African American Leaders
|
|
Time Period
|
Message
|
Supporters/Represented
|
Methods
|
Significance
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Frederick Douglas
|
1838-1880
|
|
Anti-Slavery Societies
American Slaves
|
Speeches, Writings,
Public Appearances
|
Most important black Abolitionist leader
|
Booker T. Washington
|
1880-1915
|
Accept Social & Political Inequality in exchange for economic equality.
|
Rural Southern Blacks
Wealthy, white Industrialists
|
Speeches, Writings, Public Appearances
|
Raised money for black schools in the south
|
WEB du Bois
|
1900-1950
|
Talented 10th must lead fight for Equality
Must have political & social equality to achieve economic equality
|
Intellectuals
Urban Northern Blacks
White Progressives
|
Speeches, Writings, Public Appearances
NAACP
|
Challenged B.T. Washington
Founded NAACP
|
Marcus Garvey
|
1920’s
|
Black Self-sufficiency
Opposed Integration
Expand black economic power by owning businesses
|
Urban Northern Blacks
|
Speeches, Writings, Public Appearances
Create economic and cultural ties to Africa
|
Formed Black Star Shipping Line
|
Martin Luther King
|
1954-1968
|
Non-violent Civil Disobedience
Jim Crow must end
Arouse white sense of justice
|
Southern Church-going Communities
White Northern Liberals
All Religious Groups
|
Speeches, Writings, Public Appearances,
Demonstrations
|
Responsible for passage of Civil Rights Act of 1964 & Voting Rights Act of 1965
|
Malcom X
|
1960-1965
|
Violence justified when used for Self-Defense
|
Northern Urban Black Youth
|
Speeches, Writings, Public Appearances
Militant Speeches,
Confrontations with white establishment
|
Spoke for the frustrations of Black Ghetto and attacked de facto racism in the north
|