Three additional utility programsOptions, SkipArg, and GetArgsare sufficiently useful to list here. None, however, is dependent on Win32.
Options.c
This function scans the command line for words with the "-" (hyphen) prefix, examines the individual characters, and sets Boolean parameters. It is similar to the UNIX getopt function, but it is not as powerful.
Program A-7. Options Function
/* Utility function to extract option flags from the command line. */
#include "EvryThng.h"
#include
DWORD Options (int argc, LPCTSTR argv [], LPCTSTR OptStr, ...)
/* argv is the command line. The options, if any, start
with a '-' in argv [1], argv [2], ....
OptStr is a text string containing all possible
options, in one-to-one correspondence with the addresses of
Boolean variables in the variable argument list (...). These
flags are set if and only if the corresponding option character
occurs in argv [1], argv [2], .... The return value is the argv
index of the first argument beyond the options. */
{
va_list pFlagList;
LPBOOL pFlag;
int iFlag = 0, iArg;
va_start (pFlagList, OptStr);
while ((pFlag = va_arg (pFlagList, LPBOOL)) != NULL
&& iFlag < (int) _tcslen (OptStr)) {
*pFlag = FALSE;
for (iArg = 1;
!(*pFlag) && iArg < argc &&
argv [iArg] [0] == '-';
iArg++)
*pFlag = _memtchr (argv [iArg], OptStr [iFlag],
_tcslen (argv [iArg])) != NULL;
iFlag++;
}
va_end (pFlagList);
for (iArg = 1; iArg < argc && argv [iArg] [0] == '-'; iArg++);
return iArg;
}
SkipArg.c
This function processes a command line string to skip over a white-space-delimited field. It is first used in timep, Program 6-2.
Program A-8. SkipArg Function
/* SkipArg.c
Skip one command line argument -- skip tabs and spaces. */
#include "EvryThng.h"
LPTSTR SkipArg (LPCTSTR targv)
{
LPTSTR p;
p = (LPTSTR) targv;
/* Skip up to the next tab or space. */
while (*p != '\0' && *p != TSPACE && *p != TAB) p++;
/* Skip over tabs and spaces to the next arg. */
while (*p != '\0' && (*p == TSPACE || *p == TAB)) p++;
return p;
}
GetArgs.c
This function scans a string for space- and tab-delimited words and puts the results in a string array passed to the function. It is useful for converting a command line string into an argv [] array, and it is used initially with JobShell in Chapter 6. The Win32 function CommandLineToArgvW performs the same function but is limited to Unicode characters.
Program A-9. GetArgs Function
/* GetArgs. Put command line string in argc/argv form. */
#include "EvryThng.h"
VOID GetArgs (LPCTSTR Command, int *pArgc, LPTSTR argstr [])
{
int i, icm = 0;
DWORD ic = 0;
for (i = 0; ic < _tcslen (Command); i++) {
while (ic < _tcslen (Command) &&
Command [ic] != TSPACE && Command [ic] != TAB) {
argstr [i] [icm] = Command [ic];
ic++; icm++;
}
argstr [i] [icm] = '\0';
while (ic < _tcslen (Command) &&
(Command [ic] == TSPACE || Command [ic] == TAB))
ic++;
icm = 0;
}
if (pArgc != NULL) *pArgc = i;
return;
}
Appendix B. Windows, UNIX, and C Library Comparisons
The tables in this appendix show the Windows (Win32 and Win64) functions described in the main text along with the corresponding UNIX/Linux[1] and ANSI Standard C library functions, if any.
[1] More precisely, "UNIX" means the POSIX functions specified in The Single UNIX Specification (http://www.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/007908799/). UNIX and Linux implement this specification. In turn, the specification has its historical origins in UNIX.
The tables are arranged by chapter (some chapters are combined). Within each chapter, they are sorted first by functionality area (file system, directory management, and so on) and then by the Windows function name.
