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The Four Seasons

Temperate regions are known for their four season climates. These seasons are known as summer, winter, spring, and fall. The seasons are annual cycles caused by the angle of tilt of the Earth’s rotational axis and the amount of solar radiation that the southern and northern hemisphere receives. The tilt remains at an angle of 23o 27’ as the Earth orbits the sun (Pacific Island Travel, 2004). The earth makes one complete orbit around the sun in one year of 365.25 days. This can be seen in the diagram below.

Summer in this particular temperate region around the lake experiences the least amount of cloud cover. More than 60% of available sunshine is received during the day while nights are generally cooler. During the summer months the average daytime highs in temperature range in the mid 80s while average nighttime lows in temperature are in the mid 50s (Pennsylvania State Climatologist, 2004). The summer in this area averages 25 days where the temperature reaches 90 degrees or higher. Prevailing winds in this region are from the southwest and average 8 – 10 mph.

The winter months in this area are typically the colder months. Average daytime highs in temperature range in the upper 30s while the nighttime lows in temperature are in the upper teens. Sub-zero temperatures are observed on an average of four days per winter and the first snowfall usually occurs in late November or early December. Most snowstorms seldom exceed 10 inches of snow (Pennsylvania State Climatologist, 2004). Approximately one inch of snow falls every 37 days, and 6 inches or more on 9 days annually.

Spring and fall are the times in which there is a transition between the extreme seasons in temperature of summer and winter. General winds come from the west and average 10 mph. Seventy degree weather recordings are seen in the spring in late April and after the warm summer these temperatures are also seen in the fall month of October. The dry periods of time occur mostly in the fall. The longest dry period was 31 days, which lasted the entire month of October in 1963. The fall is one of the nicest times of year because you can witness the color changing of the leaves and enjoy warm, dry, sunny weather. The average date of the first fall frost is October 5, with the earliest on September 14, 1964. The average date of the last spring frost is May 10th, with the latest observed on June 8, 1982 (Pennsylvania State Climatologist, 2004). The average growing season during these times of year is 148 days.

Temperature and Precipitation

The average temperatures of this area reflect Pennsylvania’s moist climate with cold winters and cold summers. Average Temperature is the monthly mean of the daily (24 hour) temperature. The winter months average around 24 – 28 degrees Fahrenheit (-4 to -2 degrees Celsius). And the summer months average around 68 – 72 degrees Fahrenheit (20 – 22 degrees Celsius). The average annual rainfall is 37.7 inches (Pennsylvania State Climatologist, 2004).




Temperature Statistics









Rainfall Statistics
Average Monthly Rainfall


Month

Average Rainfall (Inches)

January

2.4

February

2.2

March

3.4

April

3.1

May

3.4

June

3.1

July

4

August

3.6

September

3.5

October

3.3

November

3.2

December

2.5

Record Monthly Maximum and Minimum Rainfall




Month

Record Maximum (Inches)

Day and Year

Record Minimum (Inches)

Day and Year

January

2.73

16, 1996

0.13

31, 1975

February

1.96

24, 1998

0.25

27, 1979

March

1.88

4, 1999

0.21

16, 1978

April

1.84

3, 1977

0.37

18, 1982

May

2.07

24, 1979

0.44

9, 1978

June

2.27

9, 1993

0.44

22, 1989

July

2.58

21, 1989

0.24

10, 1990

August

3.27

16, 1999

0.04

1, 1989

September

4.55

7, 1996

0.32

3, 1974

October

3.72

21, 1995

0.06

7, 1979

November

3.42

8, 1997

0.38

24, 1980

December

2.62

11, 1992

0.38

31, 1975




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