2 КУРС
Контрольная работа № 1
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу № 1, необходимо усвоить следующий грамматический материал:
1. Видовременные формы глагола (действительный и страдательный
залоги).
2. Неличные формы глагола (инфинитив, герундий, причастие). Конструкции с неличными формами глагола.
Вариант 1
Задание 1. Прочтите текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы, следующие за ним.
WRITING A GOOD CURRICULUM VITAE
Your CV (Curriculum Vitae) will look far more attractive if you can convince the employers that you have the qualities they require. Your CV could be your ticket to an interview. Think about what particular employers want, and how you will be an asset to their company. On average an employer spends two minutes reading a CV, so avoid long detailed paragraphs. The employer may only read the first page, or even the first few paragraphs to get a feeling of who you are and what you can do for them. This means that the most important information should be at the top of your CV. Make your CV clear, with a simple yet easy to follow layout, showing all the important facts about your skills, employment history and education. You should target your CV at every specific job you apply for. However you should send a more general CV to a recruitment agency which can be sent to a variety of employers. Here you can fine several Layout Guidelines:
The first thing is the document title, Curriculum Vitae, followed by your name. This should be in bold with a lager font, but not too big.
Your address, contact details should be neatly presented, with date of birth, nationality and marital status also possible here.
Brief Personal Profile: This will be about 3 to 4 lines of text giving a brief overview of your key skills and attributes, and perhaps your objective regarding such a position. Be concise, try to appear interesting and professional to the reader. It will encourage them to read on.
Work experience (employment history) starting with your current or most recent job first, then go backwards through your career. State the company name, job title and the period you worked there. Begin by listing your duties and responsibilities. Be specific and detail only what is relevant to the new position (up to 5 or 6 duties). List specific achievements such as finishing a job/project ahead of schedule, or learning a new skill. List any industry training and qualifications you gained while in that employment. Employers like to see employees who learn and respect new skills. If you are a graduate, you should list some work experience. This can show that you have worked in a company and can be a team player.
Education: Briefly list your school qualifications, college certificate/diploma and university degree giving dates, location and exam results. Again start with your highest level or most recent training first, then go backwards through your education.
Additional skills: List your important everyday skills such as some IT skills, programs used, professional skills, languages. Perhaps provide some evidence of where you have used them.
Interests: Employers are usually more interested in activities which require you to show team commitment or personal initiative and drive.
References/Referees: Write 'References available on request' if you prefer that the employer asks your permission before writing or ringing them up. Referees can be personal or professional, though professional referees are much better.
Do not expect to produce a great looking CV at your first attempt. You may need to make a few drafts. Make sure your grammar and spelling are correct. Make sure the font and style is the same throughout keeping it consistent. Show your CV to someone whose advice you trust and listen to what they have to say. Welcome constructive criticism. Print your CV using a laser printer on good quality paper. When sending CVs via email, it's important to include them as attachments rather than in the body of the email.
Now that you've created a good CV, you need an equally good quality covering letter to convince the employer to look closely at your CV.
1. How much time do the employers spend reading a CV?
2. What are the main parts of the CV?
3. What additional skills should be listed in the CV?
4. What information about previous and present jobs should be given in the CV?
5. What information about your education is desirable in the CV?
Задание 2. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 5 и10-й абзацы текста.
Задание 3. Выпишите из 5-го абзаца предложения с герундием.
Задание 4. Преобразуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный.
1. Do they sell clothes in this shop?
2. Someone is cleaning the windows.
3. The senior students laughed at the freshman.
4. The group spoke to the dean yesterday.
5. People spend a lot of money on food.
6. Is Sue washing the car?
7. Who made this mess?
8. Grandfather is going to tell the children a story.
9. They will open the new sports centre soon.
10. They made him confess to the robbery.
Задание 5. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в нужной видовременной форме:
1. What (to happen) to you since she (to leave)?
2. The nearest shop (to open) at 9 a.m. and (to close) at 8 p.m. every day.
3. Where you (to go) when I (to meet) you in the street yesterday? - I (to go) to tell the watch maker that he (to forget) to send my watch.
4. The students (to work) very well this term.
5. I (to work) with him for ten years and he never (to say) "Good morning" to me.
6. This book (to write) many years ago, but it still (to read) with great interest.
7. By whom this movie (to make)?
8. He (to give) two days to think the matter over.
9. We (to show) a new film now.
10. It is a very boring novel. I (to read) it for two weeks, though I usually (to read) books quickly.
Задание 6. Подчеркните инфинитив, переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. It is difficult to solve this problem.