Each table row gives the following information:
-
The functionality area (subject)
-
The Windows function name
-
The corresponding UNIX function name. In some cases, there are more than one.
-
The corresponding C library function name, if any
-
Comments as appropriate
The notation used in the tables requires some explanation.
-
The Microsoft Visual C++ library contains some UNIX compatibility functions. For example, _open is the compatibility library function for UNIX open. If the UNIX function is in italics, there is a compatibility function. An asterisk next to the name indicates that there is also a wide character Unicode version. For example, there is a _wopen function.
-
A program that uses just the Standard C library, and no Windows or UNIX system functions, should compile, build, and run on both systems if normal precautions are taken. Such a program will, however, be limited to file and I/O operations.
-
Commas separating functions indicate alternatives, often using different characteristics or emulating one aspect of the Windows function.
-
Semicolons separating functions indicate that you use the functions in sequence to emulate the Windows function. Thus, fork; exec corresponds to CreateProcess.
-
An underlined entry indicates a global variable, such as errno.
-
In a few cases, the UNIX equivalent may be stated imprecisely in terms such as "terminal I/O" for Windows functions such as AllocConsole. Often, "Use C library" is the appropriate comment, as in the case of GetTempFileName. In other cases, the situation is reversed. Thus, under the UNIX signal management functions (sigaddset and so on), the Windows entry is "Use SEHVEH" to indicate that the programmer should set up structured or vectored exception handlers and filter functions to get the desired behavior. Unlike UNIX, Windows does not support process groups, so the Windows entries are "N/A," although job management, as done by the programs in Chapter 6, could emulate process relationships.
-
There are numerous "N/A" entries, especially for the C library, if there is no comparable function or set of functions. This is the case, for example, with directory management.
-
The POSIX threads (Pthreads) functions are the UNIX equivalents shown in the tables for Chapters 710, even though they are not properly a part of UNIX. Furthermore, even though many UNIX implementations have their own synchronization objects similar to events, mutexes, and semaphores, there is no attempt to list them here.
Generally, the correspondence is more precise in the earlier chapters, particularly for file management. The systems tend to diverge with the more advanced functionality and, in many cases, there is no C library equivalent. For example, the UNIX and Windows security models differ significantly, so the relationships shown are, at best, approximations.
These functional correspondences are not exact. There are many differences, small and large, among the three systems. Therefore, these tables are only for guidance. The individual chapters discuss many of the differences.
Chapters 2 and 3: File and Directory Management
Subject
|
Windows
|
UNIX
|
C Library
|
Comments
|
Console I/O
|
AllocConsole
|
terminal I/O
|
N/A
|
|
Console I/O
|
FreeConsole
|
terminal I/O
|
N/A
|
|
Console I/O
|
ReadConsole
|
read
|
getc, scanf, gets
|
|
Console I/O
|
SetConsoleMode
|
ioctl
|
N/A
|
|
Console I/O
|
WriteConsole
|
write
|
putc, printf, puts
|
|
Directory Mgt
|
CreateDirectory
|
mkdir*
|
N/A
|
Make a new directory
|
Directory Mgt
|
FindClose
|
closedir*
|
N/A
|
Close a directory search handle
|
Directory Mgt
|
FindFirstFile
|
opendir*,readdir*
|
N/A
|
Find first file matching a pattern
|
Directory Mgt
|
FindNextFile
|
readdir*
|
N/A
|
Find subsequent files
|
Directory Mgt
|
GetCurrentDirectory
|
getcwd*
|
N/A
|
|
Directory Mgt
|
GetFullPathName
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Directory Mgt
|
GetSystemDirectory
|
Well-known pathnames
|
N/A
|
|
Directory Mgt
|
RemoveDirectory
|
rmdir, unlink*
|
remove
|
|
Directory Mgt
|
SearchPath
|
Use opendir, readdir
|
N/A
|
Search for a file on a specified path
|
Directory Mgt
|
SetCurrentDirectory
|
chdir*, fchdir
|
N/A
|
Change the working directory
|
Error Handling
|
FormatMessage
|
strerror
|
perror
|
|
Error Handling
|
GetLastError
|
errno
|
errno
|
Global variable
|
Error Handling
|
SetLastError
|
errno
|
errno
|
Global variable
|
File Locking
|
LockFile
|
fcntl (cmd=F_GETLK, ..)
