Учебное пособие может быть использовано при подготовке студентов к промежуточной и итоговой аттестации, а также в процессе их самостоятельной работы по овладению рядом общекультурных

Авторский коллектив:

Контрольные работы по английскому языку:

Рецензент: к.ф.н., доцент М.Н. Черкасова

Научный редактор д-р пед. наук проф. Т. Е. Исаева

Ответственный редактор преп. А. В. Тактарова

путей сообщения, 2010

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

ВВЕДЕНИЕ …………………………………………………………......… Требования, предъявляемые к контрольной работе…………………….. Контрольные работы по английскому языку: Вагоны. Локомотивы. Электрический транспорт железных дорог……. Менеджмент (Управление персоналом)……………………………….… Документоведение и архивоведение…………………………………….. Туризм / Сервис / Социальная работа…………………………………… Экономика и управление на предприятии. (Деловой английский)……………………………………………………………...… Юриспруденция…………………………………………………………… Информационные системы…………………………………………..…… Строительство железных дорог, путь и путевое хозяйство / Строительство……....…………………………………………………...… Для железно-дорожных и инженерных специальностей…………..……

2 4 5 37 64 108 138 148 192 210 230

ТРЕБОВАНИЯ, ПРЕДЪЯВЛЯЕМЫЕ К КОНТРОЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЕ

Каждый вариант контрольной работы состоит из нескольких заданий. Студент должен выполнить один из вариантов контрольного задания в соответствии с последними цифрами студенческого шифра: студенты, шифр которых оканчивается на 1, выполняют вариант № 1, на 2 – вариант № 2 и т. д.

1. Выполнять письменную работу следует в отдельной тетради. На обложке тетради пишется фамилия, инициалы, шифр, адрес, вариант контрольной работы. В конце работы необходимо указать список использованной литературы.

2. Контрольная работа должна быть написана самостоятельно, аккуратным, четким почерком. При выполнении контрольной работы необходимо оставлять в тетради широкие поля для замечаний, объяснений и методических указаний рецензента.

3. Преподаватель, принимающий зачёт (экзамен), оставляет за собой право задать дополнительные или уточняющие вопросы по заданиям, выполненным не в полном объёме или с ошибками, потребовать объяснить позицию автора контрольной работы, если она вызывает сомнения.

КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ

ВАГОНЫ. ЛОКОМОТИВЫ. ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИЙ ТРАНСПОРТ ЖЕЛЕЗНЫХ ДОРОГ

Контрольная работа №1

1. 
   Словообразование – основные словообразовательные суффиксы.
   
2. 
   Видовременные формы глагола в активном залоге.
   
3. 
   Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты.
   
4. 
   Многозначность глаголов “to be”, “to have”.
   

Вариант 1

1. 
   We have been reading the newspaper for two hours.
   
2. 
   They discussed every detail of the building.
   
3. 
   During the last few years we have witnessed remarkable progress in the space research techniques.
   

1. 
   People cannot see well in the evening.
   
2. 
   You may come in and sit down.
   
3. 
   My friend must go to work tomorrow.
   

1. 
   I have good work.
   
2. 
   You were to help me.
   
3. 
   They have already done it.
   

- equal

- presence

- lengthen

- crystallize

- effective

- useful
Задание 5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
HISTORY OF TRANSPORT
Transportation takes us where we want to go, and bring us nearly everything we eat, wear, and use in daily life. Developments in transportation have cut travel time greatly in the past 200 years. In 1800, it often took a businessman a month to travel by sailing ship from London to New York City. Today, he can fly this distance by jet airliner in only few hours.

The airplane has made New York City closer in time to Sydney, Australia, than it was to Montreal, Canada, only a hundred years ago. Americans and Canadians can easily travel to Europe and back on a two week vacation. Modern transportation also makes it possible to travel in comfort. The pioneers jolted westward over rough trails in springless wagons with wooden wheels. Today, tourists ride on raved roads over the same routes in automobiles and buses with wheels that have soft, air-filled tires.

Passengers of the first trains sat on hard wooden seats and often choked in clouds of smoke and dust. Many of today’s trains have soft reclining seats. Air conditioning may keep the air clean and cool, and dining cars serve tasty meals.

