Anticoagulation Clinic Guidelines (Draft)
Dean Medical Center
The Anticoagulation Clinic(AC Clinic) is a service staffed by pharmacists and nurses with specific knowledge in anticoagulation therapy. Anticoagulation care is managed under the supervision of the AC Clinic Medical Director and the patient’s physician.
I. Goals and Objectives
A. To provide services to physicians initiating anticoagulation therapy and assist physicians
in the management of oral and parenteral anticoagulants.
B. To provide consistent management and follow-up care for patients receiving
anticoagulation therapy by evaluating patient-specific data and pertinent laboratory tests
dependent upon the anticoagulant regimen.
C. To provide consistent education to the patient and/or family members about warfarin
and other anticoagulant therapy. To make them aware of potential problems during therapy
and the signs and symptoms of bleeding, embolic events and other adverse effects.
D. To consistently identify patients who are non-adherent with the anticoagulation care plan
and provide education to improve adherence and reduce the potential for adverse events
and maximize the benefits of treatment.
.
E. To maintain an anticoagulation flowsheet for each patient and provide complete
documentation of the care provided in the patient’s electronic medical record.
F. To consult with other providers involved with the patient’s care when needed.
II. Scope of Care
A. Patient Referral
1. Patients may be referred to the AC Clinic if they have demonstrated the capability to
self-administer medication, or have a responsible caregiver who can supervise the
medication administration, or other acceptable process in place to ensure adherence to
the treatment plan. A reliable method of communication must exist for the
patient to be enrolled in the AC Clinic. The AC Clinic is unable to manage the
patients with the following issues:
a. uncontrolled alcohol abuse
b. underlying psychiatric problems hindering adherence to program expectations
c. inability to adhere to care plan
d. patients with no reliable means of communication
Patients may be referred to the AC Clinic at any point during anticoagulation therapy
provided that a collaborative care agreement exists between the AC Clinic and
the supervising physician (See below: Collaborative Care Agreement). The patient
must be assessed by the supervising physician periodically to determine need for
further anticoagulation therapy.
Dean Anticoagulation Clinics
COLLABORATIVE CARE AGREEMENT
I, __________________________________ MD / DO, acknowledge that I have read and approve the Guidelines of the Dean Anticoagulation Clinics (AC Clinic). My signature on this document authorizes the AC Clinic clinician to monitor my patients’ anticoagulation therapy. This collaborative agreement may be terminated at any time for an individual patient either by me or the AC Clinic clinician for any reason including: anticoagulation therapy is discontinued, patient desires to be followed by the primary physician alone, or the patient misses 3 consecutive appointments, blood draws or other laboratory test used to maintain control of the anticoagulation therapy without contacting the AC Clinic staff.
Check all of the following that apply:
___ It is not necessary for the AC Clinic clinician to call me for routine changes in
therapy.
___ The AC Clinic clinician may authorize prescriptions for warfarin to the
patient’s pharmacy on my behalf.
Physician’s Signature___________________________________ Date_______________
Please print name____________________________________________________________
4. Referrals to the AC Clinic can be made by the primary physician verbally, by
electronic referral, or by written orders. The referral should indicate the reason for use,
desired intensity of treatment, and planned length of treatment. If the physician has
already prescribed a dosage of the anticoagulant, the strength of medication and dosage
per day needs to be indicated.
5. The AC Clinic will establish a computerized patient file for each new referral.
After reviewing the patient’s medical record, the AC Clinic clinician will complete a
initiation form in Epic. The patient’s medical record will be evaluated to obtain
the information listed below. If not specified by the primary physician, the desired INR
range will be based on the current American College of Chest Physicians Consensus
Conference guidelines for the specific indication along with individual patient
characteristics. The AC Clinic clinician will contact the physician, when needed, to
determine the target range and duration of treatment for the intended therapy. The AC
clinician will provide the physician the literature recommendations for usual target
range and duration of therapy for the specified indication, if needed. The computerized
medical record should have the following information available to the AC Clinic
clinician for review:
a. patient name, address and telephone number (home/work)
b. emergency notification contact (telephone number home/work)
c. date of birth, weight, height, gender
d. current medications, including prescription and nonprescription
e. medical history: known diseases and surgeries, drug allergies and reactions,
conditions relating current medication regimen, surgical history, and hospitalizations.