|
N/A
|
|
File Locking
|
LockFileEx
|
fcntl (cmd=F_GETLK, ..)
|
N/A
|
|
File Locking
|
UnlockFile
|
fcntl (cmd=F_GETLK, ..)
|
N/A
|
|
File Locking
|
UnlockFileEx
|
fcntl (cmd=F_GETLK, ..)
|
N/A
|
|
File System
|
CloseHandle (file handle)
|
close*
|
fclose
|
CloseHandle is not limited to files
|
File System
|
CopyFile
|
open; read; write; close
|
fopen; fread; fwrite; fclose
|
Duplicate a file
|
File System
|
CreateFile
|
open*,creat*
|
fopen
|
Open/create a file
|
File System
|
DeleteFile
|
unlink*
|
remove
|
Delete a file
|
File System
|
FlushFileBuffers
|
fsynch
|
fflush
|
Write file buffers
|
File System
|
GetFileAttributes
|
stat*,fstat*, lstat
|
N/A
|
|
File System
|
GetFileInformationByHandle
|
stat*,fstat*, lstat
|
N/A
|
Fill structure with file info
|
File System
|
GetFileSize
|
stat*,fstat*, lstat
|
ftell, fseek
|
Get length of file in bytes
|
File System
|
GetFileTime
|
stat*,fstat*, lstat
|
N/A
|
|
File System
|
GetFileType
|
stat*,fstat*, lstat
|
N/A
|
Check for character stream device or file
|
File System
|
GetStdHandle
|
Use file desc 0, 1, or 2
|
Use stdin, stdout, stderr
|
|
File System
|
GetTempFileName
|
Use C library
|
tmpnam
|
Create a unique file name
|
File System
|
GetTempFileName, CreateFile
|
Use C library
|
tmpfile
|
Create a temporary file
|
File System
|
GetTempPath
|
/temp path
|
N/A
|
Directory for temp files
|
File System
|
MoveFile, MoveFileEx
|
Use C library
|
rename
|
Rename a file or directory
|
File System
|
CreateHardLink
|
link,unlink*
|
N/A
|
Windows does not support links
|
File System
|
N/A
|
symlink
|
N/A
|
Create a symbolic link
|
File System
|
N/A
|
readlink
|
N/A
|
Read name in a symbolic link
|
File System
|
N/A, ReadFile returns 0 bytes
|
N/A, read returns 0 bytes
|
feof
|
Rest for end of file
|
File System
|
N/A, use multiple ReadFiles
|
readv
|
N/A, use multiple freads
|
Scatter read
|
File System
|
N/A, use multiple WriteFiles
|
writev
|
N/A, use multiple fwrites
|
Gather write
|
File System
|
ReadFile
|
read
|
fread
|
Read data from a file
|
File System
|
SetEndOfFile
|
chsize*
|
N/A
|
|
File System
|
SetFileAttributes
|
fcntl
|
N/A
|
|
File System
|
SetFilePointer
|
lseek
|
fseek
|
Set file pointer
|
FileSystem
|
SetFilePointer (to 0)
|
lseek (0)
|
rewind
|
|
File System
|
SetFileTime
|
utime*
|
N/A
|
|
File System
|
SetStdHandle
|
close,dup*,dup2*, or fcntl
|
freopen
|
dup2 or fcntl
|
File System
|
WriteFile
|
write
|
fwrite
