Ddi 2012 1 ✈NextGen Aff
UAS use now is case-by-case and non-commercial
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- Solvency – Collision Avoidance NextGen provides sensors and processes that allow automated UAS collision avoidance Roberts
- Solvency - Communication NextGen is key to UAS communication and deal with future increases in their use Ayhan
- Solvency – Information
UAS use now is case-by-case and non-commercialCox et al., 12 Vicki Cox, Senior Vice President, NextGen, et al., lots of people in the FAA, DoD, NASA, and other, 3-15-12, [“Next Generation Air Transportation System Unmanned Aircraft Systems Research, Development and Demonstration Roadmap,” Joint Planning and Development Office, http://www.jpdo.gov/library/20120315_UAS%20RDandD%20Roadmap.pdf] E. Liu UAS have evolved from simple radio controlled model airplanes to sophisticated aircraft that today play a unique role in many public missions such as border surveillance, weather monitoring, military training, wildlife surveys and local law enforcement, and have the potential to do so for many civil missions as well. However, the current NAS is designed around the use of manned aircraft, and UAS access to the NAS, especially for commercial operations, remains restricted. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) currently allows UAS operations on a case-by-case basis under an FAA Certificate of Approval or Waiver (COA), based on the capabilities of the particular UAS. Public entities—law enforcement, Department of Defense (DOD), Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and universities—may gain access to civil airspace for a UAS by applying for a COA. Special airworthiness certificates are available to civil operators for experimental purposes, which unfortunately precludes operations for compensation or hire. Solvency – Collision Avoidance NextGen provides sensors and processes that allow automated UAS collision avoidance Roberts, directs MITRE's independent research and development programs in civil aviation and air traffic management, 11 Glenn Roberts, directs MITRE's independent research and development programs in civil aviation and air traffic management, 5-11, [“Research Challenge: The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen),” The MITRE Corporation, www.mitre.org/work/tech_papers/2011/11_2464/11_2464.pdf] E. Liu Present-day “sense-and-avoid” initiatives seek to mitigate collision risks through self-separation (i.e., the capability of UAS to remain “well clear” and safely separated from other traffic) and collision avoidance (i.e., the capability of both manned and unmanned aircraft to prevent collisions in cases where safe separation is lost by executing extreme maneuvers just prior to closest point of approach). Using sensors either on board the aircraft (i.e., airborne-based) or situated on the ground (i.e., ground-based), “sense and avoid” approaches obtain traffic-situational awareness information and then directly (via onboard automation) or indirectly (via remote pilot action) move to ensure self-separation and collision avoidance. This research explores the viability of cooperative airspace concepts through an initial focus on cooperative autonomous “sense-and-avoid” (CASA) applications. Through a progressive series of experiments and flight demonstrations, we intend to explore the technical and operational issues associated with autonomously ensuring a separation distance that both meets the “well clear” safety criteria and considers mission constraints and limitations in the presence of both cooperative and non-cooperative aircraft. The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) 13 CASA refers to an implementation alternative where airborne equipment receives position information for or from all local traffic and onboard automation then detects potential separation conflicts and/or collision hazards, determines the appropriate maneuver, executes the maneuver, and determines when to return to course. The remote pilot could override the autonomous maneuver if necessary; however, no direct pilot action is required to initiate it. This pilot-on-theloop architecture is not susceptible to vulnerabilities and latency in the C2 link, but the inherent complexity of assuring correct operation and certifying it for safety-of-life application introduces nontrivial development and safety risks. During the initial phase of this multiyear project, we intend to demonstrate the feasibility of cooperative autonomous separation assurance using small, lightweight (under 55 pound) UAS platforms in restricted airspace. Specifically, small UAS equipped with first-generation CASA algorithms and supported by currently available technologies (such as ADS-B, GPS/Wide Area Augmentation System [WAAS], and Universal Access Transceiver [UAT] Beacon Radio [UBR]) will (1) identify an imminent breach of “well clear” safety criteria; (2) determine a safe, platformappropriate maneuver; (3) execute the maneuver autonomously; and then (4) return to mission profile in an efficient manner without intervention from the ground station or other control facility. This initial phase will directly inform subsequent phases that focus on second-generation CASA algorithms and a surrogate UAS platform operating within non-exclusionary airspace. In both phases, flight demonstrations will show stakeholders how readily-available technology can be integrated to provide effective, affordable, cooperative, autonomous separation assurance. Furthermore, these efforts will enable an enhanced understanding of the relationship between different classes of UAS and “well clear” safety criteria, while providing an opportunity to investigate safe methods for communicating positional information for non-cooperative aircraft. Through these field deployments and evaluations, we will explore technical and operational issues. The data generated can help inform policy decisions in the aviation community, bring “sense and avoid” concepts and architectures to maturity, and realize the promise of NextGen avoidance systems. Solvency - Communication NextGen is key to UAS communication and deal with future increases in their use Ayhan, Sr. Software Engineer at Boeing, et al., 11 Samet Ayhan, Sr. Software Engineer at Boeing, et al., Paul Comitz, David Sweet, Les Robinson, Pam Arkebauer, 11, [“THE NEO SPIRAL II PROGRAM: AN FAA/INDUSTRY EXPLORATION OF UNMANNED AIRCRAFT SYSTEM INTEGRATION IN THE NATIONAL AIRSPACE SYSTEM ,” www.hafnerengineering.com/papers/NEO_DASC-2011_Final.pdf] E. Liu Unmanned Aircraft (UA) represent an increasingly important and relevant subset of NAS operators from a military, homeland security, research, and commercial perspective. Current access to the NAS is only given to UAs based on a case-bycase basis using Certificates of Authorization (COAs), which tend to follow a tedious and lengthy approval process. Given the expected increase in unmanned aircraft operations in the future NextGen NAS, more dynamic access procedures are needed that would allow UAS operators to file flight plans and be able to dynamically change routes and intent while in the air. As stated in the Joint Planning and Development (JPDO) Net-Centric Concept of Operations: “It is expected that the presence of UAS will increase substantially 33.. in the NextGen environment, including non-military UAS, which may be used for such activities as transporting goods, conducting scientific research, pipeline reconnaissance, forest-fire monitoring, and more. The net-centric environment of NextGen will be crucial for enabling the communications between UAS avionics and Ground Control Stations (GCS) and-or UAS crews, and between ATC and GCS.” [2] Solvency – Information Directory: files files -> Answer True False 2 points Question 2 files -> Integer programming and game theory files -> 4 Integer Programming files -> Bpa vehicle Window Repair Scenario #1 task: Procure vehicle window relacement. Objective files -> Pop Warner History files -> North Carolina Inclusion Initiative Mapping Where Children with ieps are Being Served Purpose files -> Fall 2013 Spring 2014 Program Data: Standard 1 Exhibit 4d files -> Hanban – asia society confucius classrooms network 2010 request for proposal files -> Northern England’s set-jetting locations Download 0.91 Mb. Share with your friends:
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