f. indication for anticoagulation therapy
g. target INR range and planned duration of therapy
h. if already receiving anticoagulation therapy include: start date, current dose
i. history of bleeding including major and minor (dates and outcomes)
j. physician name, direct office telephone number, pager number, and fax number
Dean Anticoagulation Clinics
INDICATIONS AND THERAPEUTIC RANGES
Unless the desired INR range is specified by the primary physician on the patient referral form, the AC Clinic will use ranges for the corresponding indications below as recommended by the Commitee on Antithrombotic Therapy of the American College of Chest Physicians.
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TARGET INR (RANGE)
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DURATION
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COMMENT
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Atrial Fibrillation (AF)
Age < 65 no risk factors
Age < 65 with risk factors for stroke (Hx
TIA/stroke/TE; HTN, CHF, LV fxn;
rheumatic mitral valve dz; valve replacement;
DM; CAD; thyrotoxicosis
Age 65-75 no risk factors
Age 65-75 with risk factors
Age > 75
Precardioversion (AF/flutter > 48 hrs in duration
Postcardioversion (in NSR)
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None
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
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Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
3 weeks
4 weeks
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Aspirin alone
Or Aspirin
Weekly INRs
Add antiplatelet Rx
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Cardioembolic Stroke
With risk factors for stroke (AF;CHF;LV
dysfxn; mural thrombus; Hx TIA/Stroke.TE)
Following embolic event despite therapeutic
anticoagulation
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2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
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Chronic
Chronic
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Left Ventricular Dysfunction
Ejection fraction <30%
Transient, following myocardial infarction
Following embolic event despite therapeutic
anticoagulation
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2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
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Chronic
3 months
Chronic
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Add antiplatelet Rx
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Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI)
Following anterior MI
Following inferior MI with transient risks (AF;
CHF; LV dysfxn; mural thrombus, Hx TE)
Following initial tx with persistent risks
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2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
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3 months
3 months
Chronic
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Thromboembolism (DVT,PE)
Treatment/prevention of recurrence
Transient risk factors
Idiopathic
Presisitent risk factors (AT-III; protein C;
protein S deficiencies; Factor V Leiden;
malignancy
Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
Following recurrent DVT/PE
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2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
3.0 (2.5-3.5)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
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3-6 months
6 months
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
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May need higher range
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Valvular Disease
Aortic valve disease with mitral valve disease; AF;
Hx systemic embolization
Mitral annular calcification with AF; Hx systemic
embolization
Mitral valve prolapse:
With AF; Hx systemic embolization
With Hx of TIA despite ASA Rx
S/p embolic event despite anticoagulation
Rheumatic mitral valve disease
With AF; Hx systemic embolization;
LA > 5.5cm
S/p embolic event despite anticoagulation
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2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
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Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
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Add antiplatelet Rx
Add antiplatelet Rx
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Valve Replacement-Bioprosthetic
Aortic or mitral
with LA thrombus
with Hx systemic embolism
with AF
Following systemic embolism
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2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
2.5 (2.0-3.0)
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3 months
>3 months
3-12 months
Chronic
Chronic
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Followed by aspirin Rx
Followed by aspirin Rx
Followed by aspirin Rx
Add aspirin Rx
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Valve Replacement – Mechanical
Aortic
Bileaflet
In NSR, normal EF, normal LA size
All others
Tilting disk
Ball and cage
Mitral
Bileaflet
Tilting disk
Ball and cage
With additional risk factors or following TE
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2.5 (2.0-3.0)
3.0 (2.5-3.5)
3.0 (2.5-3.5)
3.0 (2.5-3.5)
3.0 (2.5-3.5)
3.0 (2.5-3.5)
3.0 (2.5-3.5)
3.0 (2.5-3.5)
3.0 (2.5-3.5)
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Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
Chronic
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* 2.0-3.0 + aspirin81mg
* 2.0-3.0 + aspirin81mg
With aspirin
* 2.0-3.0 + aspirin81mg
* 2.0-3.0 + aspirin81mg
With aspirin
Add aspirin
*In patients with risks for hemorrhage.
