Scientific American, December 2003

As Northern and Central Europe came out of the Glacier Age, the Germans migrated.

5000 BC Halaf ceramics Samarra Iraq 4800 BC

Indus Swastika

Hindu coin

The Kshatriyan codes of war are stuff of legends and folklore in India. Mahabharatha a Hindu epic also talks about war codes. Conclusive archaeological evidence has not yet been obtained but more or less all sources agree that such codes of war existed and they were followed. Some of the more important codes are listed below.: 1) War should not affect the unarmed - meaning that the civilian population should not be attacked for any reason nor should the disarmed and seriously wounded soldiers or warriors unless it is for killing them as an act of mercy. 2) Rest should be provided for both sides - meaning that the war should not continue after sunset unless or otherwise it is a guerrilla war. 3) All foes should be defeated - meaning that even if your kinsman fought against you, you should not hesitate to defeat him. 4) Raids should not be undertaken unless completely necessary - meaning that a raid should not be undertaken unless the motive is to compensate for past losses or to humiliate the enemy. 5) Women should not be looked at unless she challenges you - meaning that unless a woman is in your enemy's army as a soldier or warrior you should not attack her. If the woman is the ruler then she can be attacked or asked to surrender only after the whole army is defeated. 6) A guerrilla war should not be waged unless the objective is victory - meaning that the warriors chosen for a guerrilla war should be the best, able to defeat any large army in the given situation and such an attack should be done only to attain a political goal and not to raid the enemy's supplies. 7) A traitor should never escape death - meaning that a traitor or defector of one’s own army should be guaranteed death.

Several ancient civilizations had tremendous talents and possibly unknown technologies to modern man. There are suggestions that electricity was even used. Asphalt, as an example, was lost as a technology for 2000 years. Could not the ancients have harnessed geologic, atmospheric or solar energies in ways we have yet to discover?

Could there also not be ancient civilizations which destroyed themselves through technology or which vanished beneath the ocean surface?

The European Bronze Age is characterized by bronze artifacts and the use of bronze implements. The regional Bronze Age succeeds the Neolithic. It starts with the Aegean Bronze Age in 3200 BC (succeeded by the Beaker culture), and spans the entire 2nd millennium BC (Unetice culture, Tumulus culture, Terramare culture, Urnfield culture and Lusatian culture) in Northern Europe, lasting until c. 600 BC.