2. Your task is to become a good engineer.
3. He asked me to wait a little.
4. The children have a good garden to play in.
5. I’ve come here to have a talk with you.
6. Nothing seems to have been forgotten.
7. He seems to be smoking a lot.
8. To be properly understood this rule is to be explained once more.
9. Ann had to go to the dentist.
10. Have you anything to cure a bad cold?
Задание 7. Раскройте скобки, употребляя соответствующую форму причастия:
1. (To impress) by the film, they kept silent.
2. (To lose) the book, the student couldn’t remember the topic.
3. (To write) out all the words, I started to learn them.
4. (To pack) in the beautiful box the flowers looked very lovely.
5. The letter (to write) by him was very long.
6. We are interested in the goods (to produce) by this factory.
7. The question (to put) to the professor was important.
8. When (to offer) to work abroad, he refused.
9. (To drink) coffee she was talking to her friend.
10. (To see) her he raised his hat.
Задание 8. Подчеркните герундий, переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. She washed her face and hands before going downstairs.
2. As for me I don't like cooking.
3. This habit of discussing other people's affairs damage reputations and ruin friendship.
4. I see no harm in letting them enjoy themselves in vacation time.
5. She insisted on my showing her the letter.
6. I can't imagine my mother`s approving it.
7. I really miss his playing the piano in the evening.
8. We know about his having been sent to Moscow.
9. The arrested man was suspected of breaking into houses.
10. He hates being looked at very attentively.
Вариант 2
Задание 1. Прочтите текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы, следующие за ним.
APPLICATION LETTER
One of the major problems which people are dealing with is the issue of unemployment. When looking for a job, you need to understand that this is the battle of the best. You need to make sure that the first step would make an impact on your future employers. How are you going to do this? As with any job applicant, the first thing in the application process is to complete your application letter. This may seem to be of no value to you now, but you will understand that a job application letter is the first step in getting that job that you have always wanted to have. Here are some of the things that you have to keep in mind when you are writing your application letter.
Use An Appropriate Format. Since this is required to be a formal document, you need to use a format that would look professional. It is best to find a format that is often used for business documentation. Never make the mistake of making an application letter just because it looks cute.
Follow What Needs To Be Attached. In each job application, companies specify the corresponding attachments that they need to peruse. Make sure that you have these ready when submitting your application and never follow up the requirements one by one. Some companies would require you to send a resume, registrations cards, certificates and other important documents. You need to make sure that you have read and included everything that they are asking for when it comes to this.
Write An Appropriate Body. The main purpose of writing the body of your application letter is to sell yourself to the employers. Do not get this wrong, but you have to build the best impression about yourself, but still retain your dignity. While you may be tempted to put in everything about yourself, you should not. This is not an essay about your life and there are only certain things that would interest your employers. Only put a certain qualification that you think will be the best one to qualify for the job position that you are applying for. Remember that this qualification should be the best one that you have, that will immediately set you apart from the others and give them the impression that you are the number one choice for this position.
Do not put too much information about yourself in the resume. People always forget that there is a resume attached to the application and they still write the body of the application letter as if it were a summary. It might be tempting to ask a couple of things about the job like the salary and such things, but this is an improper action to do. You are only applying for a job and you should not care about these things. You need to show them that you care about the company and providing your services to them and working for them.
Write a Closing Paragraph. You should let the employer know that you are willing to be interviewed for the job that you are applying for. You should always include your contact details and how they may reach you through telephone, email or mobile phone. You should give them the impression that you are willing to follow the steps to be employed such as succeeding interviews and such. Never think that this is part that can be removed, because without this, the application letter will never be complete.
Once you that you have finished the application letter, it is now time to send it to the employers.
1. What is the main purpose of writing an application letter?
2. Should you ask about the salary in the application letter?
3. Which contact details should be included in the application letter?
4. What documents do the companies sometimes require?
5. What is the first thing in the application process?
Задание 2. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 4 и 6-й абзацы текста.
Задание 3. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца предложение с герундием.
Задание 4. Преобразуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный.
1. Liz showed me some holiday pictures.
2. Sam was telling him about the party.
3. They have called Jane and invited her to the party.
4. Who broke this cup?
5. The jury will have reached a verdict by the morning.
6. The teacher will mark the essays.
7. People make jam from fruit.
8. They sent for the doctor.
9. Clive hasn't cut the grass yet.
10. They may not repair the car this week.
Задание 5. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в нужной видовременной форме.
