Us history Fort Burrows
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US History Fort Burrows
Early Europe, Africa, & Asia Chapter 2.2 ♥♥ Read pages 18 – 25 “As the Sky turned from Peach to Baby Blue, the warming aromas of the countryside rose to my nose and gave me Hope” How you should describe something. A Meaty Sentence! Burrows, 2015 The period from about 500AD to around 1500 is known as the Middle Ages During the early Middle Ages, invasion and war were common. People in Europe had to find new means of defending themselves. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ab9i0s4WEY0&feature=player_embedded Let’s Dance – Killers – ‘Hold On’ Why this matters to Fort Burrows 8th graders today … I Need 4 volunteers to READ Scientist believe that sometime during the last Ice Age, hunters crossed a land bridge connecting Asia and present-day Alaska. They traveled South in search of food and shelter and settled in North, Central, and South America. They established great cultures, including the Aztec, the Maya, the Inca, and the Texan civilizations. The cultures of North Americas in North America reflected the land and climate of the regions in which they lived. Meanwhile, civilizations in Asia, Africa and Europe developed advanced technologies and searched for new trade routes. Asians sailed along the East coast of Africa. Europeans journeyed to Asia and the Arab people followed trade routes to Africa. Finally, searching for a new trade route to Asia, Christopher Columbus, {CC} brought Europe into contact with the Americas. Competition for new lands in the Americas created and worsened tensions among European nations. The exploration and settlement of the Americas laid the foundation for the eventual development of the United States. To Europeans of 500 years ago, traveling to the Americas, Africa, and Asia was much like going to another planet – a dangerous journey, with no assurance of a safe return. Those who made the trek, however, changed history. The world today would be vastly different if Europe had remained in relative isolation. The new technologies that allowed Europeans to sail farther brought great changes to people in Europe and the Americas, just as developing technology significantly affects our lives today in ways we can’t always predict. Today people can fly from the United States to Asia in less than 1 day. News from Africa is broadcast worldwide within hours. Sending an e-mail to someone in Russia takes seconds. We live in a truly Global Age. Vocabulary: Renaissance – ‘cultural rebirth’ that occurred in Europe from the 14th through the middle of the 17th centuries, based on the rediscovery of the literature of Greece and Rome feudalism – system of rule by Lords who ruled their lands but owed loyalty and military service to a monarch manor – the lands controlled by the Lord of that land self-sufficient – making/creating most everything an individual or community needs Christianity – religion based on the teaching of Jesus Christ, 0AD (Protestants & Catholics) Judaism – religion based on the Old Testament, c.2000BC (Jews) Islam – religion based on the teaching of Prophet Muhammad, 600AD (Muslims) Crusades – series of wars fought between Christians and Muslims over a region known as Holy Land (Palestine) which is today called Israel innovation – new methods and practical ideas crankshaft – levers for imparting oscillatory motion to a rotating shaft, one end of the crank being fixed to the shaft and the other end receiving reciprocating motion from a hand astrolabe – instrument used to help sailors determine their latitude position at sea latitude – the angular distance North or South from the equator of a point on the earth's surface Silk Road – overland route that linked China and the Middle East caravan – group of people that travel together for safety savanna – grassland of Western Africa extended family – several generations of a family that live together kinship – people that share a common ancestor Renaissance – rebirth clergy – people who have the authority to perform religious service technological – knowledge related to ways of done things, sometimes involving complex scientific knowledge pilgrimage – specific journey for specific reason textile – cloth produced by weaving or knitting fibers together monastery – place of residence by a community of persons under religious vows Europe in the Middle Ages Feudalism Kings and Queens divided the land among Nobles in return for future Armies Nobles ruled over the Peasants Peasants farmed the land and could never leave without the Nobles permission manor lands; the lord’s castle, the land around it, may include villages 900AD changes – technology grew more food less fighting more Trading began Religion – Crusades - Growing Trade Judaism (Jews) - Christianity (Catholics & Protestants) - Islam (Muslims) Roman Catholic Church was the most powerful, controlled land, controlled education Crusades – war between Catholics and Muslims over control of land, ?? What Lands ?? _____________________________________ out of War comes Technology and Trade Italians were 1st to discover $$$ in trading with the Muslim world
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Adults in America -- Summer 2015 2016
