Chapter one hierarchical Network Design

Access layer

Distribution layer

Core layer

Enterprise campus

Enterprise edge

Service provider edge

Remote
Failure domain

Redundancy

Port density

Forwarding rate

Power over Ethernet (PoE)

Fixed configuration

Modular

Branch router

Network edge router

Service provider router

In-band
CHAPTER TWO

Broadcast storm

Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)

Spanning Tree Algorithm (STA)

IEEE 802.1D

Blocking

Learning

Forwarding

Disabled

Bridge ID (BID)

Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)

Root bridge

(config-if)# spanning-tree cost value

(config)# spanning-tree VLAN number priority value

0 to 61440 in increments of 4096

Extended System ID = bridge priority + VLAN

Lowest BID becomes root.

In case of tie, lowest MAC address becomes root.

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP)

IEEE 802.1w

Discarding

Learning

Forwarding

Per-VLAN Spanning Tree + (PVST+)

Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP)

Rapid PVST+

Root port

Designated port

Alternative port

Edge port

PortFast

Default gateway

Virtual router

Virtual IP address

Virtual MAC address

Forwarding router

Standby router

Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP)

Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)

Gateway Load Balancing Protocol (GLBP)

EtherChannel

Port Aggregation Protocol (PAgP)

On

Auto

IEEE 802.3ad

IEEE 802.1AX

On

Passive
(config-if-range)# channel-group number mode mode

(config-if-range)# interface port-channel number

(config-if)# switchport mode trunk

(config-if)# switchport trunk allowed vlan number(s)
CHAPTER FOUR
Wireless LAN (WLAN)

Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)

Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)
Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band:

2.4 GHz

Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Avoidance (CSAM/CD)

Antennas

Omnidirectional

Directional

Yagi

Direct-sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)

Orthoginal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Access point (AP)

Autonomous

Controller-based

Ad hoc mode

Independent basic service set (IBSS)

Infrastructure mode

Basic service set (BSS)

Extended service set (ESS)

Basic service area(BSA)

Extended service area (ESA)

Service set ID (SSID)

Active mode

Passive mode
Security mode

Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)

WiFi Protected Access (WPA)

Temporal Key Integrity Protocol (TKIP)

WPA2

IEEE 802.11i

Open authentication

Shared key authentication

Personal mode

Enterprise mode

802.1X

Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)

Clear to Send (CTS) flood

Rogue AP

Man-in-the-middle (MITM)

SSID cloaking

MAC address filtering

OSPFv2

Static routing

Dynamic routing

Variable Length Subnet Mask (VLSM)

Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR)

Router ID (RID)

Point-to-point

Broadcast multiaccess

Nonbroadcast multi-access (NBMA)

Point-to-multipoint

Virtual links

Designated Router (DR)

Backup designated router (BDR)

DROTHER
Adjancency

Link state advertisement (LSA)

Link state database (LSDB)

Hello

FULL

Show ip protocols

Show ip ospf interface

Show ip ospf interface brief

Ip ospf priority value

Ipv6 ospf priority value (Value = 0 to 255)

Clear ip ospf process

Ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 (ip address | exit intf)

Ipv6 route ::/0 (ip address | exit intf)

Default information originate

Show ip route

Ip ospf hello-interval seconds

Ip ospf dead-interval seconds

Ipv6 ospf hello-interval seconds

Ipv6 ospf dead-interval seconds

Passive-interface

Ip mtu size

Ipv6 mtu size

Null

Message Digest 5 (MD5)

Ipv6 ospf authentication ipsec spi

Ip ospf message-digest-key key md5 password

Area area-id authentication message-digest
OSPF Problems

Neighbor adjacencies

Missing routes

Path selection

Large routing table

Large LSDB

Frequent SPF algorithm calculations

Regular (non-backbone) area

Internal router

Backbone router

Area Border Router (ABR)

Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR)

