1Introduction
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- 2Pre-Laboratory Exercises
- 3Lab Exercise
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- 5What to Hand In
Tufts University EE14 Lab EECS Department Fall 2002 Super Mario Bros on the Motorola 68HC12 1IntroductionThe practical objective of this lab is to further advance your knowledge of the 68HC12 microprocessor by first gaining familiarity with the timing registers, and second applying that knowledge to write an assembly program that will play a song through a little PC speaker attached to the 68HC12 evaluation board. This will be accomplished by completing a number of Pre-Laboratory exercises described in Part 2, below. The Motorola CPU12 Reference Manual (located at each lab station or online1) is an excellent source of information on the internal registers of the 68HC12. It is necessary to read at least Section 12: Standard Timer Module. The code for the Super Mario Bros theme song is attached to this exercise. Either use this song in your program or create your own song based on the notes and lengths used in the Super Mario Bros code. This laboratory exercise assumes prior knowledge of basic programming, but the use of subroutines and loops will be introduced. This exercise can also be done with interrupts, but it is not necessary. The following is the code for interrupt vector definitions stored in RAM on the 68HC12 evaluation board: BDLC equ $0B10 ATD equ $0B12 SCI equ $0B16 SPI equ $0B18 Pulse_Edge equ $0B1A Pulse_Overflow equ $0B1C Timer_Overflow equ $0B1E Timer_Ch7 equ $0B20 Timer_Ch6 equ $0B22 Timer_Ch5 equ $0B24 Timer_Ch4 equ $0B26 Timer_Ch3 equ $0B28 Timer_Ch2 equ $0B2A Timer_Ch1 equ $0B2C Timer_Ch0 equ $0B2E Real_Time equ $0B30 IRQ equ $0B32 XIRQ equ $0B3F intSWI equ $0B36 COP_fail equ $0B3A COP_clk_fail equ $0B3C Reset equ $0B3E The interrupt vectors that could be used to complete this lab are Timer Overflow, Timer Channel 0-7 and the Real time interrupt. http://www.motorola.com.cn/semiconductors/mcudsp/forms/databook/hc12/M68HC12B.PDF is the online manual for the board. 2Pre-Laboratory ExercisesRead Section 12: ‘Standard Timer Module’ from the 68HC12 manual. Answer the following questions to hand in with your laboratory report.
3Lab ExerciseThere are a few subroutines that your program could have: Initialize: Initialize the counters, set the prescale factor, and clear all flags. GetNote: Get the notes one by one and increment the song array. PlayNote: This subroutine should play each note, monitor the length of the note, and call the subroutine that will get the next note. It also needs to control the beat of the song. Each note (including rest notes) needs to be followed by silence of a reasonable length chosen by the programmer. This length will have an affect on the tempo of the song. A couple suggestions for a reasonable length of the “beat” are 1/32nd or 1/64th of a second. These lengths are based on the whole note being equivalent to one second. In the loops that play and test the note it is important to optimize your code for efficiency. Having optimized code does not necessarily mean fewer lines of code, but rather less cycles to complete a task. This is why it is important to know the number of cycles for each instruction. In the laboratory, you will be given a PC speaker to test if your song plays. One of the two wires of the PC speaker should be connected to Vcc pin-out and the other can be connected