1. Which of the following is true about the practice of "marking"?
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| JS 1. Which of the following is true about the practice of “marking”?
a. Usually focuses on a specific aspect of a movement b. Abstracts from the full movement c. Is dinstinct in its effect on performance from full-out practice d. Is an imperfect simulation of the desired outcome
JS 2. Which of the following is considered a possible explanation for the continued use of multiple modalities in embodied cognitive processes such as the dancing discussed by Dr. Kirsh? a. Using multiple modalities helps foster creativity in the activity. b. One modality may include information on aspects the other cannot. c. “Leakage” prevents practice in only one modality.
e. None of the above. JS 4. True or False: Practicing with imperfect models always produces inferior results compared to practicing with complete ones. a. True
b. False JS 5. Mirror Neuron systems are a key aspect of human cognitive ability. These systems perform what function within the brain? a. Activate while observing others performing a task in the same pattern as if the observer was performing the task, with the exception of motor area activation. b. Cue the brain via motor area activation to imitate observed actions in order to practice motor sequences. c. Aid in memory of complex motor sequences by encoding mirrored versions of the sequence, helping to reproduce the sequence in many different orientations. d. Create spatial maps of visual imagery across a plane of symmetry to help navigate the environment. e. Synthesize different modalities for increased creativity. SD1: T / F: Embodied cognition is the theory that all cognition happens in the brain. a. True
b. False SD2: What is the phenomenon of “marking” in dance? a. Practicing movements with reduced energy. b. Marking off your designated space in the dance floor. c. A method of practicing a dance move by focusing on a specific aspect. d. Both a and c e. None of the above. SD3: T / F: While people are “marking” they are imagining in their mind the complete action that is not reflected in their movements.
b. False
SD4: What is the limitation of analog computation? a. Analog computations can be less precise than digital computation. b. There are no limitations of analog computation. c. Analog computation is more difficult than digital computation. d. Analog computation is more time consuming than other methods of computation. SD5: According to Professor Kirsh, what form of dancing if the most beneficial for practice excluding the dynamics of dance? a. Full out performance b. Marking c. Mental simulation d. Regular practice
a. Projection, Imagination, Perception b. Imagination, Perception, Projection
d. Imagination, Projection, Perception e. None of the above WC 2. In the phenomenology of projection, perception is ____ while imagination _____. a. the interpretation of an object in our mind; is the knowledge that an object really exists b. the feeling that we are one with the object; is the knowledge that an object really exists c. seeing an object that really exists; of an object is the feeling that we are the sole cause of the experience d. a way of anchoring and object to a target; of an object is the feeling that we are the sole cause of the experience e. None of the above. WC 3. What is the evidence suggesting that external structure helps thinking and performance? a. Weak visualizers spend more time to play a tic tac toe game than strong visualizers b. Weak visualizers take longer to play a tic tac toe game when they are asked to play the game with a pen on paper than via the internet c. Weak visualizers spend less time to play a tic tac toe game when they are allowed to look at a table drawing on paper than nothing on paper. d. The benefits of perception decrease as the complexity of the thing to be imagined decreases. e. None of the above. WC 4. The study on expert dancers and marking demonstrated that: a. Marking was significantly better than full-out overall on the measures of memory, technicality, and timing. b. Mental simulation was not significantly worse than marking in all measures. c. Full-out was significantly better than marking on all measures. d. Marking and full-out did not show differences in performance on all measures. e. Marking was significantly better than full-out specifically on the measure of dynamics. WC5. The following are attributes that apply to the phenomenon of marking in dance: a. Dancers use it as a technique to not fully go all out and risk injury during practice. b. Dancers represent a full dance phrase with less effort and detail in motion c. Marking is the same aless physically expressive thans mental simulation.
e. b & c. LS1. Dr. Kirsh showed a video of two people making their fingers dance to music. Which of the following was he trying to illustrate? a. Marking b. Purely mental simulation c. Riffing d. Leakage e. Digital computation LS2. Which of the following is an example of marking? a. Fully executing a dance, as in a final performance in front of an audience
c. Leakage d. Purely mental simulation e. Riffing LS 3. Using nonessential (i.e. epiphenomenal) gestures while speaking is an example of: a. Marking b. Riffing
e. Analog computation LS 4. In Dr. Kirsh’s study of the effectiveness of marking compared to full practice and mental simulation among dancers, he collected data from dancers. Which of the following was NOT a performance measure in this study? a. Technicality b. Memory c. Dynamics d. Timing e. Leakage LS 5. In Dr. Kirsh’s study of the effectiveness of marking, full practice, and mental simulation among dancers, which of the following did he find? a. Marking, full practice, and mental simulation were equally effective. b. Marking and full practice were equally effective, but mental simulation was not as effective. c. Mental simulation and full practice were equally effective, but marking was not effective at all. d. Full practice was most effective, followed by marking, and then mental simulation. e. Marking was most effective, followed by full practice, and then mental simulation. BT1. The act of marking refers to: a. Projecting a visual image onto a given template for cognitive understandings. b. Accompanying unnecessaryAdding extraneous gestures toward goal-driven actions. c. Utilizing external factors to coordinate behaviors and movements.
