Advanced Distribution and Control for Hybrid Intelligent Power Systems



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Advanced Distribution and Control for Hybrid Intelligent Power Systems

Final Technical Report – October 16, 2011

Michael Lemmon, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame

Agreement No. OT-UWM-11012009-03



Prime Contract No. W9132T-10-C-0008
Abstract: This technical report documents Notre Dame’s simPower simulation model of a distributed control and management system for military microgrids. The control/management system uses power inverters to connect a variety of distributed generation sources to the microgrid. Multi-unit stability is assured through the use of a decentralized control system that mimics the P-frequency and Q-voltage droop control used for synchronous machines. Optimal management of this system is accomplished through the use of a novel distributed peer-to-peer algorithm. This distributed optimization algorithm solves the optimal power flow problem in a distributed manner, relying only on local communication between generators on the microgrid. A novel event-triggered message-passing scheme is used to reduce the communication bandwidth used by this algorithm, thereby reducing the cost of communication infrastructure and potentially improving communication security.
The work documented in this report was performed from July 1st 2010 to October 1st 2011. During this period, a simPower simulation of the three-phase microgrid testbed at the University of Wisconsin, Madison (UWM) was built and tested. Another single-phase simPower simulation was built for the bench scale testbed being built by Odyssian Technologies. These simulations were used to develop and test distributed power dispatch and load shedding algorithms.


Table of Contents:





Chapter 1

Introduction

5

1.1

Background

5

1.2

Objective

6

Chapter 2

Distributed Power Dispatch in Microgrids

7

Chapter 3

Event-triggered Power Dispatch

12

3.1

Algorithm development

13

3.2

Simulation Testing

15

Chapter 4

UND Simulator for UWM Microgrid Testbed

18

4.1

simPower Model Description

18

4.2

Experimental Comparison of UWM and UND Simulators

23

Chapter 5

UND Simulator for Odyssian Testbed

26

Chapter 6

Load Shedding Algorithms

30

6.1

Line Frequency Estimator Design and Evaluation

30

6.2

Simplified Frequency-based Load-shedding

32

6.3

Automatic Load-shedding with adaptive reconnection

34

Chapter 7

Distributed Dispatch Algorithms

37

7.1

Centralized Implementation of Dispatch Algorithm for UWM Testbed

37

7.2

Distributed Implementation of Dispatch Algorithm for UWM Testbed

43


Chapter 8

Testing of Algorithms on UWM Simulation

48

8.1

Centralized Dispatcher with Automatic Load Shedding

48

8.2

Large Scale Simulation Results

52

Chapter 9

Conclusion

References



53

54


Appendix

Matlab/Simulink/simPower Components

55



List of Figures:

Figure 1

3-bus microgrid with attached agents

12

Figure 2

3-bus microgrid used in event-triggered simulations

15

Figure 3

Simulation result showing time history of generator power

16

Figure 4

Simulation result plotting the time since last broadcast for event-triggered simulation

16

Figure 5

Top-level simPower model for 3-bus mesh microgrid used in event-triggered dispatch

16

Figure 6

Generator simPower model for event-triggered simulation

17

Figure 7

UWM controller logic (simulink model)

17

Figure 8

UWM Mesh Microgrid

18

Figure 9

Notre Dame simPower model of UWM mesh microgrid

20

Figure 10

Idealized Microsource Generator (simPower)

21

Figure 11

simPower model of ideal microsource generator with UWM power inverter control component

21

Figure 12

Simulink model of UWM power inverter controller

22

Figure 13

simPower model of diesel generator with synchronous machine using UWM power inverter component

22

Figure 14

Comparison results for UND simulator, case 1

23

Figure 15

Original results for UWM simulator, case 1

23

Figure 16

Comparison results for UND simulator, case 2

24

Figure 17

Original results for UWM simulator, case 2

24

Figure 18

Comparison results for UND simulator, case 3

25

Figure 19

Original results for UWM simulator, case 3

25

Figure 20

Initial Odyssian bench scale system

26

Figure 21

Single phase inverter (simPower) model

26

Figure 22

Response of initial Odyssian bench scale simulation

27

Figure 23

Odyssian system simulation with three sources

28

Figure 24

Simulation results for Odyssian bench scale system with 3 sources

29

Figure 25

Frequency response and requested power generated by dispatch agents

29

Figure 26

Estimation performance of Odyssian’s original zero-crossing frequency estimator

30

Figure 27

Simulink Model of Phase-Locked Loop Estimator

30

Figure 28

Signal Flow Graph of Direct Form II Structure of Low Pass Filter

31

Figure 29

Commanded and frequency estimate obtained from PLL estimator on UWM simulation

31

Figure 30

Simulink model used in testing simplified (non-adaptive) load shedding component

32

Figure 31

Load shedding module

32

Figure 32

Triggering component of load shedding module

33

Figure 33

Simulation results for simplified load shedding algorithm

33

Figure 34

simPower Model for UWM simulator with centralized dispatch logic

40

Figure 35

simPower Model for UWM simulator with distributed dispatch logic

43

Figure 36

Interface between UWM controller and Odyssian Dispatch Agent

46

Figure 37

Signals within UWM controller required by the dispatch agent

47

Figure 38

simPower Model for UWM simulator (centralized dispatcher and load shedding modules)

48

Figure 39

Simulation results for case 1

49

Figure 40

Simulation results for case 2

50

Figure 41

Simulation results for case 3

50

Figure 42

Simulation results for case 3 showing how the requested and generated power track each other

51

Figure 43

Simulation results for case 4

51

Figure 44

Simulation results for case 4 showing how the requested and generated power track each other

51


Figure 45

Large scale 3-phase microgrid and simulation results

52
















































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