|
Write data to a file
|
System Info
|
GetdiskFreeSpace
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
System Info
|
GetSystemInfo
|
getrusage
|
N/A
|
|
System Info
|
GetVersion
|
uname
|
N/A
|
|
System Info
|
GetVolumeInformation
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
System Info
|
GlobalMemoryStatus
|
getrlimit
|
N/A
|
|
System Info
|
Various defined constants
|
sysconf, pathconf, fpathconf
|
N/A
|
|
Time
|
GetSystemTime
|
Use C library
|
time, gmtime
|
|
Time
|
See ls program, Program 3-2
|
Use C library
|
asctime
|
|
Time
|
CompareFileTime
|
Use C library
|
difftime
|
Compare "calendar" times
|
Time
|
FileTimeToLocalFileTime, FileTimeToSystemTime
|
Use C library
|
localtime
|
|
Time
|
FileTimeToSystemTime
|
Use C library
|
gmtime
|
|
Time
|
GetLocalTime
|
Use C library
|
time, localtime
|
|
Time
|
See touch program, Program 3-3
|
Use C library
|
strftime
|
|
Time
|
SetLocalTime
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Time
|
SetSystemTime
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Time
|
Subtract file times
|
Use C library
|
difftime
|
|
Time
|
SystemTimeToFileTime
|
Use C library
|
mktime
|
|
|
Chapter 4: Exception Handling
Subject
|
Windows
|
UNIX
|
C Library
|
SEH
|
_TRy _except
|
Use C library signals
|
Use C library signals
|
SEH
|
_try _finally
|
Use C library signals
|
Use C library signals
|
SEH
|
AbnormalTermination
|
Use C library signals
|
Use C library signals
|
SEH
|
GetExceptionCode
|
Use C library signals
|
Use C library signals
|
SEH
|
RaiseException
|
Use C library signals
|
signal, raise
|
Signals
|
Use _finally block
|
Use C library
|
atexit
|
Signals
|
Use C library or terminate process
|
kill
|
raise
|
Signals
|
Use C library
|
Use C library
|
signal
|
Signals
|
Use SEH, VEH
|
sigemptyset
|
N/A
|
Signals
|
Use SEH, VEH
|
sigfillset
|
N/A
|
Signals
|
Use SEH, VEH
|
sigaddset
|
N/A
|
Signals
|
Use SEH, VEH
|
sigdelset
|
N/A
|
Signals
|
Use SEH, VEH
|
sigismember
|
N/A
|
Signals
|
Use SEH, VEH
|
sigprocmask
|
N/A
|
Signals
|
Use SEH, VEH
|
sigpending
|
N/A
|
Signals
|
Use SEH, VEH
|
sigaction
|
N/A
|
Signals
|
Use SEH, VEH
|
sigsetjmp
|
N/A
|
Signals
|
Use SEH, VEH
|
siglongjmp
|
N/A
|
Signals
|
Use SEH, VEH
|
sigsuspendf
|
N/A
|
Signals
|
Use SEH, VEH
|
psignal
|
N/A
|
Signals
|
Use SEH, VEH, or C library
|
Use C library
|
abort
|
Note: Many UNIX vendors provide proprietary exception handling capabilities.
