Microwave spectrum channels

Electronic field production(EFP) Production Procedure

EFP places the emphasis on high-quality, multiple-camera setup photography, advanced graphics and sound.

A typical sports production truck includes:

• 
  A large video switcher with an external digital video effects (DVE) unit and several mix/effect busses, to allow the Television director flexibility in calling for certain visual effects in the broadcast.
  
• 
  Several tripod-mounted and handheld professional video cameras.
  
• 
  A variety of zoom lenses for the tripod-mounted "hard" cameras, typically at least 50× to 100× magnification, and a maximum focal length of at least 600mm. The extreme amount of magnification is necessary because the cameras can be located quite a distance from the action.
  
• 
  Several video recording and playback devices such as VCRs, hard disk recorders and video servers. Certain cameras or video feeds can be "isolated" to specific decks, and when something happens that the producer or director wants to see again, the deck can be rewound and shown on the air as an instant replay. Hard disk recorders typically allow some limited editing capabilities, allowing highlight reels to be edited together in the middle of a game.
  
• 
  Several character generators allowing scores and statistics to be shown on screen. The scoreboards used in most sports facilities can be linked to the truck to drive the television production's graphics as well as the arena scoreboards.
  
• 
  An audio mixing console booth and a variety of microphones to capture audio from the sportscasters and from the field of play.
  
• 
  Several miles of various types of cable.
  

• 
  Contrasted with the production values of EFP, in electronic journalism or electronic news-gathering (ENG), the emphasis is on quickness and agility in acquisition and rapidity in the process of editing, leading to final transmission to the audience is the goal. The two terms are often seen paired as EFP-ENG and vice versa.
  
• 
  Many episodic television shows, four-camera situation comedy, television drama, such as PBS' Masterpiece Theatre all draw upon forms of EFP.
  

In filmmaking, a location is any place where a film crew will be filming actors and recording their dialog. A location where dialog is not recorded may be considered as a second unit photography site. Filmmakers often choose to shoot on location because they believe that greater realism can be achieved in a "real" place, however location shooting is also often motivated by the film's budget. For instance, the independent horror film Marianne was shot entirely on location in Sweden. However, many films shoot interior scenes on a sound stage and exterior scenes on location.

It is often mistakenly believed that filming "on location" takes place in a location where the story is set, but this is not necessarily the case.

Most films do a bit of both location shooting and studio shoots, although low-budget films usually do more location shooting than bigger budget films because the cost of shooting at someplace that already exists is much cheaper than creating that place from scratch. In certain situations it my be cheaper to shoot in a studio. In these situations lower budget films often shoot more in a studio.

Before filming on location its generally wise to conduct a recce.

Pros and cons

Location shooting has several advantages over filming on a studio set:

• 
  It can be cheaper than constructing large sets
  
• 
  The illusion of reality can be stronger - on a set, it is hard to replicate real-world wear-and-tear, as well as architectural details
  
• 
  It sometimes allows the use of cheaper non-union labor or to bypass work stoppages in the US. Canadian locations such as Vancouver and Toronto are known for this.
  
• 
  It sometimes allows "frozen" currency to be used. The 1968 movie Kelly's Heroes was filmed in Yugoslavia using profits that had been made on movie exhibitions in that country but could not be exported.^{[citation needed]}
  

• 
  Lack of control over the environment — lighting, passing aircraft, traffic, pedestrians, bad weather, city regulations, etc.
  
• 
  The difficulty of finding a real-world location which conforms with the requirements of the script
  
• 
  Members of the audience may be familiar with a real-world location used to double as a fictional location (such as Rumble in the Bronx inexplicably showing the mountains outside Vancouver in the background of an urban Bronx-set scene)
  
• 
  If a particular location completely lacks production companies (to supply sets and gear) and local film crew, or if what is available locally is not of the desired caliber, then transporting an entire film crew and all their gear just to film on location can be extremely expensive
  

Location shooting usually requires a location manager, and locations are usually chosen by a location scout. Many popular locations, such as New York City in the United States, Toronto in Canada, and the Isle of Man in the United Kingdom, have dedicated film offices to encourage location shooting, and to suggest appropriate locations to film-makers.