1. This piece of music (to know) to me. But it never (to play) so wonderfully before.
2. When I came into the cinema, a new film (to show).
3. George (to come)? - Yes, he (...). - When he (to come)? - He (to come) 10 minutes ago.
4. Don't ring me up at 3. My father usually (to have a rest) after dinner.
5. I (to live) in Moscow before I (to go) to St. Petersburg.
6. He (to lose) the key of his house and now he has to climb through the window.
7. Shakespeare (to write) a lot of plays.
8. I (not to see) him for three years. I wonder where he is.
9. If you don't work hard you (not to pass) your exams.
10. By the end of next year he (to work) for this company for 10 years.
Задание 6. Подчеркните инфинитив, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. It is easy to make mistakes.
2. To restore the ruined sculpture was impossible.
3. Your next task is to check up the results of the observations.
4. These carpets are to be cleaned as soon as possible.
5. I had to take a taxi; otherwise I should have missed the train.
6. The engineer advised them to use new methods of work.
7. We asked the guests to come at 7 o’clock.
8. I’m sure he will be the first to come to the meeting.
9. He seems to have been sitting here all day.
10. She ought to be told about it.
Задание 7. Раскройте скобки, употребляя соответствующую форму причастия:
1. She didn’t understand the word (to say) by him.
2. He didn’t see the things (to keep) in her box.
3. (To bark) dog doesn’t bite.
4. She entered the room (to smile).
5. (To buy) food, they left supermarket.
6. The large building (to build) in our street now is a new school – house.
7. (To finish) the experiment the students left the laboratory.
8. (To reject) by everybody he became a monk.
9. (To find) the keys, we were able to open the door.
10. He sat in the arm-chair (to think).
Задание 8. Подчеркните герундий, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. He was only thanking me for taking his part at lunch.
2. You can't learn to skate without falling.
3. It's no use trying to make you see my point.
4. I see you are used to walking.
5. On being asked what her plans were she gave an answer.
6. On getting home she felt so faint and exhausted that she went to bed without taking off her make-up.
7. Did you hear of John's having been sent abroad?
8. Fancy her appearing at that very moment!
9. Excuse my asking, but does everyone in your family approve of your behavior?
10. I didn't object to her being there.
Вариант 3
Задание 1. Прочтите текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы, следующие за ним:
TYPES OF OFFERS
Our businessmen should bear in mind that there may be different understanding of certain trade terms in our country and abroad. Also there are sometimes different commercial practices. So to be on the safe side and to avoid misunderstanding and later unexpected complaints and claims, it is advisable to study the definitions of offers.
A quotation is not an offer in the legal sense, i.e. if the Sellers later decide not to sell, the Buyers shall have no legal right. Therefore quotations are very often subject to conditions of acceptance, which may relate to a stated time within which they are to be accepted or to goods whose supplies may be limited, and it should be expressly stated, for example, that "This offer is subject to acceptance within … days" or "Goods ordered from our latest catalogue can be supplied only while stocks last" or "The prices quoted apply only for so long as present stocks last." Quotations may be sent to more than one buyer, in which case the Sellers should indicate it by adding the words: "The offer is made subject to the goods being unsold when the order is received."
Quotations may be either tabulated or given on specially prepared forms, which enables them to be machine processed, i.e. easily computerized. In both forms they should be sent with a covering letter.
A firm offer is made when a seller promises to sell goods at a stated price, usually within a stated period of time. The promise may be expressly made (i.e. clearly stated in words), as when it takes the form of a letter, or it may be "implied (i.e. understood), as when it takes the form of a quotation that contains the words "For acceptance within (so many) days", or similar qualifying words. Like a quotation without qualifying words, a firm offer is not legally binding, even when made expressly, but unlike such a quotation a firm offer is capable of acceptance and once it has been accepted, it cannot be withdrawn. Although a firm offer is not binding until accepted, no reputable seller would risk his reputation by withdrawing his offer before the stated or agreed time.
A voluntary offer is the one which is not asked for. Voluntary offers give information about the offered and the company itself, state the period for which they are valid and often enclose reference lists of the regular buyers. They may also enclose brochures, catalogues, price lists and other advertising matter, and offer to sent free samples, goods on approval, and to grant special discounts on orders received within the indicated period upon return of a detachable form or card (often prepaid).
An estimate is an offer to do certain work for a stated price, for example, an estimate for installation of central heating, an estimate for building a factory. It is not a legally binding offer until an order placed against it is accepted.