|
|
Chapter 5: Memory Management, Memory-Mapped Files, and DLLs
Subject
|
Windows
|
UNIX
|
C Library
|
Mapped Files
|
CreateFileMapping
|
shmget
|
N/A
|
Mapped Files
|
MapViewOfFile
|
mmap, shmat
|
N/A
|
Mapped Files
|
MapViewOfFileEx
|
mmap, shmat
|
N/A
|
Mapped Files
|
OpenFileMapping
|
shmget
|
N/A
|
Mapped Files
|
UnmapViewOfFile
|
munmap, shmdt, shmctl
|
N/A
|
Memory Mgt
|
GetProcessHeap
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Memory Mgt
|
GetSystemInfo
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Memory Mgt
|
HeapAlloc
|
sbrk, brk, or C library
|
malloc, calloc
|
Memory Mgt
|
HeapCreate
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Memory Mgt
|
HeapDestroy
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Memory Mgt
|
HeapFree
|
Use C library
|
free
|
Memory Mgt
|
HeapReAlloc
|
Use C library
|
realloc
|
Memory Mgt
|
HeapSize
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Shared Memory
|
CloseHandle (map handle)
|
shmctl
|
N/A
|
Shared Memory
|
CreateFileMapping, OpenFileMapping
|
shmget
|
N/A
|
Shared Memory
|
MapViewOfFile
|
shmat
|
N/A
|
Shared Memory
|
UnmapViewOfFile
|
shmdt
|
N/A
|
DLLs
|
LoadLibrary
|
dlopen
|
N/A
|
DLLs
|
FreeLibrary
|
dlclose
|
N/A
|
DLLs
|
GetProcAddress
|
dlsyn
|
N/A
|
DLLs
|
DllMain
|
pthread_once
|
N/A
|
|
Subject
|
Windows
|
UNIX
|
C Library
|
Comments
|
Process Mgt
|
CreateProcess
|
fork ();execl ()*, system()
|
N/A
|
There are 6 execxx functions
|
Process Mgt
|
ExitProcess
|
_exit
|
exit
|
|
Process Mgt
|
GetCommandLine
|
argv []
|
argv []
|
|
Process Mgt
|
GetCurrentProcess
|
getpid*
|
N/A
|
|
Process Mgt
|
GetCurrentProcessId
|
getpid*
|
N/A
|
|
Process Mgt
|
GetEnvironmentStrings
|
N/A
|
getenv
|
|
Process Mgt
|
GetEnvironmentVariable
|
N/A
|
getenv
|
|
Process Mgt
|
GetExitCodeProcess
|
wait, waitpid
|
N/A
|
|
Process Mgt
|
GetProcessTimes
|
times, wait3, wait4
|
N/A
|
|
Process Mgt
|
GetProcessWorkingSetSize
|
wait3, wait4
|
N/A
|
|
Process Mgt
|
N/A
|
execl*, execv*, execle*, execve*, execlp*, execvp*
|
N/A
|
Windows does not have a direct equivalent
|
Process Mgt
|
N/A
|
fork, vfork
|
N/A
|
Windows does not have a direct equivalent
|
Process Mgt
|
N/A
|
getppid
|
N/A
|
No parent/child relationships in Windows
|
Process Mgt
|
N/A
|
getgid, getegid
|
N/A
|
No process groups in Windows
|
Process Mgt
|
N/A
|
getpgrp
|
N/A
|
|
Process Mgt
|
N/A
|
setpgid
|
N/A
|
|
Process Mgt
|
N/A
|
setsid
|
N/A
|
|
Process Mgt
|
N/A
|
tcgetpgrp
|
N/A
|
|
Process Mgt
|
N/A
|
tcsetpgrp
|
N/A
|
|
Process Mgt
|
OpenProcess
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Process Mgt
|
SetEnvironmentVariable
|
putenv
|
N/A
|
putenv is not part of the Standard C library
|
Process Mgt
|
TerminateProcess
|
kill
|
N/A
|
|
Synch: Process
|
WaitForMultipleObjects (process handles)
|
waitpid
|
N/A
|
|
Synch: Process
|
WaitForSingleObject (process handle)
|
wait, waitpid
|
N/A
|
|
Timers
|
KillTimer
|
alarm (0)
|
N/A
|
|
Timers
|
SetTimer
|
alarm
|
N/A
|
|
Timers
|
Sleep
|
sleep
|
N/A
|
|
Timers
|
Sleep
|
poll or select, no file descriptor
|
N/A
|
|
|
Chapter 7: Threads and Scheduling
Subject
|
Windows
|
UNIX/Pthreads
|
Comments
|
Thread Mgt
|
CreateRemoteThread
|
N/A
|
|
TLS
|
TlsAlloc
|
pthread_key_alloc
|
|
TLS
|
TlsFree
|
pthread_key_delete
|
|
TLS
|
TlsGetValue
|
pthread_getspecific
|
|
TLS
|
TlsSetValue
|
pthread_setspecific
|
|
Thread Mgt
|
CreateThread, _beginthreadex
|
pthread_create
|
|
Thread Mgt
|
ExitThread, _endthreadex
|
pthread_exit
|
|
Thread Mgt
|
GetCurrentThread
|
pthread_self
