Branches of chemistry

Chemistry- It is the branch of science which deals with study about composition, structure, properties of matter and it’s (matters) change from one from to another form.
BRANCHES OF CHEMISTRY
1) Organic chemistry- It concerned with the study of elements other than carbon) and their compounds.
2) Organic chemistry- It concerned with the study of organic compounds or substances produced by living organism.
3) Physical chemistry- It concerned with the study of explanation of fundamental principles.
4) Analytical chemistry- It concerned with the study of qualitative
& quantitative analysis of chemical substances.
5) Biochemistry- It concerned with the study of substances consisting of living organisms. Note- In addition to these war chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry, nuclear chemistry, environmental chemistry, forensic chemistry, earth chemistry etc. are also branches of chemistry.
IMPORTANCE OF CHEMISTRY AND IT’S SCOPE
Inorganic chemistry Organic chemistry Physical chemistry Analytical chemistry Biochemistry

Chemistry is an important subject and has wide scope indifferent fields.
1) ENGINEERING- All engineering materials like iron, steel, stainless steel, aluminium, zinc, tin etc. are extracted, purified and synthesized by using processes.
2) DRUGS- All drugs are chemical compound are synthesized, analyzed and made available whenever required. There is a continuous growth and development in medicinal chemistry as per the needs and challenges.
3) FOOD- Trees and plants photosynthesis food in presence of sunlight. Green coloring matter chlorophyll acts as photosensitizer (catalyst. The simple chemical reaction is-
COHO sunlight food grains fruits flowers etc.
4) ENERGY- The fossil fuels like coal, petroleum, natural gas etc. are major source of energy.
5) MATERIALS- Knowledge of chemistry is used to design and generate large number of materials like polymers, plastic, liquid crystals etc.
PHLOGISTON THEORY
It stated that a substance undergoing combustion contain a mysterious matter called phlogiston and some clax. In combustion reaction, phlogiston is evolved as a gas and the solid residue left behind is clax. French scientist Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (ALL) ruled out phlogiston theory and suggested that oxygen in air is used for burning a substances. Joseph Priestley experimentally proved that hydrogen on combustion with oxygen form water.

MATTER

Anything which occupies some space and have some mass is called matter. It is made up of small particles which have space between them. Concept chart- Elements- It is simplest form of pure substance which can neither be decomposed nor built from simpler substances by ordinary physical and chemical method. Ex- Copper, aluminium, sodium etc. Compounds- The substances which can be decomposed into two or more substances by chemical process. Ex- Water, sodium chloride, sugar, alcohol etc. Mixture- The substances with definite composition combine to form a mixture. Ex- mixture of iron and sulphur, sugar and water etc. Molecules- The smallest unit of a compound having all properties of the compounds and it is aggregate of two or more atoms of different elements & are held together by chemical bond.

Inorganic compound- The compounds derived from nonliving things are called Inorganic compounds. Like rocks and minerals etc. Organic compound- The compounds derived from living things are called Organic compounds. Ex- sugar, edible oil etc.
UNIT:- It is defined as a standard of reference chosen to measure a physical quantity like length, volume, mass, time etc.
CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD UNIT
The magnitude of unit must be independent of place and time. It should be universally accepted. It should be easily reproducible.
PHYSICAL QUANTITIES AND THEIR MEASUREMENTS
To express the measurement of any physical quantities two things are considered.
(1) It’s unit
(2) It’s numerical value
(1) It’s unit- On the basis of measurement of unit it is classified as follow-