A tender is an offer in response to a published advertisement for the supply of specified goods, services or the performance of specified work at prices and under conditions set out in the tender. Tenders are usually invited by official governmental organization and are to be submitted (made) on the official forms of the advertisers. There may be "closed tenders" if their invitation is restricted to a particular organization or group of companies or to a country. For instance, уоu could read in the press that the city councils are inviting tenders from this country for the building of the new school.
Unlike other types of quotation, a tender may be an offer in the legal sense and therefore capable of acceptance by the person inviting it, but it becomes a legally binding agreement only when it is accepted and up to that time the tender may be withdrawn.
1. Why is a quotation not an offer in the legal sense?
2. What forms can a firm offer take?
3. Which of the listed terms can be considered offers in the legal sense?
4. What is the difference between firm offers and voluntary offers?
5. What are the closed tenders?
Задание 2. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 4 и 7-й абзацы текста.
Задание 3. Выпишите из 4-го абзаца предложение с герундием.
Задание 4. Преобразуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный.
1. My father built this cottage.
2. Beginners use that computer.
3. Somebody is opening the window now.
4. We sold the last French text -book.
5. People all over Russia watch the news.
6. The moonlight lit everything in the room.
7. Don’t worry; we shall settle your problems.
8. We have just sent for the doctor.
9. The Semyenovs don’t use this room very often.
10. Thomas Coryate brought forks from Italy to England.
Задание 5. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в нужной видовременной форме.
1. The documents (to sign) by the president of the company today.
2. A new railway line (to construct) across the desert now.
3. The lift (not to start) until you press the button.
4. I (to finish) reading this book by tomorrow evening.
5. Why you (not to lend) him that book yesterday? - I (to read) it myself at that time.
6. My mother was very pleased to see her classmates again. She (not to see) them for twenty years.
7. You (to hear) from Ann recently? - No, I (not to see) her since we finished school.
8. The police (to look) for the thief for a week already.
9. How long you (to save) money before you went abroad for the first time?
10. He (to give) two days to think the matter over.
Задание 6. Подчеркните инфинитив, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. It was impossible to explain what I meant.
2. To ask you a few questions on the matter is my duty.
3. Our plan was to finish the work before their arrival.
4. The only thing that could do you good is to take a long rest.
5. You may take this book if you want.
6. They demanded to be shown all the documents.
7. He stopped for a minute to rest.
8. It’s nice to be sitting here with you.
9. He seems to have missed the train.
10. I’m starting now, in order not to miss the beginning of the concert.
Задание 7. Раскройте скобки, употребляя соответствующую форму причастия.
1. I don’t like the video (to buy) yesterday.
2. This is the house (to build) many years ago.
3. (To show) the wrong direction, the travelers soon lost their way.
4. While (to learn) the pronunciation of the words we learned their meaning.
5. (To make) the report, Tom left the room.
6. (To read) the book I gave it to Pete.
7. (To build) of concrete, the house was always cold in winter.
8. The question (to discuss) now is very important.
9. The girl (to stand) at the window is my sister.
10. (To send) to the wrong address the letter didn’t rich him.
Задание 8. Подчеркните герундий, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Не finished speaking and sat down.
2. Stop arguing and start working.
3. The children prefer watching TV to reading.
4. On seeing her parents the girl laughed.
5. He was awakened by someone`s knocking at the door.
6. She does not like the thought of leaving you alone.
7. Life seemed worth fighting for.
8. Would you mind my smoking?
9. I remember my mother laughing at my jokes.
10. I don't fancy going out this evening.
Вариант 4
Задание 1. Прочтите текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы, следующие за ним:
WRITING BUSINESS LETTERS
A business letter is a formal communication between people or companies and it is written to conduct some sort of business. For example, you might write to inform readers of specific information, create proposals for clients, make an arrangement, request a price list, thank someone for a service or apply for a job. It differs from personal letters exchanged by friends in both its layout and content. Writing a business letter takes planning. First of all, you must analyze your audience and determine your purpose. Whatever the aim, create your letter from these goals. Then you need to gather information, create an outline, write a draft, and revise it. If your letter is an offer of something (a service, a product, or a contract), state the features and the benefits of your offer in plain, simple English. Give the reader reasons why he or she should buy your product or sign the contract. That creates a demand for your product. Finally, make the action that you want the reader to take, clear and easy to understand.
When writing a business letter, you should follow the format of a standard business letter. The typical business letter usually consists of about six essential parts: the heading (and the date), the inside address, the salutation or greeting, the body of the letter, the complimentary close, and the signature.
