Тема: Экология. Защита окружающей среды

15. Тема: Экология. Защита окружающей среды.

harmony — гармония

environment — окружающая среда

riches — богатства

unlimited — неограниченный

to interfere — вмешиваться

to increase — увеличиваться, возрастать

smoky — дымный

enterprises — предприятия

by-product — побочный продукт

activity — деятельность

to pollute — загрязнять

substances — вещества

oxigen — кислород

rare — редкий

destruction — разрушение

ozone — озон

layer — слой

interaction — взаимодействие

horrible — ужасный

disaster — катастрофа

to befall — пасть (на что-то)

environmental pollution —загрязнение окружающей среды

uncrowded — слабонаселенный

rural— сельскохозяйственный

pollution-causing — вызывающий загрязнение

crowded — густонаселенный

pollutants — отходы

invention — изображение

soil — грунт, земля

existence — существование

goods — товары

fertilizer — удобрение

pesticide — пестицид

to grow — выращивать

crops — сельскохозяйственные культуры

to ruin — портить

immediately — сразу, немедленно

to reduce — уменьшить

gradually — постепенно

to pass a law — принять закон

enterprise — предприятие

to take measures — принять меры

to persuade — убедить

activity — деятельность

overpopulation — перенаселение

to grow (past grew, p.p. grown) — расти, увеличиваться

steadily — неуклонно, постоянно

to increase — возрастать, увеличивать(ся); расти

rate — темп; скорость

to believe — верить

natural resources — природные ресурсы

to raise — повышать, увеличивать

to get out of hand — выйти из-под контроля

to consume — съедать, поглощать (о еде); потреблять

electricity — электричество

environment — окружение, окружающая среда

to degrade — деградировать, ухудшаться, портиться, приходить в упадок

violence — жестокость, насилие

pollution — загрязнение

coral reef — коралловый риф

huge — большой, гигантский, громадный, огромный

infrastructure — инфраструктура

nutrient — питательный

to prohibit — запрещать

urgently — срочно

abortion — искусственный аборт

to remain — оставаться

to double — удваивать
2. Тексты для чтения:
Текст 1.ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
Since ancient times Nature has served Man, being the source of his life. For thousands of years people lived in harmony with environment and it seemed to them that natural riches were unlimited. But with the development of civilization man’s interference in nature began to increase.

Large cities with thousands of smoky industrial enterprises appear all over the world today. The by-products of their activity pollute the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we grow grain and vegetables on.

Every year world industry pollutes the atmosphere with about 1000 million tons of dust and other harmful substances. Many cities suffer from smog. Vast forests are cut and burn in fire. Their disappearance upsets the oxygen balance. As a result some rare species of animals, birds, fish and plants disappear forever, a number of rivers and lakes dry up.

The pollution of air and the world’s ocean, destruction of the ozone layer is the result of man’s careless interaction with nature, a sign of the ecological crises.

The most horrible ecological disaster befell Ukraine and its people after the Chernobyl tragedy in April 1986. About 18 percent of the territory of Byelarus were also polluted with radioactive substances. A great damage has been done to the agriculture, forests and people’s health. The consequences of this explosion at the atomic power-station are tragic for the Ukrainian, Byelarussian and other nations.

Environmental protection is of a universal concern. That is why serious measures to create a system of ecological security should be taken.

Some progress has been already made in this direction. As many as 159 countries — members of the UNO — have set up environmental protection agencies. Numerous conferences have been held by these agencies to discuss problems facing ecologically poor regions including the Aral Sea, the South Urals, Kuzbass, Donbass, Semipalatinsk and Chernobyl. An international environmental research centre has been set up on Lake Baikal. The international organisation Greenpeace is also doing much to preserve the environment.

But these are only the initial steps and they must be carried onward to protect nature, to save life on the planet not only for the sake of the present but also for the future generations.

2.What cities appear all over the world today?

3.What pollutes the air we breathe?

4.What is the result of the pollution the atmosphere?

5.Why is environmental protection of a universal concern?

6.What are the initial steps in this direction?

Air, water, and soil are necessary for existence of all living things. But polluted air can cause illness, and even death. Polluted water kills fish and other marine life. On polluted soil, food can not be grown. In addition environmental pollution spoils the natural beauty of our planet.

Pollution is as complicated as serious problem. Automobiles are polluting the air but they provide transportation for the people. Factories pollute the air and the water but they provide jobs for people and produce necessary goods. Fertilizers and pesticides are important for growing crops but they can ruin soil.

Thus, people would have to stop using many useful things if they wanted to end pollution immediately. Most people do not want that of course. But pollution can be reduced gradually. Scientists and engineers can find the ways to reduce pollution from automobiles and factories. Government can pass the laws that would make enterprises take measures for reducing of pollution. Individuals and groups of people can work together to persuade enterprises to stop polluting activities.

 

5. Ответить на вопросы.
1. Why wasn’t pollution such a serious problem earlier?

2. When have people become alarmed with the danger of pollution?

3. What can environmental pollution cause?

4. Why is pollution a complicated problem?

5. Can pollution be stopped immediately?

6. What can, government and individuals do to reduce pollution?

The Earth has certain limitations and in particular, there are limits to growth of things that consume the Earth resources.

Many people believe that these resources, both the Earth and the human intellect are endless and population growth can continue and that there is no danger that we will ever run out of anything. Yet, many people had predicted catastrophic shortages of natural resources that would follow, because of continued population growth. Countries try not to raise this subject to the рublіс much, because they do not want to raise panic.

Nowadays they have to do something about it before it gets out of hand. They try to censor it and sometimes lie. Do you know that the USA itself consumes 50 per cent of all electricity produced on the Earth? The population of the USA is just around 285 millions people. It is an interesting fact.

Overpopulation is like a big magnifying glass making lit-, tie problems into big ones.

Overpopulation is destroying our environment, lowering the standard of living, and generally degrading the quality of life.

Overpopulation also causes more violence, environmental pollution that reflects on land degradation, tropical forest destruction, global warming and destruction of coral reefs. 6 billion member society has to get a huge food infrastructure, so society start producing genetically made food, which is cheaper than ordinary one but might reflect in the nutrient balance. For example, in China it is prohibited to have more than one child for a couple. There is a very dangerous situation in India. By the year 2025 its population might reach 1.5 billion people.

The planet urgently needs population control. Birth control, abortion and quotas need to be supported, if the planet is to remain habitable in the long term.

Every second five people are born and two people die, so there is a gain of three people. At this rate, the world population is doubling every 40 years and would be: 12 billions in 40 years, 24 billions in 80 years and 48 billions in 120 years. But the Earth could provide food only for 20 billions people.

7. Ответить на вопросы.

2. Why is overpopulation an important issue?

3. Does overpopulation hurt our environment?

4. Is it prohibited to have more than three children for a couple in China?

5. How much time does it take to double the Earth’s population?

6. How many people might live in India by the year 2025?

8.Высказать свое мнение об экологической обстановке (используя тексты)

9.Подготовить презентации по темам. (Экологические проблемы мира, экологические проблемы, загрязнение атмосферы, глобальные проблемы экологии)