8/28/2016 http://www.pewforum.org/religious-landscape-study/ Technological Innovations demand for ‘new’ goods – foods, spices, silk, rugs, etc. – Sharing of knowledge Muslim sailing skills, using lateen (large triangular) sails created by Egyptians Chinese magnetic compass and astrolabe by 1500, Portugal had taken over the ‘Seas of Discovery’ 10th century Muslim math-man invent pin-hole camera Muslim engineer invented the crankshaft, still used to today in modern machinery 600 AD, Persians invented the windmill to grind corn ?? What did Texans use to grind their corn and wheat ?? ___________________ ¿¿ How did the crusades affect trade in the Middle East ? 1. ___________________________________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________________________________ The Middle East [M-E]– Crossroad to Europe, Asia, Africa Muslim Conquest as trading spreads so did new religions and ideas c.600AD, Islam religion began in Arabia {Arabs} in Southern Middle East, M-E as the Arabs expanded, they conquered lands in North Africa, Spain, from Persia to India, South Asia to Portugal, by trading and by fighting, they spread the new Islamic religion Muslim duty to pilgrimage to Mecca annually, encourage trade among Muslim lands Navigating the Seas from China – perfumes, fabrics, jade and tea Spice Islands of Indonesia – nutmeg, clove, mace East Africa – cloth, indigo, sugar, spices, salt, and slaves *** sadly, these skills to produce such items as indigo and sugar will make the East Africans most desirable in America come 1600’s Silk Road overland route through grasslands, mountains and deserts linking China w/ M-E Chinese prize, Silk, 1000s of years traders created caravans to travel the dangerous route ?? What were some of the ‘dangers’ on the Silk Road ?? ________________________________ ¿¿ How would you define the Silk Road ? _________________________________________________________________________ African Cultures and Technologies City-States of East Africa natural harbors create trade port {***important Boston, New York, Charlestown} traded gold, hardwoods, ivory created powerful and wealthy City-States these rulers traded humans SLAVES with groups around Indian Ocean Swahili language – blend of Arabic words and African languages Trading Kingdoms of West Africa grasslands called Savanna gained their power and wealth thru warfare and conquering neighboring lands Ways of Life in Africa small villages, survived by herding animals, fishing, farming lived in extended family kinship encourage a strong sense of community and protection religion was believe in powerful Spirits that could help or harm the living TRADE IN AFRICA and EURASIA {landmass of Europe and Asia}
NOTE: WHY a Camel Caravans: Merchant caravans in the 1400s traveled great distances in all kinds of weather over rough ground. Fresh supplies of food & water were not always available. The camel was a valuable business asset in these conditions. It was uniquely suited to travel on the trade routes of Asia and Africa. The camel’s wide, soft feet enabled it to travel sand or snow; its double rows of eyelashes, its ear hair, and its nostrils that closed protected its sensory organs from windblown objects; its hump stored fat; its coat provided warmth in winter. Chinese Trade and Technology Increase of Trade one ruler called an Emperor most isolated civilization of ancient times, thought & taught, center of the world invented the rudder, used to steer large ships created watertight method for ship hulls, reduced sinking created the magnetic compass, used in navigation, always points North Zheng He (JUNG HUH) had over 300 ships, largest was 400 feet long traded w/ Southeast Asia, India, Arabia, East Africa invented paper in 105AD used a printing press birthed ‘Gun Powder’, which Europeans will develop to use in guns & cannons ¿¿ How did new technologies improve Chinese ships ? 1. ________________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________________ Europe’s Renaissance trade with new countries increased the desires for ‘knowledge’ this burst of learning and innovation was called the ‘Renaissance’ (REN uh sahns) 1430s, German Johannes Gutenberg (GOOT un berg) developed printing press with moveable type, this was much easier in Europe due to only 26 letters in the alphabet prior, all books were hand-written, now more books, cheaper cost, expanded learning capabilities ¿¿ What effect did movable type and the printing press have on learning ? 1. ________________________________________________________________________ 2. ________________________________________________________________________ New Trade Routes English & French monarchy reeled in powerful feudal lords & regained control of their lands Spanish and Portuguese Catholics ended fighting with Muslim Africans, RECONQUISTA ! Middle Eastern & Italian Merchants controlled the Mediterranean Sea tales of Mansa Musa’s extreme wealth of GOLD turned Europe to look at Africa NOW eager to increase wealth and stature began looking for new trade routes
1497, Vasco de Gama sailed around the tip of Africa, Cape Hope, across the Indian Ocean to India and the islands of Southeast Asia – SPICES was his game
. 1. What advantages did Middle Eastern merchants possess that allowed them to take such a central role in the expansion of overseas trade ? A. ______________________________________________________________________ B. ______________________________________________________________________ 2. What were the benefits of the feudal system in Europe in the Middle Ages ? _______________________________________________________________________ 3. What were some of the main causes that led to the great burst of learning known as Renaissance ? A. ______________________________________________________________________ B. ______________________________________________________________________ 4.How did trade between China and other civilizations have long term effects worldwide ? _______________________________________________________________________ 5. How did the crusades set the stage for the Age of Exploration that followed ? _______________________________________________________________________ of 2.2 Class Notes Directory: cms -> lib -> TX01000550 -> Centricity -> Domain -> 880 lib -> 1. naclo 2015 – North American Computational Linguistics Olympiad lib -> 1. naclo 2017 – North American Computational Linguistics Olympiad lib -> Chem I honors Unit 2 Notes: Numbers in Chemistry Measurement lib -> Sanderson High School ap human Geography Summer Assignment 2016 lib -> Find fantastic ousd elementary music programs lib -> American Studies Pacing Calendar 2014-2015 lib -> The ap history Timeline 8000bce-the Present lib -> Absolutism in Europe 880 -> Assigned: Due: Use the Political Map on Page 620 Download 95.52 Kb. Share with your friends:
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