The heading of the letter contains the full address of the sender. Most companies have letterhead with this information already imprinted. The inside address coincides with the address that appears on the envelope and contains the name, title and address of person to whom you are writing. The salutation adds a personal touch to your letter and should be consistent with the whole tone. Include the addressee's name and courtesy title along with the greeting. The body of the letter is where you write the purpose of the letter. The complimentary close should be relevant to the tone of the letter and the salutation. And, your signature should be hand written legibly below the complimentary close.
Try to organize your letter logically, making smooth transitions between sentences and paragraphs. It should be clear and concise, with short sentences and simple words. Use personal pronouns and active voice. Avoid me, I, we, us in the beginning of the letter. Avoid also formal and stuffy expressions (like "thanking you in advance", "as per", “be advised”, "in compliance with your request" or “enclosed herewith”), and don't use technical terms unless you are sure your reader will understand them as you do. You will never get what you're after, if your reader doesn't get the message.
Write positively and with confidence. Try to put yourself in the reader's shoes and to anticipate the reader's reaction to your comments. Don't be manipulative. Threatening, cajoling, begging, flattering, and making extravagant promises are manipulative and are usually ineffective. In fact, they may alienate the reader.
Don't ever forget to proof-read your letter. Check the spelling, particularly the name of the person and company. Minor errors in spelling, punctuation, and grammar hurt your credibility. Make sure that your letters look neat and tidy on the page. Sloppy appearance will detract from even a well-written letter.
It is important to remember that a business letter is an official document. Of course, there are many other communications between people and companies, for instance telephone conversations, meetings and presentations. Still, a business letter is the most powerful communications tool for providing structured and considered information in a formal way.
1. What are the main parts of a business letter?
2. What is the body of the letter?
3. Should the author of the letter use long sentences and the passive voice?
4. Why is it necessary to proof-read the written letter?
5. Which expressions should be avoided in the business letter?
Задание 2. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 3 и 5-й абзацы текста.
Задание 3. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца предложение с герундием.
Задание 4. Преобразуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный.
1. He has just repaired his car.
2. Somebody addressed the letter to the wrong person.
3. The secretary is still typing the letter.
4. Mum cut the meat and chopped it.
5. Snow covered everything.
6. The police have been looking for him for a month!
7. He described his new flat for me.
8. Our chief offered me a day- off.
9. He pointed out the mistake to me.
10. They don’t allow their children to go far from home.
Задание 5. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в нужной видовременной форме:
1. Library books must not (to keep) longer than two weeks.
2. When the advertisement (to place) in the newspaper?
3. How long Ann (to translate) the text?
4. Is it all right if I come at about 9? - Fine. I (to watch) the match on TV for about two hours but it will have finished by that time.
5. You ever (to be) to China? - No, I never (to go) there.
6. When I came my boss (to wait) for me. He (to wait) for 20 minutes already and (to be) annoyed because I (to be) late.
7. When I get home my dog (to sit) at the door waiting for me.
8. We (to buy) a new flat if we have enough money.
9. When you come here in summer, their house (to repair).
10. The woman (to be) busy herself with cooking, while the man (to slice) bacon and (to fire) the stove.
Задание 6. Подчеркните инфинитив, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. It was difficult to sell my car.
2. To find that it was only a joke greatly disappointed us.
3. What I have come for is to wish you every success and congratulate you.
4. He must have sold his piano.
5. We were to go to the cinema that afternoon.
6. We asked to be given convincing evidence.
7. I want to be helped.
8. I’m sorry not to have come on Thursday.
9. I didn’t expect to be invited.
10. She seems to have asked him about it.
Задание 7. Раскройте скобки, употребляя соответствующую форму причастия:
1. She came up to us (to breath) heavily.
2. The article on agriculture (to publish) in this magazine was written by Smith.
3. You can get the book (to recommend) by our teacher in the library.
4. He watched Mike (to go) out of the door and (to cross) the street.
5. (To descent) the mountains, they heard a man calling for help.
6. (To be) busy, he postponed his trip.
7. (To write) long ago, the manuscript was impossible to read.
8. (To forget) the report at home, John couldn`t answer all the questions of the director.
9. (To invite) to the birthday party beforehand, he was able to choose the present carefully.
10. When (to surround) by the girls, he always felt confused.
Задание 8. Подчеркните герундий, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. Your coming has done him good.
