Chapter 10 hypothesis testing

CHAPTER 10

HYPOTHESIS TESTING

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

In the following multiple-choice questions, please circle the correct answer.

1. 
   If a researcher takes a large enough sample, he/she will almost always obtain:
   

1. 
   virtually significant results
   
2. 
   practically significant results
   
3. 
   consequentially significant results
   
4. 
   statistically significant results
   

2. 
   The null and alternative hypotheses divide all possibilities into:
   

1. 
   two sets that overlap
   
2. 
   two non-overlapping sets
   
3. 
   two sets that may or may not overlap
   
4. 
   as many sets as necessary to cover all possibilities
   

3. 
   Which of the following is true of the null and alternative hypotheses?
   

1. 
   Exactly one hypothesis must be true
   
2. 
   both hypotheses must be true
   
3. 
   It is possible for both hypotheses to be true
   
4. 
   It is possible for neither hypothesis to be true
   

4. 
   One-tailed alternatives are phrased in terms of:
   

1. 
   
   
2. 
   < or >
   
3. 
    or =
   
4. 
   
   

5. 
   The chi-square goodness-of-fit test can be used to test for:
   

1. 
   significance of sample statistics
   
2. 
   difference between population means
   
3. 
   normality
   
4. 
   probability
   

6. 
   A type II error occurs when:
   

1. 
   the null hypothesis is incorrectly accepted when it is false
   
2. 
   the null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected when it is true
   
3. 
   the sample mean differs from the population mean
   
4. 
   the test is biased
   

7. 
   Of type I and type II error, which is traditionally regarded as more serious?
   

1. 
   Type I
   
2. 
   Type II
   
3. 
   They are equally serious
   
4. 
   Neither is serious
   

8. 
   You conduct a hypothesis test and you observe values for the sample mean and sample standard deviation when n = 25 that do not lead to the rejection of . You calculate a p-value of 0.0667. What will happen to the p-value if you observe the same sample mean and standard deviation for a sample > 25?
   

1. 
   Increase
   
2. 
   Decrease
   
3. 
   Stay the same
   
4. 
   May either increase or decrease
   

9. 
   The form of the alternative hypothesis can be:
   

1. 
   one-tailed
   
2. 
   two-tailed
   
3. 
   neither one nor two-tailed
   
4. 
   one or two-tailed
   

10. 
    A two-tailed test is one where:
    

1. 
   results in only one direction can lead to rejection of the null hypothesis
   
2. 
   negative sample means lead to rejection of the null hypothesis
   
3. 
   results in either of two directions can lead to rejection of the null hypothesis
   
4. 
   no results lead to the rejection of the null hypothesis
   

11. 
    The value set for is known as:
    

1. 
   the rejection level
   
2. 
   the acceptance level
   
3. 
   the significance level
   
4. 
   the error in the hypothesis test
   

12. 
    A study in which randomly selected groups are observed and the results are analyzed without explicitly controlling for other factors is called:
    

1. 
   an observational study
   
2. 
   a controlled study
   
3. 
   a field test
   
4. 
   a simple study
   

13. 
    The null hypothesis usually represents:
    

1. 
   the theory the researcher would like to prove.
   
2. 
   the preconceived ideas of the researcher
   
3. 
   the perceptions of the sample population
   
4. 
   the status quo
   

14. 
    The ANOVA test is based on which assumptions?
    

1. 
   the sample are randomly selected
   
2. 
   the population variances are all equal to some common variance
   
3. 
   the populations are normally distributed
   
4. 
   the populations are statistically significant
   

1. 
   All of the above
   
2. 
   II and III only
   
3. 
   I, II, and III only
   
4. 
   I, and III only
   

15. 
    In statistical analysis, the burden of proof lies traditionally with:
    

1. 
   the alternative hypothesis
   
2. 
   the null hypothesis
   
3. 
   the analyst
   
4. 
   the facts
   

16. 
    When one refers to “how significant” the sample evidence is, he/she is referring to the:
    

1. 
   value of
   
2. 
   the importance of the sample
   
3. 
   the p-value
   
4. 
   the F-ratio
   

17. 
    Which of the following values is not typically used for ?
    

1. 
   0.01
   
2. 
   0.05
   
3. 
   0.10
   
4. 
   0.25
   

18. 
    Smaller p-values indicate more evidence in support of:
    

1. 
   the null hypothesis
   
2. 
   the alternative hypothesis
   
3. 
   the quality of the researcher
   
4. 
   further testing
   

19. 
    The chi-square test can be too sensitive if the sample is:
    

1. 
   very small
   
2. 
   very large
   
3. 
   homogeneous
   
4. 
   predictable
   

20. 
    The hypothesis that an analyst is trying to prove is called the:
    

1. 
   elective hypothesis
   
2. 
   alternative hypothesis
   
3. 
   optional hypothesis
   
4. 
   null hypothesis
   

21. 
    A p-value is considered “convincing” if it is:
    

1. 
   less than 0.01
   
2. 
   between 0.01 and 0.05
   
3. 
   0.05 and 0.10
   
4. 
   greater than 0.10
   

22. 
    One-way ANOVA is used when:
    

1. 
   analyzing the difference between more than two population means
   
2. 
   analyzing the results of a two-tailed test
   
3. 
   analyzing the results from a large sample
   
4. 
   analyzing the difference between two population means
   

23. 
    A null hypothesis can only be rejected at the 5% significance level if and only if:
    

1. 
   a 95% confidence interval includes the hypothesized value of the parameter
   
2. 
   a 95% confidence interval does not include the hypothesized value of the parameter
   
3. 
   the null hypothesis is void
   
4. 
   the null hypotheses includes sampling error
   

24. 
    Typically one-way ANOVA is used in which of the following situations?
    

1. 
   there are several distinct populations
   
2. 
   there are two sample populations over 4000
   
3. 
   randomized experiments
   
4. 
   randomly selected populations
   

1. 
   All of the above
   
2. 
   II and III only
   
3. 
   I, II, and III only
   
4. 
   I, and III only
   

25. 
    The chi-square test is not very effective if the sample is:
    

1. 
   small
   
2. 
   large
   
3. 
   irregular
   
4. 
   heterogeneous
   

26. 
    The alternative hypothesis is also known as the:
    

1. 
   elective hypothesis
   
2. 
   optional hypothesis
   
3. 
   research hypothesis
   
4. 
   null hypothesis
   

27. 
    An informal test for normality that utilizes a scatterplot and looks for clustering around a 45 line is known as:
    

1. 
   a Lilliefors test
   
2. 
   an empirical cdf
   
3. 
   a p-test
   
4. 
   a quantile-quantile plot
   

28. 
    Which of the following tests are used to test for normality?
    

1. 
   A t-test and an ANOVA test
   
2. 
   An Empirical CDF test and an F-test
   
3. 
   A Chi-Square test and a Lilliefors test
   
4. 
   A Quantile-Quantile plot and a p-value test
   

29. 
    If a teacher is trying to prove that new method of teaching math is more effective than traditional one, he/she will conduct a:
    

1. 
   one-tailed test
   
2. 
   two-tailed test
   
3. 
   point estimate of the population parameter
   
4. 
   confidence interval
   

30. 
    A type I error occurs when:
    

1. 
   the null hypothesis is incorrectly accepted when it is false
   
2. 
   the null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected when it is true
   
3. 
   the sample mean differs from the population mean
   
4. 
   the test is biased