Which are the 4 Inner Planets and which are the 4 Outer Planets? Give 3 differences between these 2 types of planets. The inner planets mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars
Small stars: The smallest stars only convert hydrogen into helium. Medium-sized stars
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Small stars: The smallest stars only convert hydrogen into helium. Medium-sized stars (like our Sun): Late in their lives, when the hydrogen becomes depleted, stars like our Sun can convert helium into oxygen and carbon. Massive stars (greater than five times the mass of the Sun): When their hydrogen becomes depleted, high mass stars convert helium atoms into carbon and oxygen, followed by the fusion of carbon and oxygen into neon, sodium, magnesium, sulfur and silicon. Later reactions transform these elements into calcium, iron, nickel, chromium, copper and others. When these old, large stars with depleted cores supernova, they create heavy elements (all the natural elements heavier than iron) and spew them into space, forming the basis for life. Name the 3 main types of Galaxies in the Universe and give an example of each type. (1) Spiral galaxies get their name from the shape of their disks, in which stars, gas and dust are concentrated in spiral arms that extend outward from the central nucleus of the galaxies. Eg. The Milky Way, Andromeda Galaxy (2) Elliptical galaxies are elliptical in shape, eg. M32, Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical galaxy. (3) Irregular galaxies have no particular shape, eg. The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds What is the Big Bang Theory? Big-bang theory states that the universe originated sometime between 10 billion and 20 billion years ago from the cataclysmic explosion of a small volume of matter at extremely high density and temperature. The Big Bang theory describes how the Universe began in a rapid expansion about 13.7 billion years ago and has evolved since that time. The Big Bang theory states that the universe began from an initial point or singularity which has expanded over billions of years to form the universe as we now know it. What is a LIGHT YEAR? Why is it commonly used in astronomy? A unit of astronomical distance equivalent to the distance that light travels in one year, which is 9.46 × 1012 km. Calculation: Light moves at a velocity of about 300,000 kilometers (km) each second. No. of second in one year = 365 days x 24 hours x 60 mins x 60 secs = 31,536,000 sec Distance = Speed x Time = 300,000 x 31,536,000 = 9.46 × 1012 km. Light Year is used to measure the very far away distance between stars. Our nearest star (Proxima Centauri) is 4.2 light year away. Our Milky way is about 100,000–120,000 light-years in diameter which contains approximately 100–400 billion stars. Why is it difficult to travel to another star? The nearest star is 4.2 light years away. It will take If the spacecraft is 1000 km/hour, it will take 80,000 years to reach at a super-speed of 240,000 km/hr. What does E=mc2 stand for? E = mc2 is perhaps the most famous equation of all time. It stands for E(energy) = Mass times the Speed of Light (C) squared. What this means is that if you take the mass of an object and multiply it by the speed of light (2.9 x 10^8 metres per second) you will then have calculated the amount of energy. As you can see, even a tiny amount of mass when multiplied by such a huge number (C) yields an incredible amount of energy. Releasing that energy can do everything from power cities (a nuclear power plant) to destroy them (a nuclear bomb). What is the common name for all the radiation from the stars and matter in the universe? List all these radiations in order from long to short wavelengths. Electromagnetic Radiation Radiowaves Microwaves Infra-red Visible light Ultraviolet X-ryas Gamma rays Cosmic rays (Roy's Mother Is Visiting Uncle Xavier's Garden for a Coffee) 
What is the use of Radio telescope? Why is it more useful than optical telescope? An instrument used to detect radio emissions from the sky, whether from natural celestial objects or from artificial satellites. It can detect the star’s size, shape, movement, temperature, composition and location. It can detect tiny amounts of energy from vast distances away, through Earth’s atmosphere and dust and gases in deep space. It can be placed on Earth instead of the Hubble Space Telescope in space. What is a Space Shuttle? What is the use of space shuttles? The space shuttle is the "world's first reusable spacecraft," launching like a rocket, orbiting like a spacecraft, and landing like a plane. Space shuttles could carry satellites, space probes, and other cargo into orbit around Earth on both commercial and non-commercial missions. The space shuttle system was made up of three components: - Two white solid rocket boosters. They provided 80% of the launch thrust. - The external orange tank, which provided fuel to the space shuttle main engines during launch. - The white orbiter. It acted as the crew's home during the flight. The space shuttle normally took as many as seven astronauts to and from space. All of the components were reused except for the external fuel tank. It burned up in the atmosphere after launch. There were five orbiters in the shuttle program's history: Atlantis, Challenger, Columbia, Discovery and Endeavour. The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster occurred on January 28, 1986, when Space Shuttle Challenger (mission STS-51-L) broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, leading to the deaths of its seven crew members. The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster occurred on February 1, 2003, when, shortly before it was scheduled to conclude its 28th mission, STS-107, the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated over Texas and Louisiana as it reentered Earth's atmosphere, killing all seven crew members. What Did the Space Shuttle Do? It was used to launch satellites and serve as an orbiting science laboratory. Its crews repaired and improved other spacecraft, such as the Hubble Space Telescope. The shuttle was used for military missions. Finally, the space shuttle was mostly used to work on the International Space Station. How Did the Space Shuttle Launch and Land? 
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