Transportation would not be possible without communication. Automobiles and trucks could not travel on crowded streets and highways without street signals and traffic lights. Automatic block signals and other means of communication enable railroads to operate safely. Light houses and radio compasses provide information for ships at sea. Airplanes cannot land and take off safely without radio, radar and other electronic devices.

1. 
   In what way does transportation affect our lives?
   
2. 
   What is the difference between modern travelers and travelers of the previous centuries?
   
3. 
   What means of communication can help transport to operate safely?
   

Вариант 2

1. 
   Considerable changes are currently taking place in the organization of research.
   
2. 
   By the first of September he will have been working at our university for 10 years.
   
3. 
   Many new houses are built in our city.
   

Задание 2. Перепишите следующие предложения, заменив модальные глаголы их эквивалентами.

1. 
   In order to see certain stars we must use a telescope.
   
2. 
   The students must continue the experiment.
   
3. 
   Mercury may receive more heat and light than any other planet.
   

1. 
   The students are at the Institute.
   
2. 
   We had to meet him at the railway station.
   
3. 
   What are you doing now?
   

- strengthen

- breakage

- wonderful

- humanity

- characterize

- happiness

On land, the chief forms of transport are automobiles, railroads, trucks, and pipelines. Railroads haul about half of the freight transported in the world. Trucks carry about a fifth of this freight, and pipelines transport a little less than a fifth. Boats, barges, and airliners transport the remaining freight. Railroads have equal or greater importance in the transportation of freight in Russia, Europe, and other areas. In addition to hauling freight, most railroads provide passenger service between cities and towns. Commuter trains transport thousands of persons daily between their homes in suburban areas and large cities.

Railroads move every type of material, but are best suited to haul great quantities of heavy freight. For this reason, railroads play an important role in transporting coal, iron, ore, grain, timber, and other heavy products. Trains can haul freight cheaply because a single locomotive can pull as many as 200 freight cars.

Trucks cost relatively more than railroads for transportation because, they require more power and more men to move the same amount of freight. But trucks can travel wherever there are roads. Special trucks used in mining, drilling oil wells, and laying pipelines can operate even in areas that lack roads.

1. 
   What are the main kinds of land transport?
   
2. 
   For what kind of freight are railroads suited best of all?
   
3. 
   What are the main disadvantages of air transport?
   

Вариант 3

1. 
   By the first of March you will have been working in our shop for two years.
   
2. 
   Science is becoming a leading factor of progress of mankind.
   
3. 
   The operator will start the engine.
   

1. 
   He may use any transmitter for this system.
   
2. 
   The engineers must investigate new means of radio communication.
   
3. 
   I can do this work just now.
   

1. 
   She has just come by car.
   
2. 
   They were at the conference on Monday.
   
3. 
   He had to make an important decision recently.
   

- valuable

- organize

- dependency

- broaden

- useless

- safety

- different
Задание 5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

PROBLEMS OF TRANSPORTATION

Many problems must be overcome in the task of transporting people and materials from one place to another. Transportation services must be able to operate day and night, the year round, in all kinds of climate and weather. They must be able to operate over mountains and rivers, and through snow and storms.

On land, snow and ice often block railroads and highways. In extreme northerly regions it is difficult to build railroads and highways because the ground stays permanently frozen short distance below the surface. During the summer, the surface of such ground thaws and becomes a muddy bog. In winter, the extremely low temperatures in these areas make steel rails so brittle that they can break easily.

In rainy tropical regions, dense jungles must be cleared before railways and roads can be built. In these regions, railroads must use steel ties and telegraph poles. Wooden poles and ties rot in tropical climates. In desert regions, such as the Sahara and Gobi, and the southwest of the United States, extremely high daytime temperatures cause transportation equipment to overheat and break down. Drifting sands blows into machinery, and may block roads and railway tracks.