2. As to me, I simply love cooking.
3. Could you please stop making so much noise?
4. I had difficulty in finding a place to live.
5. She insisted on being married in London.
6. There came the sound of the door closing then being locked.
7. She is looking forward to reading his new book.
8. He is thinking of leaving his job and going to America.
9. On awakening she dressed quickly and left the house.
10. If you walk into the road without looking you risk being knocked down.
Вариант 5
Задание 1. Прочтите текст и письменно ответьте на вопросы, следующие за ним.
HOW TO WRITE A BUSINESS LETTER
Writing is one of the most important and valued skills in the business world today. The introduction and development of electronic communications has increased the need for written correspondence. More so than ever before, there is a requirement to ensure clarity and effectiveness in the written message.
When writing a business letter, you should follow the format of a standard business letter.
The Heading (The Return Address) or Letterhead. Companies usually use printed paper where heading or letterhead is specially designed at the top of the sheet. It bears all the necessary information about the organization’s identity.
Date of writing. The month should be fully spelled out and the year written with all four digits October 12, 2005 (12 October 2005 - UK style). The date is aligned with the return address. The article before the number of the day is pronounced but not written. In the body of the letter, however, the article is written when the name of the month is not mentioned with the day.
The Inside Address. In a business or formal letter you should give the address of the recipient after your own address. Include the recipient's name, company, address and postal code. Add job title if appropriate. Separate the recipient's name and title with a comma. Double check that you have the correct spelling of the recipient 's name. The Inside Address is always on the left margin. If an 8 1/2" x 11" paper is folded in thirds to fit in a standard 9" business envelope, the inside address can appear through the window in the envelope.
The Greeting. It is also called the salutation. The type of salutation depends on your relationship with the recipient. It normally begins with the word "Dear" and always includes the person's last name. Use every resource possible to address your letter to an actual person. If you do not know the name or the sex of your receiver, address it to Dear Madam/Sir (or Dear Sales Manager or Dear Human Resources Director). As a general rule the greeting in a business letter ends in a colon (US style). It is also acceptable to use a comma (UK style).
The Subject Line (optional). Its inclusion can help the recipient in dealing successfully with the aims of your letter. Normally the subject sentence is preceded with the word Subject: or Re: Subject line may be emphasized by underlining, using bold font, or all capital letters. It is usually placed one line below the greeting but alternatively can be located directly after the "inside address," before the "greeting."
The Body Paragraphs. The body is where you explain why you’re writing. It’s the main part of the business letter. Make sure the receiver knows who you are and why you are writing but try to avoid starting with "I". Use a new paragraph when you wish to introduce a new idea or element into your letter. Depending on the letter style you choose, paragraphs may be indented.
The Complimentary Close. This short, polite closing ends always with a comma. It is either at the left margin or its left edge is in the center, depending on the Business Letter Style that you use. It begins at the same column the heading does. The traditional rule of etiquette in Britain is that a formal letter starting "Dear Sir or Madam" must end "Yours faithfully", while a letter starting "Dear " must end "Yours sincerely". (Note: the second word of the closing is NOT capitalized)
Signature and Writer’s identification. The signature is the last part of the letter. You should sign your first and last names. The signature line may include a second line for a title, if appropriate. The signature should start directly above the first letter of the signature line in the space between the close and the signature line. Use blue or black ink.
Initials, Enclosures, Copies. Initials are to be included if someone other than the writer types the letter. If you include other material in the letter, put 'Enclosure', 'Enc.', or ' Encs. ', as appropriate, two lines below the last entry. Cc means a copy or copies are sent to someone else.
1. What are the main parts of the business letter?
2. What abbreviations and shortenings may be found in the business letter?
3. Which part of the letter is the main one?
4. What information is included in the inside address?
5. What is the difference between UK and US styles of writing the date?
Задание 2. Перепишите и письменно переведите 5, 6 и 8, 9-й абзацы текста.
Задание 3. Выпишите из 7-го абзаца предложение с герундием.
Задание 4. Преобразуйте предложения из действительного залога в страдательный.
1. Many people attend the lecture.
2. Someone has eaten the cake.
3. He will leave the ticket on the table.
4. They were discussing the report the whole evening.
5. People speak English in many countries.
6. Snow will cover the fields in winter.
7. Everyone can see the film soon.
8. The gardener has planted some apple-trees.
9. His parents have bought him a new bicycle.
10. They will advertise the product on TV.
Задание 5. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в нужной видовременной форме.