|
|
Thread Mgt
|
GetCurrentThreadId
|
N/A
|
|
Thread Mgt
|
GetExitCodeThread
|
pthread_yield
|
|
Thread Mgt
|
ResumeThread
|
N/A
|
|
Thread Mgt
|
SuspendThread
|
N/A
|
|
Thread Mgt
|
TerminateThread
|
pthread_cancel
|
pthread_cancel is safer
|
Thread Mgt
|
WaitForSingleObject(thread handle)
|
pthread_join
|
|
Thread Priority
|
GetPriorityClass
|
pthread_attr_getschedpolicy, getpriority
|
|
Thread Priority
|
GetThreadPriority
|
pthread_attr_getschedparam
|
|
Thread Priority
|
SetPriorityClass
|
pthread_attr_setschedpolicy, setpriority, nice
|
|
Thread Priority
|
SetThreadPriority
|
pthread_attr_setschedparam
|
|
Note: Pthreads, while a part of all modern UNIX offerings, are available on non-UNIX systems as well.
|
|
Chapters 810: Thread Synchronization
Subject
|
Windows
|
UNIX/Pthreads
|
Comments
|
Synch: CritSec
|
DeleteCriticalSection
|
Use mutexes to emulate critical sections. Some systems provide proprietary equivalents.
|
C library is not applicable
|
Synch: CritSec
|
EnterCriticalSection
|
C library is not applicable
|
Synch: CritSec
|
InitializeCriticalSection
|
|
Synch: CritSec
|
LeaveCriticalSection
|
|
Synch: Event
|
CloseHandle (event handle)
|
pthread_cond_destroy
|
|
Synch: Event
|
CreateEvent
|
pthread_cond_init
|
|
Synch: Event
|
PulseEvent
|
pthread_cond_signal
|
Manual-reset event
|
Synch: Event
|
ResetEvent
|
N/A
|
|
Synch: Event
|
SetEvent
|
pthread_cond_broadcast
|
Auto-reset event
|
Synch: Event
|
WaitForSingleObject (event handle)
|
pthread_cond_wait
|
|
Synch: Event
|
WaitForSingleObject (event handle)
|
pthread_timed_wait
|
|
Synch: Mutex
|
CloseHandle (mutex handle)
|
pthread_mutex_destroy
|
|
Synch: Mutex
|
CreateMutex
|
pthread_mutex_init
|
|
Synch: Mutex
|
ReleaseMutex
|
pthread_mutex_unlock
|
|
Synch: Mutex
|
WaitForSingleObject (mutex handle)
|
pthread_mutex_lock
|
|
Synch: Sem
|
CreateSemaphore
|
semget
|
|
Synch: Sem
|
N/A
|
semctl
|
Windows does not directly support all these options
|
Synch: Sem
|
OpenSemaphore
|
semget
|
|
Synch: Sem
|
ReleaseSemaphore
|
semop (+)
|
|
Synch: Sem
|
WaitForSingleObject (semaphore handle)
|
semop (-)
|
Windows can wait for only one count
|
|
Chapter 11: Interprocess Communication
Subject
|
Windows
|
UNIX
|
C Library
|
Comments
|
IPC
|
CallNamedPipe
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
CreateFile, WriteFile, ReadFile, CloseHandle
|
IPC
|
CloseHandle (pipe handle)
|
close, msgctl
|
pclose
|
Not part of the Standard C librarysee Stevens
|
IPC
|
ConnectNamedPipe
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
IPC
|
CreateMailslot
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
IPC
|
CreateNamedPipe
|
mkfifo, msgget
|
N/A
|
|
IPC
|
CreatePipe
|
pipe
|
popen
|
Not part of the Standard C librarysee Stevens
|
IPC
|
DuplicateHandle
|
dup, dup2, or fcntl
|
N/A
|
Or use file names CONIN$, CONOUT$
|
IPC
|
GetNamedPipeHandleState
|
stat, fstat, lstat64
|
N/A
|
|
IPC
|
GetNamedPipeInfo
|
stat, fstat, lstat
|
N/A
|
|
IPC
|
ImpersonateNamedPipeClient
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
IPC
|
PeekNamedPipe
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
IPC
|
ReadFile (named pipe handle)
|
read (fifo), msgsnd
|
N/A
|
|
IPC
|
RevertToSelf
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
IPC
|
SetNamedPipeHandleState
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
IPC
|
transactNamedPipe
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
WriteFile; ReadFile
|
IPC
|
WriteFile (named pipe handle)
|
write (fifo), msgrcv
|
N/A
|
|
Misc.