1. 
   What are the main problems of land transport in desert regions?
   
2. 
   In what way does the weather influence air transport?
   
3. 
   What are the main problems of transportation in extremely northerly regions?
   

Вариант 4

1. 
   The plan of the building was discussed several times.
   
2. 
   We had been discussing this problem for some time, when you came to the meeting.
   
3. 
   How long does it take you to get home from work?
   

1. 
   The designers can improve the operation of these receivers.
   
2. 
   The students may use all the laboratory equipment.
   
3. 
   He must take part in this work.
   

1. 
   The students have to take five examinations.
   
2. 
   Our institute was founded in 1929.
   
3. 
   I haven’t seen you for ages.
   

- greatness

- atmospheric

- revolutionize

- powerful

- lighten

- dependant

- active
Задание 5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.
FROM THE HISTORY OF RAILWAYS

By the 18^th century workers in several mining areas had discovered that movement of a loaded wagon was easier if its wheels ran on, and were guided by, a crude track of metal plates because friction was thereby reduced. The wagonways served only to move goods from their source to the nearest waterway, then the principal means of bulk transport. The onset of the Industrial Revolution in early 19^th century Europe demanded more efficient means of moviwng raw materials to the new factories and finished goods from them. The solution was pioneered by Richard Trevithick, a Cornish engineer. In 1804 he successfully adapted the steam engine to drive a wheeled locomotive that hauled wagons at the Pen-y-Darren ironworks, South Wales.

The world’s first public steam railway, the Stockton & Darlington in north-east England, engineered by George Stephenson, was opened in 1825. For some years this railway carried only freight, and also made some use of horses. The first public railway to carry both passengers and freight, and to be worked entirely by steam locomotives, was the Liverpool & Manchester, opened in 1830.

The commercial, financial and technical success of the Liverpool & Manchester transformed the concept of a railway, and not only in Britain. Previously regarded as a short –haul medium of primary benefit to mining, it was now seen as capable of revolutionizing long-haul transport, both of passengers and freight. And from the mid-1830s onward inter-city railway construction developed rapidly in Britain and Continental Europe.
Задание 6. Ответьте письменно на вопросы согласно тексту.

1. Who was the pioneer of creation of steam engine on railway?

2. 
   When and where was the first public railway opened?
   
3. 
   Who organized this railway?
   

Вариант 5

1. 
   How long have you been working here?
   
2. 
   The world of physical theory is developing at a very high rate.
   
3. 
   In our experiment we shall apply the latest instruments.
   

1. 
   I must get up early every day.
   
2. 
   The students may conduct experiments in this field of science.
   
3. 
   He can use any transmitter for this system.
   

1. 
   The designer was to use low weight equipment.
   
2. 
   They didn’t have to analyse these data.
   
3. 
   He wasn’t at work yesterday.
   

- widen

- relative

- magnetize

- important

- usage

- activity
Задание 5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

RAILROAD

Later, iron plates were used to protect the wood and around 1800 L-shaped rails came into use for guiding the wagon wheels. These “plate-ways” and “tramways” were also used in South Wales and it was there in 1804 that the Cornish mine owner Richard Trevithick worked on a steam locomotive able to haul a load of 20 tons. With the development of steam engine, the way was open for the start of the railroad age.

1. 
   Where were the first railways used?
   

2. 
   Why did Russia begin rapid construction of railways?
   
3. 
   Who were the pioneers of creation a steam locomotive in Russia?
   

Контрольная работа № 2

1. 
   Словообразование – основные словообразовательные суффиксы.
   
2. 
   Видовременные формы глагола в пассивном залоге.
   
3. 
   Степени сравнения прилагательных.
   

Вариант 1

1. 
   The operation of the receiving station is influenced by a number of factors.
   
2. 
   During the last several years some attempts have been made to classify the elementary particles.
   
3. 
   A conference on those problems is being hold now.
   

1. 
   The policeman fined the driver for exceeding the speed limit.
   
2. 
   The looked for him everywhere.
   
3. 
   They have told us a lot of interesting things.
   

1. 
   The new cinema in our district (big) than the old one.
   
2. 
   The problem is (important) than you think.
   
3. 
   This is (beautiful) view I have ever seen in my life.
   

- magnet

- electric

- achiev(e)

- compress

- doubt

Steam’s demise was signaled in the early 1930s, when the US and German industry almost simultaneously developed high-power diesel engines of a size and weight capable of use in a rail vehicle. By 1958, 90 per cent of the traffic of the principal US railways was hauled over 27,600 diesel locomotives, and only 1,700 steam locomotives were left.

