Themes of the American Civil War
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| Valley Historical Review 48 (1961), pp. 197–210, and Stanley Engerman, The Economic Impact of the Civil War Explorations in Economic History III (1966), pp. 176–99. Both these essays were reprinted in Ralph Andreano, ed, The Economic Impact of the Civil War, 2nd. edn. (Cambridge, MA, 1967), which contains many other valuable contributions, some of which are cited below. Special mention should be made, however, of an essay original to that volume by Stephen Salsbury, The Effect of the Civil War on American Industrial Development pp. 180–7, which seeks to rehabilitate the Beard–Hacker thesis and defend it from the damaging criticisms of Cochran, Engerman, and others. In this connection see also Harry N. Scheiber, Economic Change in the Civil War Era An Analysis of Recent Studies Civil War History 11 (1965), pp. 396–411. Some of the older economic histories, which contain chapters on the Civil War, are still valuable, such as Harold U. Faulkner, American Economic History, 8th edn. (New York, 1960), and Reginald C. McGrane, The Economic Development of the American Nation (Boston, MA, 1950). One should also refer to more general works by economic historians, some of which include important observations about the Civil War, such as Robert Fogel, Without Consent or Contract, 4 vols (New York, 1989–92), and Roger L. Ransom, Conflict and Compromise The Political Economy of Slavery, Emancipation, and the American Civil War (New York, 1989), which contains an excellent discussion of this topic, pp. It is probably fair to say that these distinctions have not always been fully taken into account by historians. See, however, Salsbury, Effect of the Civil War in Andreano, Economic Impact of the Civil War, pp. This is the more widely accepted view of the Old South. It received classic expression in Robert Fogel and Stanley Engerman, Time on the Cross (Boston, MA, This view is to be found in the works of Eugene D. Genovese, especially The Political Economy of Slavery Studies in the Economy and Society of the Slave South (New York, 1967). It is also found in John Ashworth, Slavery, Capitalism and Politics in the Antebellum Republic I, Commerce and Compromise, 1820–1850 (Cambridge, Beards, Rise of American Civilization II, p. 105 On the Confederacy see E. Merton Coulter, The Confederate States of America, 1861–1865 (Baton Rouge, LA, 1950), Emory M. Thomas, The Confederate Nation, 1861–1865 (New York, and the excellent essay in William L. Barney, Flawed Victory A New Perspective on the Civil War (Lanham, MD, 1980), pp. 81–120, which is equally valuable on the North during the war. 7. For the topics covered in this and the next paragraph see Eugene M. Lerner, The Monetary and Fiscal Programs of the Confederate Government, 1861–1865,” Journal of Political Economy 180 • John Ashworth 62 (1954), pp. 506–22; Lerner, Money, Wages, and Prices in the Confederacy Journal of Political Economy 63 (1955), pp. 20–40, repr. in Andreano, Economic Impact of the Civil War, pp. 31–60. An older work is John C. Schwab, The Confederate States of America A Financial and Industrial History of the South during the Civil War (New York, 1901), which is not fully superseded by Richard C. Todd, Confederate Finance (Athens, GA, 1954). On the blockade and its effects see William M. Robinson, Jr, The Confederate Privateers (New Haven, CT. James L. Sellers, Economic Incidence of the Civil War in the South Mississippi Valley Historical Review 14 (1927), pp. 179–91, is a valuable article, reprinted in Andreano, Economic Impact of Civil War, pp. 98–108. 8. Engerman, Economic Impact in Andreano, Economic Impact of the Civil War, p. 180; Jeremy Atack and Peter Passell, A New Economic View of American History, 2nd. edn. (New York, 1994), pp. 373–4; Eugene Lerner, Southern Output and Agricultural Income Agricultural History 30 (1959), pp. 117–25, reprinted in Andreano, Economic Impact of Civil War, pp. 109–22. 