to a port of your choice, such as the output compare 2 port which corresponds to bit 2 of port B. When you successfully run your program, play your song for the TA. If you choose to use the Super Mario Bros theme in place of your own song, it must be loaded into the EEPROM. The start of the user code/data section of the EEPROM is at $0D00. If you have trouble loading the data into the EEPROM you can load half of the song into the RAM ($0800-$0900) and then use the “move” command in the terminal screen, such as move 0800 09ff 0d00. If you composed your own song and it is short enough you can just load it into RAM. However if both your code and the song are more than 512 bytes then you will have to store the song in the EEPROM. 4Questions
5What to Hand InThe student is required to hand in a formal, typed write-up for this lab. The report should include a cover page, a typed version of the Pre-Laboratory exercises in Part 2 as well as a printout of the .lst and .asm files from Part 3 with a TA’s signature, problems you encountered, and answers to questions from Part 4 of the lab. Your reports will be graded based on content, organization, neatness, and tardiness. ********************************************************************* *|][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][]][][|* *| |*
*| |* *| SUPER MARIOS BROS: Playing a song on 68HC12 |* *| |* *| |*
*|][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][][]][][|* ********************************************************************* * * * For long songs, load the data into the EEPROM * * by storing it in a separate file, data.asm, org'ed * * at $0800, then in HyperTerminal, type "move 0800 0XXX 0d00" * * where 0XXX is the last address of your data. * * *
********************************************************************* ********************************************************************* * Port Definitions * ********************************************************************* TIOS equ $80 ; Timer Input Capture/Output Compare Select TCNT equ $84 ; Timer Counter TSCR equ $86 ; Timer System Control TCTL2 equ $89 ; Timer Control 2 TMSK1 equ $8C ; Timer Interrupt Mask 1 TMSK2 equ $8D ; Timer Interrupt Mask 2 TFLG1 equ $8E ; Timer Interrupt Flag 1 TC0 equ $90 ; TIC/TOC 0 TC2 equ $94 ; TIC/TOC 2
* Notes Lengths * ********************************************************************* nWHOLE equ 128 ;whole note is 1 second nHALF equ 64 n4TH equ 32 n8TH equ 16 n16TH equ 8 n32ND equ 4 n64TH equ 2 n128TH equ 1 nSTEP equ n64TH THEEND equ $FFFF
* Notes Frequencies * ********************************************************************* REST equ 0 ; No sound C0 equ 31312 ; Freq is in Hz 65.40639133 Db0 equ 29555 ; Freq is in Hz 69.29565774 D0 equ 27896 ; Freq is in Hz 73.41619198 Eb0 equ 26330 ; Freq is in Hz 77.78174593 E0 equ 24852 ; Freq is in Hz 82.40688923 F0 equ 23457 ; Freq is in Hz 87.30705786 Gb0 equ 22141 ; Freq is in Hz 92.49860568 G0 equ 20898 ; Freq is in Hz 97.998859 Ab0 equ 19725 ; Freq is in Hz 103.8261744 A0 equ 18618 ; Freq is in Hz 110 Bb0 equ 17573 ; Freq is in Hz 116.5409404 B0 equ 16587 ; Freq is in Hz 123.4708253 C equ 15656 ; Freq is in Hz 130.8127827 Db equ 14777 ; Freq is in Hz 138.5913155 D equ 13948 ; Freq is in Hz 146.832384 Eb equ 13165 ; Freq is in Hz 155.5634919 E equ 12426 ; Freq is in Hz 164.8137785 F equ 11729 ; Freq is in Hz 174.6141157 Gb equ 11070 ; Freq is in Hz 184.9972114 G equ 10449 ; Freq is in Hz 195.997718 