e. b and d BT2. In the experiment with dancers performing full-out routines, marked routines, and simulation, researchers have noted that:
b. Simulating the performance allowed dancers to perform remarkably well compared with the other two parties. c. All performed at a similar baseline level. d. Practicing the dance full-out prior to the performance better prepared dancers and allowed them to excel over the other two parties. e. Marked rehearsals showed significantly better performances during shorter intervals of practice, but weren’t effective during longer intervals. BT3. True or False: While embodied cognition mainly utilized environmental factors, distributed cognition occurs mainly in the brain. a. True
BT4. Which of the following is NOT a factor in judging performances of dancers when looking at effectiveness of marking? a. Dynamics b. Memory c. Choreography d. Technicality e. Timing
b. False
DM1: What were the results of Kirsh' projection experiment? a. In the 3x3, projection subjects performed worse than the imagination group, but did better than the imagination group in the 4x4 trial. b. Projection subjects performed better in both trials compared to the imagination group c. Projection subjects performed worse in both trials compared to the imagination group d. In the 4x4, projection subjects performed worse than the imagination group, but did better than the imagination group in the 3x3 trial. e. Projection subjects shown an 'X' and 'O' unanimously performed better. DM 2: Practicing with which of the following methods provided the best overall performance in learning a dance phrase? a. Large Marking b. Small Marking c. Full-out d. Half-pace e. Full-pace
a. Memory b. Technicality c. Timing d. Dynamics e. Reactivity DM 4: On David Kirsh' view, cognition a. Is something only our brains do b. Involves symbolic manipulation and a central model c. Is done withinvolves the body d. involvesIs done with external objects
DM 5: True or False: placing an 'X' and an 'O' above a tic-tac-toe grid aids projection performance. a. True
KC1. Who is most likely to perform marking? a. Ballet dancer b. Cellist c. Irish river dancer
e. None of the above. KC2. What is the difference between large and small marking? a. Large helps you think about the task, small helps you learn about the task. b. Small marking requires less energy than large marking. c. There is no difference between the two. d. Only cellists use large marking. e. None of the above. KC3. What was the significant finding of the Tic-Tac-Toe experiment? a. People could not perform well on tasks involving games b. People performed best when they had a grid plus an ‘X’ and an ‘O’ attached.
d. All of the above e. None of the above KC4. _______is imagination ___________ to an external structure. a. Projection, anchored b. Anchored, projection c. Marking, projection d. Riffing, marking e. None of the above KC5. What is riffing? a. Riffing is the imperfect copying of others performance at a task b. It is the act of performing a musical number c. Riffing is the act of smaller marking in ballet artists d. Riffing is the act of larger marking in cellists e. None of the above
JS 3. The term “embodied cognition” most closely relates to which of the following? a. The usefulness of imagining a complex sequence of movements before performing them. b. The social meanings of everyday activities and their cultural significance. c. The ability of humans to “think” using their anatomy in distinct ways. d. The practice of projecting physical representations of mental processes to aid performance. e. The creative benefits imparted by using multiple modalities. (controversial) SD4: What is the limitation of analog computation? a. Analog computations can be more expensive than digital computation. b. There are no limitations of analog computation. c. Analog computation is more difficult than digital computation. d. Analog computation is more time consuming than other methods of computation. (riffing can refer to self-generated movement or copying of another’s movement) KC5. What is riffing? a. Riffing is the imperfect copying of others performance at a task b. It is the act of performing a musical number c. Riffing is the act of smaller marking in ballet artists d. Riffing is the act of larger marking in cellists e. None of the above Directory: ~ajyu -> Teaching -> Cogs1 sp13 -> QuestionsPool -> 03 DavidKirsh0411 03 DavidKirsh0411 -> A marking b purely mental simulation c riffing d leakage e digital computation Which of the following is an example of marking? a fully executing a dance Download 38.15 Kb. Share with your friends:
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