1. The instructions (to give) to everybody yesterday.
2. The children (to skate) in the park for two hours before they went to the cinema.
3. We (to lie) on the beach since early morning.
4. You (to hear) the news? Tom and Ann are engaged!
5. How many baskets of apples you (to pick)? It seems to me you (to pick) them for 3 hours already.
6. Tom still (to watch) TV. He (to watch) TV every day.
7. When I (to wake) up at 9 yesterday morning my brother (to sit) in front of TV. He just (to turn) it off. He (to watch) TV programs since seven o'clock.
8. What you (to do) next weekend? - If it (to be) fine we (to go) somewhere in the car; if it (to be) wet we probably (to stay) at home.
9. A new Metro line (to build) in our city by the end of the year.
10. Nick was late for the party, so when he came into the room all the guests (to introduce) to each other, some of them (to dance) and some (to sing) in the next room.
Задание 6. Подчеркните инфинитив, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. The last thing I meant was to offend you.
2. Is it possible to get a ticket for tomorrow?
3. He could swim very well when he was young.
4. He looked at the shelves of books to be read and understood.
5. This is a mineral to be found only in this part of the country.
6. There are so many letters to be answered.
7. She seems to have been asked about it.
8. He is said to have studied at Oxford University.
9. They won’t be able to buy anything but lemonade on the train.
10. The student expects his article to be published.
Задание 7. Раскройте скобки, употребляя соответствующую форму причастия.
1. When (to use) for building purposes, concrete is very important.
2. (To interrupt) during the talk, he always gets angry.
3. He spent the whole day (to read) a book.
4. (To travel) around America for a month, she returned to England.
5. The hall was full of (to laugh) people.
6. The (to sing) girl was about fourteen.
7. When (to complete) the new building will accommodate 3000 students.
8. (To receive) a bad mark at school, the boy was very upset.
9. The letter (to lie) on the table must be posted.
10. (To sleep) badly at night, she looked very tired.
Задание 8. Подчеркните герундий, переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. I don't enjoy going to the doctor.
2. Jane sat through her first lesson without saying a word and without paying much attention to the lecture.
3. Do you think the grass needs cutting?
4. Don't go if you don't feel like going but stop talking about it.
5. I can't bear his interfering with what I do.
6. I understand perfectly your wanting to leave.
7. I wonder at Jack's allowing his mother`s visits every Saturday.
8. She knew nothing about her sister`s having been arrested.
9. I wonder what prevented him from coming to the party.
10. Nobody likes being interrupted.
КОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ РАБОТЫ ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
ТУРИЗМ. СЕРВИС. СОЦИАЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА
Контрольная работа № 1
Для того чтобы правильно выполнить контрольную работу № 1, необходимо повторить следующие разделы курса английского языка:
Имя существительное. Множественное число. Артикли. Выражение падежных отношений в английском языке с помощью предлогов и окончания –s.
Местоимения. Личные, указательные, притяжательные.
Глагол. Формы настоящего (Present), прошедшего (Past), будущего (Future) времени группы Simple действительного залога. Спряжение глаголов “to be”, “to have” в Present, Past , Future Simple.
Вариант 1
Задание 1. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст.
SOCIAL WORK
1. Social service also called welfare service, or social work, any numerous publicly or privately provided services intended to aid disadvantages, distressed, or vulnerable persons or groups. The term social service also denotes the profession engaged in rendering such services. The social services have flourished in the 20th century as ideas of social responsibility have developed and spread.
2. The basic concerns of social welfare – poverty, disability and diseases, the dependant young and elderly – are as old as society itself. The laws of survival once severely limited the means by which these concerns could be addressed; to share another’s burden meant to weaken one’s own standing in the fierce struggle of the daily existence. As societies developed, however, with their patterns of dependence between members, there arose more systematic response to the factors that rendered individuals, and thus society at large, vulnerable.
Religion and philosophy have tended to provide frameworks for the conduct of the social welfare. The edicts of the Buddhist emperor Asoka in India, the sociopolitical doctrines of ancient Greece and Rome, and the simple rules of the early Christian communities are only few examples of systems that addressed social needs. The Elizabeth Poor Laws in England, which sought relief of paupers through care services and workhouses administrated at the parish level, provided precedents for many modern legislative responses to poverty. In Victorian times a more stringent legal view of poverty as a moral failing was met with the rise of humanitarianism and proliferation of social reforms. The social charities and philanthropic societies founded by these pioneers formed the basis for many of today’s welfare services.
Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.
