Wireless Communications: Past, Present, and Future
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- VIII.WIRELESS INTERNET
- IX.Conclusions
VII.BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY
The name Bluetooth is actually the nickname for Harold Blaatand “Bluetooth” II. “Bluetooth” was the King of Denmark from 940 – 981 A.D. In 1994, Ericsson, the Swedish inventor of the technology decided to name the technology after the local hero.The continuing technology of Bluetooth may not have been possible if it was not for the collaboration of nine major telecom and computer companies. The following companies that make up the Bluetooth Special Interest Group are: Toshiba, Nokia, Motorola, Microsoft, Lucent, IBM, Intel, Ericsson, and 3Com. These big inventors made this technology possible. From around the world, another thirteen hundred companies have contributed to the Bluetooth technology; thus making it the fastest growing industry of its time.
Bluetooth is the next generation of information transportation across the globe. The old way to transport information was across a cable, being either a phone line or even a coaxial cable. But this next generation of transferring information is wireless. It eliminates the need for inconvenient cables. The more peripheral devices attached to your old network, the more cables that will be bunched up and in the way for employees to trip over.The Bluetooth technology works by inserting the Bluetooth microchip into each peripheral device such as printers, PDA’s, desktops, fax machines, keyboards, and almost any other digital devices can be part of the Bluetooth system on your network. Once enabled, each connection is made instantly and the devices do not even have to be within line sight of each other. The frequent is globally recognized so that when this technology spreads, it can be a standard. This technology is fast, efficient, and can be incorporated in all digital devices. The architecture of Bluetooth is a design that has been divided into easily describable independent layers. The Bluetooth Protocol Stack has been developed to show these layers. After reading from multiple sources, the basic structure is follows: The protocol stack consists of a radio layer at the bottom which forms the physical connection interface. The baseband and Link Manager Protocol (LMP) that reside over it are basically meant to establish and control links between Bluetooth devices. These three bottom layers are typically implemented in hardware/firmware. The Host Controller layer is required to interface the Bluetooth hardware to the upper protocol-L2CAP (Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol). The host controllers are required only when the L2CAP resides in software in the host. If the L2CAP is also on the Bluetooth module, this layer may not be required as then the L2CAP can directly communicate with the LMP and baseband. VIII.WIRELESS INTERNETIn Japan more than 2 million people use their wireless handsets to send e-mail and access the Internet. In Finland, where 90 percent of the teenagers have wireless phone, people can use their handsets to buy Coke or pay for a car wash. Currently, a large amount of information exists in the Internet that can meet very diverse needs. This is clearly a good match for mobile wireless users while traveling from place to place. It has been projected that most handsets will be equipped with Wireless Application Protocols (WAP) and Wireless Java in a few years for wireless Internet applications. When Internet information can be delivered wirelessly according to handset geolocation information, it becomes even more valuable and convenient. To deliver an Internet wirelessly, good packet-switched networks are desired. This raises the question as to whether voice over IP will be feasible and an all-IP wireless network possible for efficient delivery of both voice and data once data traffic is comparable to o more than voice. In 3G systems, packet-switched data channels will be available for efficient data delivery. However, an all-wireless IP network for both voice and data may not be widespread for the air interface of wireless mobile application sin the near future. This is because the IP protocols have a large amount of overhead that will reduce spectral efficiency when used for voice applications. It may also suffer intolerable delays because bandwidths for wireless mobile applications are still limited and sometimes expensive to obtain. For the interface between the base station and the network, or the air interface for fixed wireless and others, an all-IP network will be feasible. However, the conversion is likely to be through asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) before transition to all-IP network. ATM implementation will guarantee quality delivery for both voice and data, and allow the additional time needed to perfect the IP network and build up the needed bandwidth. Once large bandwidth is secured, and all-IP network can be implemented to deliver both voice and data across different networks. Currently, voice is transmitted through circuit-switched mobile switching centers (MSCs), whereas data are likely transmitted through routers, bypassing the MSCs. A single softswicth will likely to replace separate MSCs and routers in the future. The integration of voice and data delivery will reduce network costs and promote unified operation, administration, and maintenance. IX.ConclusionsIn this paper, we have outlined the development of some major wireless communication devices. It is noted that the advancement of this technology has been a cumulative efforts from many individuals, rather than work of sole individual. History has proven that wireless communication have already changed the way people communicate with each other. While the progress has been impressive, much more is yet to come that will revolutionize communications as we know it, leading eventually to communicating with anyone or any device at any time. The demands of the next-century customer are difficult to anticipate. It is clear, however, that in the next years to come, people will communicate with more means than just voice. There is a desire to communicate simultaneously using speech, viewing, and data. The speed of the communication will also be important. In summary, wireless technologies are capable of meeting the challenge to provide a wide range of new services and therefore have the potential to be the dominant mode of access in the future. Reference
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