision. It does not mean it has to be one person’s vision, but somehow a vision has to coalesce, it coalesced at the Sixth Floor, it coalesced at Monticello. It just was not going there.
Thelen: You knew that.
Charles: We were very aware of it - that we just, we could not, we certainly were not the force that had the ability to make this. However hard we tried we could not make this show take shape that made any sense to us. It is better to let somebody else have a stab at it. I think at Longwood Gardens we took over a little project, someplace we took over a little project from Jeria Finguysmar and then we were fired too. Some of these projects, I think sometimes it takes several iterations for maybe even the client to figure out what they want.
Thelen: Do you think that is part of it?
Charles: Sure. I have some idea that may or may not be feasible. So that that can be part of it. It can be - you can have a designer-client clash, whose vision are we dealing with here? Which vision is viable if they are not coming together. Clearly in the end the client is still going to be the client so the designer or the guest curator or somebody else is going to go by the wayside. It is not pleasant when it happens, it is particularly unpleasant when it is a major show, like the Museum of the American Indian.
I mean it is not only not pleasant, it is financially a disaster, particularly for a little firm like us. Now you have a very major project that you are kind of counting on this income and you have not sought any other projects and all of a sudden on Friday you find out that you do not have a job anymore. Not only do you not have a job, but you have to do accounting for the last six months to justify whatever you may have been paid. Come to some agreement, you have to pay some lawyers and get it all settled out. It is not something to encourage, but on American Indian I would get so frustrated I would just go out and walk by the river for an hour or two.
Thelen: What were the frustrations?
Charles: I think that it is fairly well known, at least on those who were working there, that the curatorial department under Bruce Burnstein and the exhibits department under Jim Vulker were clashing and not seeing eye to eye. We were caught between their visions. Also whereas all the literature when we applied for the job was that you are a key member of the team this is what we are going to do and so on. I felt that as the designer I had certainly things that I thought were important to try to express or say what we thought worked or could not work and so on. The curators basically disagreed with me. We could not come to a consensus as to what could work on things. I am not a wallflower. I am unlikely to just say that is fine, whatever you want, we will just do it, we will just physically solve it even though intellectually it does not make any sense to us.
Thelen: You do not do that?
Charles: I cannot do that.
Staples: That is it, snapshot of the IBM.
Charles: Oh, that is Computer Perspective. We saw that in the book too, we looked at the end pages in the book too.
Thelen: We were talking about the challenges in your work of getting fired to put it bluntly. We were talking about how things do work.
Staples: We always have a parachute on our back, so we can jump out of a project.
Thelen: Have you ever fired a client? Do you ever initiate the conversation?
Charles: We are now with the National Constitution Center.
Staples: I think we fired the science project.
Charles: Well I said that we had a letter in our project and Claudin helped negotiate the government ending it.
Staples: Our director of the museum looks at the drawings that we had presented and said they look too scientific and you are doing a scientific show, I think there is no way we can work with that dumb dumb.
[laughter]
Thelen: Barbara quoted your comment about the colors, what is California what?
Charles: I think you said to him, “what do you want a California fern bar?”
Thelen: Technically maybe you did not fire them.
Staples: There was obviously a fork in the road right there.
Thelen: Let us talk about the Constitution Center.
Staples: Because that is more relevant.
Thelen: You are dealing with it right now. Is this enough to say we do not want to do this anymore? How much should we insist on this.
Charles: The Constitution Center is an interesting project and obviously these tapes will not be released for a while.
Staples: The Constitution Center is a little bit like this. [background noise] We are here and they are there. If we should get another project, this can do this, but one of the things for survival.
Thelen: There is some water in that other one.
Staples: You have to do this. So you do not want to get too far from that.
Thelen: I can imagine that, you are depending on income.
Charles: Let us back up. With the opening of Monticello, with the opening of Detroit, since then in the museum world, things have been tough, at least for us. In the fall of 2009 I was very flattered to receive a call from Steve Frank who said they have been working on this idea for an exhibition about the Civil War, but really about Civil War one fifty, the war is not, unfinished business, the Lincoln quote, making it go one hundred and fifty years. He particularly was calling on us because he wanted some designers who would really - he knew we would think about the problem, we would get involved in the subject matter.
I went up to a meeting and Janet Cabien was working with them at the time and a lot of different scholars and so on. I went away and said, “from everything I have heard let me see if I can outline the show.” My outline will be a one line outline, not text outlines, you are trying to see all the little parts. So I tried to do that and came back with some ideas and they liked those ideas. They had a scholar, Matt Pinscer working on it, he is still working on it. I was really beginning to act really as developer of the exhibit as much as designer and they did not have any staff person assigned to the project, which was a problem. I said to them from the beginning, “you need a fulltime person on this.”