1. What are the other names of the social work?
2. What is the definition of the social work?
3. What century did the social service flourish in?
4. What is the basic concern of the social welfare?
5. The laws of survival once severely limited the means by which these concerns could be addressed, didn’t they?
6. What can you say about the religion and philosophy in connection of the social work?
7. Can you give the examples of the ancient systems that addressed social needs?
Задание 2. Поставьте следующие имена существительные в форму множественного числа.
A table, a plate, a fox, a room, a lady, a knife, a chair, a bus, a Negro, a match, a way, a house, a family, a flag, a town, a wolf, a country, a lion, a park, a play.
Задание 3. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя личные местоимения.
Я работаю машинистом поезда.
Она прекрасный специалист.
Мы поедем на море этим летом.
Ты знаешь этого человека?
У вас есть брат?
Этот дом очень красивый.
Задание 4. Переведите на английский язык в Present, Past и Future Simple.
Я приду домой в шесть часов.
Когда я приду домой, я позвоню моему другу.
Елена позвонит нам вечером.
Если Петрова позвонит вам, попросите ее принести мне журнал.
Я увижу вас завтра?
Как только я увижу Боба, я расскажу ему об этом происшествии.
Задание 5. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя конструкцию “there is / are”.
1. Есть ли кондиционер в этом номере?
2. Имеются ли здесь магазины?
3. Есть цветы на подоконнике?
4. В аудитории есть компьютеры.
5. Здесь нет солнечного света.
6. У подъезда имеется лужайка.
Задание 6. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол “to be”.
Погода хорошая.
Стена белая.
Мы студенты.
Они преподаватели.
Это здание главного корпуса.
Это библиотека?
Вариант 2
Задание 1. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст.
WELFARE SERVICES
1. Because perceived needs and ability to address them determine each society’s range of welfare services, there exists no universal vocabulary of social welfare. In some countries a distinction is drawn between «social services», denoting programs, such as health care and education that serve the general population, and «welfare services», denoting aid directed to vulnerable groups, such as poor, the disabled, or the delinquent. According to another classification, remedial services address the basic needs of individuals in acute or chronic distress; preventive seek to reduce the pressures and obstacles that cause such distress; and supportive services attempt, through educational, health, employment, and other programs, to maintain and improve the functioning of individuals in society. Social welfare services originated as emergency measures that were to be applied all else is failed. However, they are now generally regarded as a necessary function in any society and a means not only of rescuing the endangered but also of fostering a society’s ongoing, corporate well-being.
2. The majority of personal services are rendered on an individual basis to people who are enabled, whether temporarily or permanently, to cope with the problems of everyday living. Recipients include families faced with loss income, desertion, or illness; children and youth whose physical or moral welfare is at risk; the sick; the disabled; the frail elderly; and the unemployed. When possible, services are also directed toward preventive threats to personal or family independence. Social services generally place a high value on keeping families together in their local communities, organizing support from friends or neighbours when kinship ties are weak. Where necessary, the service provide substitute forms of home life or residential care, and play a key role in the care and control of juvenile delinquency and other socially deviant groups, such as drug and alcohol abusers.
Задание 2. Письменно переведите 1-ый абзац текста. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.
Is there a universal vocabulary of social welfare?
Speak about the distinction of the «social services» and «welfare services» in some countries.
In what way the majority of personal services are rendered on an individual basis to people?
Is it true that social services generally place a high value on keeping families together in their local communities, organizing support from friends or neighbours when kinship ties are weak?
Задание 3. Вставьте “some”, “any”, “no” или их производные.
1. Have you___relations? - No, I haven't___, I have___relations.
2. Has Simona___nephews or nieces? — She has___nephews.
3. Clare has___sisters, she has only brothers.
4. Do you know___about Egyptian art?
5. Tom and Tim have___cousins in Marietta.
6. Have you___brothers? - No, I haven't___, I have___brothers.
Задание 4. Переведите на английский язык, используя Present Perfect
Tense.
1. Я уже прочитал эту статью.
2. Мы не виделись с ним с 1978 года.
3. Сколько фильмов Тарантино ты видел?
4. Мы просмотрели его дипломную работу.
5. Они знают друг друга с 2000 года.
6. Как много фильмов снял этот режиссер?
Задание 5. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя глагол “to be”.
1. Погода была хорошая.
2. Стена не белая.
3. Мы доктора.
4. Они будущие преподаватели.
5. Это здание нашего общежития.
6. Это библиотека Кирова?
Вариант 3
Задание 1. Прочтите и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-й и 2-й абзацы.
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