Ab equ 9863 ; Freq is in Hz 207.6523488 A equ 9309 ; Freq is in Hz 220 Bb equ 8787 ; Freq is in Hz 233.0818808 B equ 8293 ; Freq is in Hz 246.9416506 C1 equ 7828 ; Freq is in Hz 261.6255653 !!!!MIDDLE C!!!! Db1 equ 7389 ; Freq is in Hz 277.182631 D1 equ 6974 ; Freq is in Hz 293.6647679 Eb1 equ 6583 ; Freq is in Hz 311.1269837 E1 equ 6213 ; Freq is in Hz 329.6275569 F1 equ 5864 ; Freq is in Hz 349.2282314 Gb1 equ 5535 ; Freq is in Hz 369.9944227 G1 equ 5225 ; Freq is in Hz 391.995436 Ab1 equ 4931 ; Freq is in Hz 415.3046976 A1 equ 4655 ; Freq is in Hz 440 Bb1 equ 4393 ; Freq is in Hz 466.1637615 B1 equ 4147 ; Freq is in Hz 493.8833013 C2 equ 3914 ; Freq is in Hz 523.2511306 Db2 equ 3694 ; Freq is in Hz 554.365262 D2 equ 3487 ; Freq is in Hz 587.3295358 Eb2 equ 3291 ; Freq is in Hz 622.2539674 E2 equ 3107 ; Freq is in Hz 659.2551138 F2 equ 2932 ; Freq is in Hz 698.4564629 Gb2 equ 2768 ; Freq is in Hz 739.9888454 G2 equ 2612 ; Freq is in Hz 783.990872 Ab2 equ 2466 ; Freq is in Hz 830.6093952 A2 equ 2327 ; Freq is in Hz 880 Bb2 equ 2197 ; Freq is in Hz 932.327523 B2 equ 2073 ; Freq is in Hz 987.7666025 C3 equ 1957 ; Freq is in Hz 1046.502261 Db3 equ 1847 ; Freq is in Hz 1108.730524 D3 equ 1743 ; Freq is in Hz 1174.659072 Eb3 equ 1646 ; Freq is in Hz 1244.507935 E3 equ 1553 ; Freq is in Hz 1318.510228 F3 equ 1466 ; Freq is in Hz 1396.912926 Gb3 equ 1384 ; Freq is in Hz 1479.977691 G3 equ 1306 ; Freq is in Hz 1567.981744 Ab3 equ 1233 ; Freq is in Hz 1661.21879 A3 equ 1164 ; Freq is in Hz 1760 Bb3 equ 1098 ; Freq is in Hz 1864.655046 B3 equ 1037 ; Freq is in Hz 1975.533205 C4 equ 978 ; Freq is in Hz 2093.004522 Db4 equ 924 ; Freq is in Hz 2217.461048 D4 equ 872 ; Freq is in Hz 2349.318143 Eb4 equ 823 ; Freq is in Hz 2489.01587 E4 equ 777 ; Freq is in Hz 2637.020455 F4 equ 733 ; Freq is in Hz 2793.825851 Gb4 equ 692 ; Freq is in Hz 2959.955382 G4 equ 653 ; Freq is in Hz 3135.963488 Ab4 equ 616 ; Freq is in Hz 3322.437581 A4 equ 582 ; Freq is in Hz 3520 Bb4 equ 549 ; Freq is in Hz 3729.310092 B4 equ 518 ; Freq is in Hz 3951.06641 C5 equ 489 ; Freq is in Hz 4186.009045 Db5 equ 462 ; Freq is in Hz 4434.922096 D5 equ 436 ; Freq is in Hz 4698.636287 Eb5 equ 411 ; Freq is in Hz 4978.03174 E5 equ 388 ; Freq is in Hz 5274.040911 F5 equ 367 ; Freq is in Hz 5587.651703 Gb5 equ 346 ; Freq is in Hz 5919.910763 G5 equ 327 ; Freq is in Hz 6271.926976 Ab5 equ 308 ; Freq is in Hz 6644.875161 A5 equ 291 ; Freq is in Hz 7040 Bb5 equ 275 ; Freq is in Hz 7458.620184 B5 equ 259 ; Freq is in Hz 7902.13282 ;!!!!!!!!!!! to find note freq its 2048000/freq = number of counts ;INSERT PROGRAM HERE ;1. initialize Timer Registers ;2. main program should play a note, then get the next note, ; and repeat ;3. to play a note: ; -set the prescalar (if you need to) ; -tell the HC12 you want to use Bit x of PORTT for output compare ; -tell the HC12 what you want to do when the compare is true (hint: Table 12-1) ; -tell the HC12 what time you want the event to occur
* Data Storage - Note and Length for Super Mario Bros Tune * ********************************************************************* org $0800 ; Place Data for Song in EEPROM MARIO fdb E2,n8TH fdb REST,n128TH fdb E2,n8TH fdb REST,n8TH fdb E2,n8TH fdb REST,n8TH fdb C2,n8TH fdb E2,n4TH
fdb REST,n4TH fdb G,n4TH fdb THEEND EE14 Microprocessor Architecture and Applications Prof. Karen Panetta Download 27.02 Kb. Share with your friends:
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