A glossary of Terms Related to the Conflict
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IImpasse On a number of occasions and in various forms, negotiations have taken place in order to secure a political settlement in Northern Ireland. When these became deadlocked without any sign of a breakthrough they were described as having reached an 'impasse'. Incendiary Device Some attacks by paramilitary organisations involved attaching an explosive charge to a container of petrol and this became known as an 'incendiary device'. On other occasions cassette incendiaries were used and these consisted of a tape cassette filled with inflammable chemicals attached to a timer, batteries, and a detonator. Incident Centres During the Irish Republican Army (IRA) ceasefire of 1975-1976 a number of 'incident centres' were established in Catholic areas. There were conceived as a means of monitoring the ceasefire and in particular dealing with complaints against members of the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) and the British Army. The centres were also a means of providing a point of contact between the British government and the Republican movement. See: Key Event entry. Informer Within Northern Ireland context the term 'informer' is used to describe members of paramilitary organisations alleged to have passed on sensitive information to the security forces. Integration In political terms 'integration' refers to the demand by elements within the Unionist community for Northern Ireland to be integrated more closely into the administrative and governmental structure of the rest United Kingdom. Integrated School(s) The integrated school movement was mainly driven by the desire of parents to have schools which would provide the opportunity for greater cross community contact amongst young people. The first such school, Lagan College, was opened on 1 September 1981. Interface Areas The boundary between Catholic (Nationalist) and Protestant (Unionist) areas, especially where two highly segregated areas are situated close to each other, are known as interface areas. In many such areas of Belfast the interface is marked by a physical barrier known as a 'peaceline'. See: Heatley, Colm. (2004) Interface: Flashpoints in Northern Ireland. Belfast: Lagan Books. 'Interim Settlement' For the Republican movement the Good Friday Agreement (GFA) is regarded as a means to promote its ultimate political objective of a united Ireland. As such the GFA is described by some Republicans as merely representing as an 'interim solution'. 'Internal Settlement' Any political settlement whereby Northern Ireland would remain exclusively under the control of the British government. Under this arrangement the Republic of Ireland would have no say in the affairs of Northern Ireland. Internment On 9 August 1971 the Northern Ireland government with the support of the authorities in London decided to intern without trial those suspected of paramilitary-related activities without trial. Initially the measure was used exclusively against suspects within the Catholic community. See: Key Event entry. Ireland The name of the whole island consisting of the 26 counties of the Republic of Ireland and the six counties of Northern Ireland. When the present border was drawn the newly independent state consisting of 26 counties was initially called the Irish Free State. It became Éire from 1937 to 1949 after which date it became known as the Republic of Ireland. See also: Éire, Irish Free State, Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland 'Irish Dimension' Refers to any role for the Irish government in the affairs of Northern Ireland. This includes any purely consultative role as in the Anglo-Irish Agreement or any role with executive powers as in the proposed 'cross-border bodies'. The Sunningdale Agreement (1973) had an Irish dimension. Irish Free State / Free State The name given to the newly independent Irish state consisting of the 26 counties. The sate was created by the Government of Ireland Act (1920) and the Treaty of Peace between Britain and Ireland (6 December 1921). The name remained until full sovereignty in 1937. The term 'Free State', or 'Free Staters', is still occasionally used by Republicans as a term of derision for political opponents in the Republic of Ireland. See also: Éire, Republic of Ireland, 'South of Ireland', 'Twenty-Six Counties' Irish Labour Party (ILP) The third largest of the political parties in the Republic of Ireland. Founded in 1912. Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) One of the main Republican paramilitary groups. Formed in 1975 from disaffected members of the Official Irish Republican Army (OIRA) and members of other Republican organisations. The INLA did not call a ceasefire in 1994. See: Abstract on Organisations entry. Irish Republican Army (IRA) synonyms: Provisional Irish Republican Army; Provisionals, Provos, PIRA pseudonyms: Direct Action Against Drugs (DAAD) The main Republican paramilitary group. Formed in 1970 following a split within the Republican movement. Those who remained with the original organisation became the Official Irish Republican Army (OIRA) while the new group was called the Provisional Irish Republican Army (PIRA). Following the OIRA ceasefire of 1972 the Provisionals became known as the IRA. See: Abstracts of Organisations entry. Irish Republican Socialist Party (IRSP) Considered to be the political wing of the Irish National Liberation Army (INLA). Main aim is to establish a 32 county socialist republic in Ireland. The IRSP has been critical of the Irish Republican Army (IRA) ceasefires. See: Abstracts of Organisations entry. JJoint Authority / Joint Sovereignty In the Report of the New Ireland Forum published on 2 May 1984 one of the proposals for the future governance of Northern Ireland was for joint authority (joint sovereignty) over the region by Britain and the Republic of Ireland. 'Joyriding' In Northern Ireland the practice of stealing cars in Northern Ireland and then driving them around often at high speeds is referred to as 'joyriding'. Those involved in joyriding have caused the deaths of innocent bystanders and have also come into conflict with the security forces and various paramilitary organisations. 'Jumping Together' By 1999 the process of establishing the political institutions under the Good Friday Agreement (GFA) had become stalled with Unionists refusing to fully participate due to the absence of decommissioning by Republicans. One solution put forward was that both things should take place at the same time and this was described as 'jumping together'. 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