And they got a new president. So you had to rejustify the show and Steve Frank’s position has changed and a different person is head of exhibits. We worked last spring with a part-time, I mean a fulltime person from the Constitution Center assigned part-time to this, Maryjay Taylor and we - I looked at different collections, we looked at collections and we got a certain way by July last summer. Then it was put on hold with all the changes happening at the museum. well, we had time last summer, but we had other projects starting this winter and we had our house to get on the market and we got this office to move and we have an archives to move, so AU came in, so different things started coming in. Plus Missouri was going to start in January, Missouri Historical Society and Monticello got their NEH grant and Montpellier got their NEH grant.
The time that we really had to move this forward was last summer and last fall before everything else started happening, but it did not move forward until beginning about this March. They have now hired a fulltime person, two fulltime people on the project as of May. We just had kind of - it is a very interesting project, but looking at everything else on our plate, it is the one that now particularly that they have fulltime staff - and I like Erin a lot, I think she is really good. We cannot do everything and that seemed to be the one that was the most problematic. Both time wise because it had slipped so badly, but also maybe harder to pull off.
There are these other projects that you have at least some feeling that you have some traction with, that you can get them going. I said that we could go back on the design after August 15th, which would be after Missouri Historical society. The other issue NEH had is that they had funding to be spent right now. I could not - we could not put enough time in it and deliver what they were asking for in this compressed timeframe, since we had lost all last fall and summer. I tried to send the letter. They said, “oh Barbara sent us a Dear John letter.” They have been very understanding, I think, at least to me. I tried to send the letter in a timely enough manner that I felt that they could move forward with the funding issues they had and so forth, so in May I sent a letter.
Thelen: Can we go back to the Indians for a second? So they had kind of a distinctive approach to curators, using people that who were on reservations, teachers, auto mechanics and so on. Did that, was that…
Charles: That was fabulous, I loved that.
Thelen: I mean frankly I did too.
Charles: No, I mean I loved working with them. I was - one of the ways they would work once they identified teams, I mean we had like twelve or - first we worked Craig Howe, did you ever meet him? He had been at the Newbury, he was brought in to be, he is Sioux, to be, I think he is a trained architect actually. He was the curator for our peoples, which was the gallery we were working on.
Thelen: The upstairs one? The one with the pods?
Staples: Second floor.
Charles: Yes, it has pods and now the gold right through the middle, gold and guns right through the middle.
Thelen: What is the one with each of the tribes, Sioux, I thought that was the top floor.
Charles: That is probably our peoples. They all are done in pods like that because they worked with community groups throughout. The first one is Our Universe, they have the little theater you sit in, the object theater. Then you go to Our Universe which is about world views.
Thelen: We believe the sun rises here and beaver does that.
Charles: The second one is Our Peoples, which is the histories of different tribal groups. The third one on the top floor is our Lives which is more about Indian life today, contemporary Indian life today.
Thelen: And the one we are talking about, okay you go ahead.
Charles: Ours is our Peoples, the middle one, the history one, potentially the one most fraught with issues. I think in part we were chosen for that because we are known to do history stuff. We had actually competed to work on the overall vision of the museum and I think we were the runner up on that. I had been tracking this collection. I saw it in New York as a kid. Docksteader came to our house when I was a kid and told me stories. I remember pieces from the museum in New York. The minute it was the idea that the collection is going to come here. I mean I have a file of newspapers clippings following this project and really hoping to get involved. So it was really exciting to be selected for it.
We worked with Craig to work out this idea that this is like a river and we are going to stop at different places along this river. The museum picked different groups for balance, I mean North America, South America, but also groups that they had good relationships with, that was one of the key issues is that they had to have partners that would work with them.
We worked, I am thinking of the groups that I actually talked with people, we would have long phone conversations. These groups had come to the museum to help pick out artifacts. Some of those had happened before we got going - I think that I did meet one group in Washington when they came. Then we would have phone conversations, we would send drawings, send outlines. They would interview them, they would go out and interview them, then we would have phone discussions with them. So we did phone discussions with Kiowa, the Blackfeet, the Eastern Cherokee, the Apache, the Otomamoto, is that what they are called? They are down on the Arizona-Mexico border. I think the Seminoles, at least six, I am not sure about some of the other ones, but we worked layouts for some of the others. Some were sort of in advance of others.
Then the plan was that we would go out to the reservations to present their area. We did, we were supposed to go out to Blackfeet. Then I think that they were beginning to get nervous about us or something. Anyway the Blackfeet trip was cancelled, but we did go. Then after that we developed, I went but we developed the whole idea for the Kiowa and we had a huge meeting with everybody, “is everybody at the museum comfortable with Kiowa presentation, yes we are comfortable.” We did blow up some text. So I went out with the curators to Kiowa. I thought that the meeting went great. I found it fascinating, talked with people. I tried to get other design ideas, et cetera. I found out later that the museum had a meeting afterwards, a debriefing meeting to which we were not invited.
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