1. 
   What do you know about the disadvantages of steam locomotives?
   
2. 
   What can you say about the advantages of diesel locomotives?
   

Вариант 2

1. 
   Your order will be fulfilled in five days’ time.
   
2. 
   In recent years much of our interest has been centered round the problem of the evolution of the comets.
   
3. 
   The work of Rutherford was followed by great research work of many other scientists.
   

1. 
   I am sure we’ll settle the matter very easily.
   
2. 
   Industrial pollution ruined our city.
   
3. 
   Thousands of people attended this meeting.
   

1. 
   My son is two years (old) than my daughter.
   
2. 
   It was (bad) mistake I’ve ever made.
   
3. 
   The Thames is (short) than the Volga.
   

- spectr(um)

- decis(ion)

- change

Continual advances in the size, power and speed of the steam locomotive in the railway’s first 100 years had their most impressive results in North America. In the 1920s the requirement on some US railways for haulage of 4,000-5,000-tonne freight trains up lengthy grades in mountainous country prompted the development of the articulated steam locomotive. In this type, one long boiler supplied two separate engines that pivoted independently of each other so that the lengthy locomotive could negotiate curves comfortably. The final examples of this type, which with their big multiwheeled tenders carrying coal and water grossed over 500 tones, could sustain an output of 7,000-8,000 hp.

1. 
   What can you say about the railway construction after World War I?
   
2. 
   In what countries does the traditional railway network continue to develop?
   

Вариант 3

1. 
   The experiment will be described in several journals.
   
2. 
   A few improvements have lately been recommended to facilitate the experiments on atomic collisions.
   
3. 
   Some singers were being interviewed when I switched on the radio.
   

1. 
   The earthquake ruined several big cities.
   
2. 
   We haven’t solved the problem yet.
   
3. 
   A discussion will follow the lecture.
   

1. 
   This road is about mile (long) than that one.
   
2. 
   Their team is definitely (good) in the world.
   
3. 
   Today the weather is (cold) than it was yesterday.
   

- culture

- attract

- vary

- convert

Widespread trunk-route electrification in the developed world followed World War II. Continental European countries restoring war-damaged main lines took the opportunity to electrify them.

1. 
   When did electrification of railways begin?
   
2. 
   What were the results of electrification?
   

Вариант 4

1. 
   I was asked to fill in the form in both Russian and English.
   
2. 
   During the last decades a great number of researches have been involved in the study of cancer problems.
   
3. 
   The lists are still being typed.
   

1. 
   The flood has seriously damaged the city library.
   
2. 
   They are interviewing the delegates.
   
3. 
   We shall do the work in the evening.
   

1. 
   You were ten minutes (late) than we were.
   
2. 
   Chinese is (difficult) than English.
   
3. 
   The Caucasus are (high) mountains in Europe.
   

- vary

- realist

- electric

- act

In Western Europe, population centers are much more closely spaced; there, modernization of track and signaling, plus new traction technology, have enabled sustained running speeds of 160 or even 200 km/h. This has kept trains on historic main lines competitive in speed with planes and private cars for inter-city journeys.

1. 
   What new types of transport appeared in the last quarter of the 20^th century?
   
2. 
   What improvements appeared in passenger service in Western Europe?
   

Вариант 5

1. 
   Valuable information has been obtained in recent years on the age and composition of the moon.
   
2. 
   The application of quantum generators in this branch of industry is being investigated.
   
3. 
   The tourists are asked to be in the hotel lobby at exactly ten.
   

1. 
   The fire has done a lot of damage.
   
2. 
   We test each piece of equipment very carefully.
   
3. 
   They will build a stadium here in the near future.
   

1. 
   The question was (long) than the answer.
   
2. 
   The problem is (important) than you think.
   
3. 
   Which is (beautiful) place in this part of the city?
   

- cosm(os)

- univers(e)

- suit

- use