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Hx, history; TIA transient ischemic attack; TE, thromboembolism; HTN, hypertension; CHF, congestive heart failure;
, lowered; LV left ventricular; fxn, function; dysfxn, dysfunction; dx, disease; CAD, coronary artery disease;
AF, atrial fibrillation; NSR, normal sinus rhythm; MI myocardial infarction; tx, treatment; DVT, deep venous thrombosis;
PE pulmonary embolism; s/p, status post; LA, left atrium; EF, ejection fraction
6. All referrals to the AC Clinic must have a supervising Dean Medical Center physician
who is responsible for periodically assessing the patient’s continuing need for
anticoagulation therapy and management of medical/surgical problems.
If difficulties arise, such as, lack of cooperation, continued non-adherence with
INR blood draws, the primary physician will be made aware of the issues by the
AC Clinic clinician. A note will be placed in the patient’s medical record
describing the problem, discussion with the primary physician, and agreed upon course
of action. If the issue continues to be problematic despite repeated efforts to rectify the
problem, the patient may be referred back to the primary physician for reevaluation.
In addition to adherence issues, the AC Clinic clinician will notify or, if needed, refer the patient back to the primary physician or proceed to the hospital ER in the following circumstances:
a. consultation with a physician is requested by the patient
b. the AC Clinic clinician notes findings suggestive of another worsening medical
problem
c. there is evidence suggestive of gross hematuria, gastrointestinal, or other bleeding
d. there is evidence suggestive of worsening thromboembolic disease
e. assessment of continuing need for anticoagulation is warranted
9. Discontinuation of anticoagulation therapy will only occur by physician order. When the
desired length of treatment has been reached, the the AC Clinic clinician will refer the
patient back to the primary physician to evaluate the need for continued
anticoagulation. Discharge from the AC Clinic will occur by physician order when:
a. anticoagulation therapy is discontinued
b. the patient desires primary physician to manage anticoagulation
c. the primary physician decides to manage anticoagulation
d. the patient violates adherence policy (see B.3)
10. The AC Clinic clinician must provide consultation only with the patient via an inclinic appointment,
the telephone, US mail or MyChart. The AC Clinic clinician can leave a message on the patient’s
voice mail or answering machine or speak with a family member, activated power of attorney for
healthcare, or other designated person provided that the patient completes and signs the AC Clinic
verbal permission form (see below). The completed and signed formed must be scanned into Epic
by Medical Records.
PERMISSION FOR VERBAL COMMUNICATIONS
(print name of patient or place patient label here) (birthdate)
(street address) (city, state, zip code)
(phone number)
I permit Dean Health Systems, Inc. Anticoagulation (AC) Clinic personnel (“Health Care Providers”) to leave information regarding ongoing anticoagulation therapy on my voice mail or answering machine.
In addition this authorization allows the AC personnel to discuss health information, in person or by telephone with the following family members or friends involved in my medical care: (List family members/friends and state the person’s relationship to the patient).
Name
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Phone Number
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Relationship
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1.
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2.
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3.
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4.
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Patient’s Signature: Date:
If this Release is signed by a representative on behalf of the patient, complete the following:
Representative’s Name:
Relationship to Patient:
If, at any time, I do not want this information to be left on my answering machine or I want to change the names of the people listed above, I must notify the Anticoagulation (AC) clinic:
by telephone at 608-252-8060, or
by mail at the address listed below, or
in person at the Anticoagulation Clinic at Dean Clinic.
INSTRUCTIONS: Please sign this form and send to the following location:
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Dean Clinic
Attention: Anticoagulation Clinic
1313 Fish Hatchery Road
Madison, WI 53715
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Rev 1/28/09
Clinic Procedures - AC Clinics: For Dean Fish Hatchery Road AC Clinics see visio below;
For Riverview and Stoughton AC Clinic, see attached guidelines.
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