Dimensional analysis and hydraulic similitude



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3. Flow with a Free Surface

The flows in canals, rivers, spillways, around ships are some of the examples involving a free surface. In these flow patterns, following forces and numbers are of important. They are,



  • Gravitational force (Froude number)

  • Surface tension (Weber number)

  • Inertia force (Reynolds number)

Thus general formulation for problems involving the flow with a free surface is expressed as,

(5)

Since gravity is the driving force, so Froude number similarity must be maintained i.e.



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