9. Atack and Passell, New Economic View, 373–4, 378; Gavin Wright, Old South, New South: Revolutions in the Southern Economy (New York, 1986); Stephen Decanio, Productivity and Income Distribution in the Postbellum South Journal of Economic History 34 (pp. On economic conditions in the postbellum South see, in addition to works already cited, three by Roger Ransom and Richard Sutch: Debt Peonage in the Cotton South after the Civil War,” Journal of Economic History 32 (1972), pp. 641–67, The Impact of the Civil War and of Emancipation on Southern Agriculture Explorations in Economic History 12 (1975), pp. 1–28, and One Kind of Freedom The Economic Consequences of Emancipation (Cambridge, 1977). 11. Atack and Passell, New Economic View, p. 497; Wesley C. Mitchell, Gold, Prices, and Wages under the Greenback Standard (Berkeley, CA, 1908); pp. 4, 279; Reuben A. Kessel and Armen A. Alchian, Real Wages in the North during the Civil War Mitchell’s Data Reinterpreted,” Journal of Law and Economics 2 (1959), pp. 95–113, repr. in Andreano, Economic Impact of the Civil War, pp. 11–30 ; Faulkner, American Economic History, p. 451; Philip S. Foner, History of the Labor Movement in the United States I (New York, 1947); Clarence D. Long, Wages and Earnings in the United States, 1860–1890 (Princeton, NJ, 1960); Engerman, “Economic Impact,” in Andreano, Economic Impact of Civil War, p. For the material in this and the following paragraphs see Lance Davis, Capital Immobilities and Finance Capitalism A Study of Economic Evolution in the United States, 1820–1920,” Explorations in Economic History 1 (1963), pp. 88–105; Bray Hammond, Sovereignty and an Empty Purse Banks and Politics in the Civil War (Princeton, NJ, 1970); Paul Studenski and Herman Krooss, A Financial History of the United States (New York, Wesley C. Mitchell, A History of the Greenback (Chicago, 1903), repr. in Andreano, Economic Impact of the Civil War, pp. Leonard P. Curry, Blueprint for Modern America Nonmilitary Legislation of the First Civil War Congress (Nashville, TN, 1968), pp. ED. Fite, Social and Industrial Conditions in the North during the Civil War (New York, George W. Smith and Charles Judah, eds, Life in the North during the Civil War (Albuquerque, NM, 1966); Barney, Flawed Victory, pp. 158–94; J. Mathew Gallman, The North fights the Civil War The Home Front (Chicago, 1994), pp. 92–108. Some support for the Beard–Hacker thesis is provided in Jeffrey Williamson, Watersheds and Turning Points Conjectures on the Long Term Impact of Civil War Financing Journal of Economic History 34 (1974), pp. 631–61. Williamson argues that the tariff allowed retirement of the federal debt and stimulated investment. On Northern agriculture see Wayne D. Rasmussen, The Civil War: A Catalyst of Agricultural Revolution Agricultural History 39 (1965), pp. 187–95, repr. in Andreano, Economic Impact of the Civil War, pp. Paul H. Giddens, The Birth of the Oil Industry (New York, Beards, Rise of American Civilization II, pp. 53–4 ; Thomas Cochran, Did the Civil War retard Industrialization?” in Andreano, Economic Impact of the Civil War, pp. 167–79. 18. Atack and Passell, New Economic View, pp. 363–4, 373. 19. Atack and Passell, New Economic View, pp. 363–74; Engerman, Economic Impact p. 192. 20. Engerman, Economic Impact pp. 190–1; Ransom, Conflict and Compromise, pp. Charles Post, The American Road to Capitalism New Left Review 133 (1982), pp. Capitalism and the Civil War • 181 esp. p. 37; Saul Engelbourg, The Economic Impact of the Civil War on Manufacturing Enterprises,” Business History 20 (1979), pp. This is a tendency prominent within certain strains of Marxist writing and also within many of Beard’s writings. 23. Roy F. Basler, ed, The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, 8 vols (New Brunswick, NJ) IV, pp. 426, 438; III, pp. 478–9; Basler, Supplement to the Collected Works of Lincoln (Westport, CT, 1974), pp. 43–4. See also Collected Works of Lincoln II, pp. 240, 364, 438; III, pp. 24, 459, 462; IV, pp. 240; VII, pp. 512, 528. On Republican ideology see Eric Foner, Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War (New York, 1970), and John Ashworth, Free Labor, Wage Labor, and the Slave Power: Republicanism and the Republican Party in the sin Melvyn Stokes and Stephen Conway, eds, The Market Revolution in America Social, Political, and Religious Expressions, 1800–1880 (Charlottesville, VA, 1996), pp. 128–46. Download 2.25 Mb. Share with your friends:
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