|
GetComputerName
|
uname
|
N/A
|
|
Misc.
|
SetComputerName
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Security
|
SetNamedPipeIdentity
|
Use directory sticky bit
|
N/A
|
|
|
Chapter 14: Asynchronous I/O
Subject
|
Windows
|
UNIX
|
C Library
|
Comments
|
Asynch I/O
|
GetOverlappedResult
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
|
Asynch I/O
|
ReadFileEx
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Extended I/O with completion routine
|
Asynch I/O
|
SleepEx
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Alertable wait
|
Asynch I/O
|
WaitForMultipleObjects (file handles)
|
poll, select
|
N/A
|
|
Asynch I/O
|
WaitForMultipleObjectsEx
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Alertable wait
|
Asynch I/O
|
WriteFileEx
|
N/A
|
N/A
|
Extended I/O with completion routine
|
Asynch I/O
|
WaitForSingleObjectEx
|
waitpid
|
N/A
|
Alertable wait
|
|
Chapter 15: Securing Windows Objects
Subject
|
Windows
|
UNIX
|
Comments
|
Security
|
AddAccessAllowedAce
|
chmod, fchmod
|
C library does not support security
|
Security
|
AddAccessDeniedAce
|
chmod, fchmod
|
Security
|
AddAuditAce
|
N/A
|
Security
|
CreatePrivateObjectSecurity
|
N/A
|
Security
|
DeleteAce
|
chmod, fchmod
|
Security
|
DestroyPrivateObjectSecurity
|
N/A
|
Security
|
GetAce
|
stat*,fstat*, lstat
|
Security
|
GetAclInformation
|
stat*,fstat*, lstat
|
Security
|
GetFileSecurity
|
stat*,fstat*, lstat
|
Security
|
GetPrivateObjectSecurity
|
N/A
|
Security
|
GetSecurityDescriptorDacl
|
stat*,fstat*, lstat
|
Security
|
GetUserName
|
getlogin
|
Security
|
InitializeAcl
|
N/A
|
Security
|
InitializeSecurityDescriptor
|
Umask
|
Security
|
LookupAccountName
|
getpwnam, getgrnam
|
Security
|
LookupAccountSid
|
getpwuid, getuid, geteuid
|
Security
|
N/A
|
getpwend, setpwent, endpwent
|
Security
|
N/A
|
getgrent, setgrent, endgrent
|
Security
|
N/A
|
Setuid, seteuid, setreuid
|
Security
|
N/A
|
Setgid, setegid, setregid
|
Security
|
OpenProcessToken
|
getgroups, setgroups, initgroups
|
Security
|
SetFileSecurity
|
chmod*, fchmod
|
Security
|
SetPrivateObjectSecurity
|
N/A
|
Security
|
SetSecurityDescriptorDacl
|
Umask
|
Security
|
SetSecurityDescriptorGroup
|
chown, fchown, lchown
|
Security
|
SetSecurityDescriptorOwner
|
chown, fchown, lchown
|
Security
|
SetSecurityDescriptorSacl
|
N/A
|
|
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