Colonize Mars 1ac contention 1: Inherency
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Now is keyNow is key: we are on the brink of a consciousness shift that was not available to previous generations Cashford, 2003 (Jules, The Moon: Myth and Image, p 364, this chapter available electronically at http://www.mnemosynefoundation.com/main_troubadourpress_cashford_2.htm) We may ask, then, metaphorically, what is the New Moon of our time? It has to be said that people of all ages have felt themselves to be on the brink of a new world order, and many a personal longing for renewal gains in credibility when represented on the social or cosmic plane. Nonetheless, it is highly probable that so many such intimations of crisis constitute a genuine recognition that collective modes of consciousness are in transition. Furthermore, the fact that many people are speaking of a paradigm shift may be itself the expression of a paradigm shifting, for the mind that reasons and communicates is typically the last aspect of the psyche to know about a change that has already taken place in the deepest springs of its being. Campbell has articulated this perception in the metaphor of death and rebirth: The old gods are dead or dying and people everywhere are searching, asking: What is the new mythology to be, the mythology of this unified earth as of one harmonious being?49 Continuing media connection to space is key to inaugurating the overview effect White 98 (Frank White, senior associate of the Space Studies Institute in Princeton, The Overview Effect: Space Exploration and Human Evolution, 66, 6-26-11, DS) The Copernican Perspective is a realization that the Earth is not only a whole system, but is also part of the solar system. It is an understanding that Copernicus was right: the sun, not the Earth, is the center of that system. The Overview Effect is the essential insight necessary for the building of a planetary civilization. The Copernican Perspective is the essential insight needed to build a solar civilization. The solar system is much larger than the Earth, composed of many more parts, including the sun, planets, moons, asteroids, and comets. We do not yet have a good model of how all these parts interact as a whole system or the role each part plays. As a society, we have only just begun to experience the Co- pernican Perspective, and robot probes have played a dominant role in this process. These have included robot flybys of the moon; probes to Venus and Mars by the United States and Soviet Union; the American Voyager spacecraft, which conducted spectacular fly- bys of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and their moons; and multinational expeditions to Halley's comet. All these missions have yielded new insights into the nature of the solar system, bringing many surprises and much new infor- mation. While no humans have actually visited any celestial body other than the moon, the continuing transmission of television pictures into the homes of people all over the world institutionalizes the Copernican Perspective in the same way that satellites insti- tutionalize the Overview Effect. Robot missions to Mars stand out as unique in their actual and potential impact on human consciousness. For example, studies of planetwide Martian dust storms in 1970 laid the groundwork for the nuclear winter hypothesis, which has created a fundamental shift in our understanding of the survivability of nuclear war. The Gaia hypothesis, which has focused on describing the nature of life on Earth, began when James Lovelock was asked by NASA to consult on search-for-life experiments that accompanied the Vi- king mission to Mars.
There is no danger of radiation while traveling to Mars Zubrin 1996 (Rober Zubrin, American aerospace engineer and author, The case for Mars, June 23, 2011, MH) Despite all the hand wringing over the danger of radiation on the way to Mars, it needs to be understood that neither of the doses shown in Table 4.1 is especially threatening. To place them in perspective, we should note that every 60 rem. of radiation received over an extended period, such as a several-year round-trip Mars mission, adds 1 percent of extra risk of a fatal cancer at some point later in life to a thirty-five-year-old woman, while 80 rem adds 1 percent of extra risk of fatal cancer to a thirty-five-year-old man. Radiation is not a major risk driver of a piloted Mars mission. Short time frame for solvency—we can get to Mars soon Zubrin 1996 (Rober Zubrin, American aerospace engineer and author, The case for Mars, June 24, 2011, MH) Mars Direct says what it means. The plan discards unnecessary, expensive, and time-consuming detours: no need for assembly of spaceships in low Earth orbit; no need to refuel in space; no need for spaceships hangars at an enlarged Space Station, and no requirement for dawn-out development of lunar bases as a prelude to Mars exploration. Avoiding these detours brings the first landing on Mars perhaps twenty years earlier than would otherwise happen, and avoids the ballooning administrative cost that tend to afflict extended government programs. It would cost $20 billion to go to Mars Zubrin 1996 (Rober Zubrin, American aerospace engineer and author, The case for Mars, June 24, 2011, MH) A rough cost estimate for Mars Direct would be about $20 billion to develop all the required hardware, with each individual Mars mission costing about $2 Billion once the ships and equipment were in production. While certainly a great sum, spent over a period of ten years it would only represent about 7 percent of the existing combined military and civilian space budget. Furthermore, this money could drive our economy forward in just the same way as the spending of $70 billion (in today’s terms) on science and technology in the Apollo program contributing to the high rates of economic growth of America during the 1960s. One-way trips to Mars make colonizing technologically and economically feasible Schulze-Makuch, Davies 2010 (Dirk Schulze-Makuch, Ph.D. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Paul Davies, Ph.D. Beyond Center, Arizona State University, To Boldly Go: A One-Way Human Mission to Mars, Journal of Cosmology, http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars108.html, 6-21-2011, DS) A human mission to Mars is technologically feasible, but hugely expensive requiring enormous financial and political commitments. A creative solution to this dilemma would be a one-way human mission to Mars in place of the manned return mission that remains stuck on the drawing board. Our proposal would cut the costs several fold but ensure at the same time a continuous commitment to the exploration of Mars in particular and space in general. It would also obviate the need for years of rehabilitation for returning astronauts, which would not be an issue if the astronauts were to remain in the low-gravity environment of Mars. We envision that Mars exploration would begin and proceed for a long time on the basis of outbound journeys only. A mission to Mars could use some of the hardware that has been developed for the Moon program. One approach could be to send four astronauts initially, two on each of two space craft, each with a lander and sufficient supplies, to stake a single outpost on Mars. A one-way human mission to Mars would not be a fixed duration project as in the Apollo program, but the first step in establishing a permanent human presence on the planet. The astronauts would be re-supplied on a periodic basis from Earth with basic necessities, but otherwise would be expected to become increasingly proficient at harvesting and utilizing resources available on Mars. Eventually the outpost would reach self-sufficiency, and then it could serve as a hub for a greatly expanded colonization program. There are many reasons why a human colony on Mars is a desirable goal, scientifically and politically. The strategy of one-way missions brings this goal within technological and financial feasibility. Nevertheless, to attain it would require not only major international cooperation, but a return to the exploration spirit and risk-taking ethos of the great period of Earth exploration, from Columbus to Amundsen, but which has nowadays been replaced with a culture of safety and political correctness. Establishing a Mars base is feasible both technologically and fiscally Schulze-Makuch, Davies 2010 (Dirk Schulze-Makuch, Ph.D. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Washington State University, Paul Davies, Ph.D. Beyond Center, Arizona State University, To Boldly Go: A One-Way Human Mission to Mars, Journal of Cosmology, http://journalofcosmology.com/Mars108.html, 6-21-2011, DS) The exploration of Mars has been a priority for the space programs of several nations for decades, yet the prospect of a manned expedition continually recedes in the face of daunting and well-recognized challenges. The long travel time to Mars in zero gravity and high radiation conditions would impose a serious health burden on the astronauts. The costs of developing the launch vehicle and assembling the large amount of equipment needed for the astronauts to survive the journey and their long sojourn on the Martian surface, together with a need to send all the fuel and supplies for a return journey make a manned Mars expedition at least an order of magnitude more expensive than the Apollo program. In our view, however, many of these human and financial problems would be ameliorated by a one-way mission. It is important to realize that this is not a "suicide mission." The astronauts would go to Mars with the intention of staying for the rest of their lives, as trailblazers of a permanent human Mars colony. They would be resupplied periodically from Earth, and eventually develop some "home grown" industry such as food production and mineral/chemical processing (Zubrin and Baker 1992; Zubrin and Wagner 1997). Their role would be to establish a "base camp" to which more colonists would eventually be sent, and to carry out important scientific and technological projects meanwhile. Of course, the life expectancy of the astronauts would be substantially reduced, but that would also be the case for a return mission. The riskiest part of space exploration is take-off and landing, followed by the exposure to space conditions. Both risk factors would be halved in a one-way mission, and traded for the rigors of life in a cramped and hostile environment away from sophisticated medical equipment. On the financial front, abandoning the need to send the fuel and supplies for the return journey would cut costs dramatically, arguably by about 80 percent. Furthermore, once a Mars base has been established, it would be politically much easier to find the funding for sustaining it over the long term than to mount a hugely expensive return mission. Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 481.88 Kb. Share with your friends:
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