O – intra-area route

O IA – interarea route from ABR

O E1 or O E2 – external route

E1 counts both internal and external route cost

E2 counts only external route cost

summary-address address mask (ASBRs only)

Ipv4: area area-id range address mask (ABRs)

Ipv6: area area-id range prefix/prefix-length ABRs)

Link-state

Distance vector

Advanced distance vector

Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL)

Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP)

Protocol Dependent Module (PDM)

Neighbor table

Topology table

Routing table

Multicast EIGRP – 224.0.0.10

Multicast EIGRP – FF02::A

Hello

Update

Reply
Hold timer

Slow NBMA – hello = 60; hold = 180

T1 or faster – hello = 5; hold = 15

Router eigrp autonomous-system

Eigrp route-id ipv4-address

Network ipv4-network-address (classful)

Network ipv4-network-address wildcard-mask (classless)

Passive-inteface

Show ip eigrp neighbors

Bandwidth

Delay

Reliability

Default K values

K1 = 1

K2 = 0

K4 = 0

Default composite formula –

Metric = (K1 * bandwidth + K3* delay) * 256=

(bandwidth + delay) * 256

Complete composite formula –

Metric = [(K1 * bandwidth + ((K2 * bandwidth)/(256 -load)) + K3* delay )* K5/(reliability + K4)]*256

(config-router)# metric weights tos k1 k2 k3 k4 k5

(config-if)#bandwidth bandwidth

Successor

Feasible distance (FD)

Feasible successor (FS)

Reported distance (RD) or advertised distance (AD)

Feasible or feasibility condition (FC)

Show ip eigrp topology

Show ip eigrp topology all-links

P – passive state

A – active state

Finite State Machine (FSM)

Debug eigrp fsm

Ipv6 router eigrp autonomous-system

Ipv6 unicast-routing

(config-if)# ipv6 eigrp autonomous-system

(config-router)# (no) auto-summary

(config-if)# ip summary-address eigrp autonomous-system network-address subnet mask

D- EIGRP route

EX – external redistributed route

Redistribute static

(config-if)# ip bandwidth-percent eigrp autonomous-system percent (50 is default)

(config-if)# ipv6 bandwidth-percent eigrp autonomous-system percent (50 is default)

Ip hello-interval eigrp autonomous-system seconds

Ip hold-time eigrp autonomous-system seconds

(config-router)# maximum paths value (4 is default, up to 32, 1 = no load balancing)

(config)# keychain name-of-chain

(config-keychain)# key key-id

(config-keychain-key)# key-string key-string-text

Old IOS packaging – different images for different feature sets

Numbered by model, series, version, release

New IOS packaging – one universal image, with different activation keys for different features

System changed with Integrated Series Routers Generation 2 (ISR G2)

1900, 2900, 3900 series

UDI = Product ID (PID) + serial number (SN)

Product Authorization Key (PAK)

PAK + UDI needed for unique license key file from Cisco.com

Show license udi

License install url

Reload

Cisco License Manager (CLM)

Ipbasek9 (IP base)

Datak9 (data)

Uck9 (unified communications)

Securityk9 (security)
Show license

Show license feature

Show version

License boot module (evaluation license)

Trains

Example: 12.4

T Train

New hardware/software support features

Example: 12.4(T)

Train number

Maintenance identifier

Rebuild identifier

12.4(21a) – 12.4 is train, 21 is maintenance identifier, a is rebuild identifier

Starting with 15, M train is mainline

15.0(1)M1

15 is major release

.0 is minor release

(1) Is new feature

M1 is M train rebuild

IP Base

Advanced Security

SP Services

Enterprise Base

Advanced IP Services

Enterprise Services

Advanced Enterprise Services
Show flash

C1900-universalk9-mz.SPA.152-4.bin

C1900 is series number

Universalk9 is feature set

M – runs from RAM

Z -zip compression

SPA – signed by Cisco for authenticity

F – runs from flash

R – runs from ROM

L – relocatable

X – mzip compression
Copy source-url destination url

Boot system