District disaster management

I take this opportunity to thank Mrs. Bhawna Garg, IAS, Special Secretary Revenue, The Disaster Management Department, Govt. of Punjab, for giving me the responsibility to write the State Disaster Management Plan-2010-11. Throughout the process her guidance, cooperation and suggestions helped me. I also extend my thanks to Mr. K.S. Pannu, Deputy Commissioner, Amritsar.

Preparing the draft Amritsar State Disaster Management Plan requires tremendous effort, time and dedication. Material, Data and literatures are rare and time is very limited. Still, the work has to be carried out from whatever material and time available.

Mistakes, errors, omissions, unnecessary repetitions etc., are bound to happen. Any suggestions for addition and cancellation, criticisms, corrections and advices are welcome.

Project Officer

Government of Punjab

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Although common man is not so familiar with the term disaster management; they are much aware of certain phenomenon like Earthquake, Landslide, and Cyclone and now even Tsunami. Since time immemorial India is highly prone to natural calamities. Today, from Kanyakumari to Himalayas, India doesn’t have any region exempted from one or another kind of disaster.
According to recent study, 65 per cent of Indian landmass is highly prone to earthquakes; whereas, 12 per cent is submerged under water annually (Ministry of Home Affairs. The unanswered question, today, is how to tackle such disasters.
Amritsar the most populous district in the state, is one of the border districts, which share Common boundaries with Pakistan .It is situated in the northwestern part of the state in the Bari Doab, a territory situated between Beas and Ravi rivers. According to 2001 Census total population of District Amritsar is 2152182. Rural population is 1050102 out of which schedule caste population is 358580 .Urban population is 1102080 out of which 229418 is schedule caste population.
The district Amritsar fall in Zone IV on the seismic scale corresponding the MMI (Modified Mercalli Intensit) VIII making it prone to earthquake and it may lead to, major, damage in the district. The possible percentage of buildings likely to be damaged is 25-40 percent depending upon the number of stories. The deaths are likely to occur can be in the range of 2000-5000 and number of casualties can be 25000, even when estimated conservatively. As district Amritsar falls within the seismic Zone IV, therefore earthquake disaster of high intensity, may occurred in this district and the possibility of such disaster is rather remote in future. But at the same time, large scale erosion by the rivers resulting into floods and collapsing of dilapidated building especially during the rainy season cannot be ruled out.
Rapidly increasing urbanization and industrialization of Amritsar has not only adversely impacted the quality of ambient air in the city but also has affected the city’s water resources. The ground water pollution in Amritsar is the result of seepage of polluted water from the drains (Tungdhab, Hudiara and Ganda Nallah), release of industrial effluents and heavy metals, leaching of agricultural chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers to groundwater aquifers.

At present, 64 slums exist in the city that has been notified by the Municipal Corporation. Largest number of slums was notified in 1986/87 i.e. 32 (24 to 54) localities were declared as slums.

1.1 Disaster /Management Basic Concept………………………………….1

1.2 Disaster Management Cycle…………………………………………….….2

1.3 Need for Planning………………………………………………………………3

1.4 Objectives of Planning………………………………………………………..3

1.5 Classification of Hazards……………………………………………………..6

2.1 Brief History of the District………………………………………………….9

2.2 District Organizational Structure………………………………………….11 2.3 Physical Characteristics………………………………………………………12

2.4 Climate……………………………………………………………………………..13

2.5 Rainfall……………………………………………………………………………..13

2.6 Land Holding Pattern………………………………………………………….15

2.7 Demographic Profile and Economic Base………………………………20

2.8 Economy and Employment………………………………………………….24

2.9 Trade and Commerce…………………………………………………………27

2.10 Road Network and Means of Transportation………………………29

2.11 Railway Station……………………………………………………………….34

2.12 Airport……………………………………………………………………………35

2.13 Social Infrastructure………………………………………………………..35

2.14 Health ……………………………………………………………………………41

2.15 Civic Amenities/Services…………………………………………………..43

2.16 Drainage and Canal System……………………………………………..46

3.1 Types of Hazards the District Prone To………………………………..53

3.2 Earthquake……………………………………………………………………….54

3.3 Flood ……………………………………………………………………………….56

3.4 Hazard/ Vulnerability Analysis……………………………………………..59

3.5 Other Hazards 65

3.6 Environment Pollution…………………………………………………………69

3.7 Housing pattern…………………………………………………………………78

3.8 Urban Poor and Slums………………………………………………………..81

3.9 Industrial Growth ……………………………………………………………...84

3.10 Infrastructure and Service Delivery……………………………………86

CHAPTER 4: INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM OF DISASTER MANAGEMENT 99-130

4.1 National Level Mechanism………………………………………………….99

4.1.1 National Crisis Management Committee…………………………………..99

4.1.2 National Crisis Management Group…………………………………………99

4.1.3 National Disaster Management Authority…………………………………99

4.2 State Level Mechanism…………………………………………………….100

4.2.1 Amritsar Disaster Management Authority……………………………….100

4.2.2 State Crisis Management Group…………………………………………….100

4.2.3 State Steering Committee……………………………………………………..101

4.2.4 State Working Groups…………………………………………………………..101

4.3 Districts Level Mechanism in Amritsar……………………………….102

4.3.1 District Disaster Management Committee………………………………102

4.3.2 Duties of DDMC Members-Amritsar………………………………………103

4.3.3 District Crisis Management Group…………………………………………110

4.3.4 District Working Groups………………………………………………………114

4.3.5 Block Disaster Management Committee (BDMC)…………………….116

4.3.6 Village Disaster Management Committee (VDMC)…………………..116

4.3.7 Emergency Operation Center……………………………………………….117

4.3.8 Role of Emergency Operation Center in Normal Time…………….118

4.3.9 Role of Emergency Operation Center during Disasters……………119

4.4 Incident Command System in District Amritsar…………………..119

4.4.1 Major Functions of Incident Commander……………………………….120

4.4.2 Major Functions of Operation Section Chief……………………………121

4.4.3 Major Functions of Planning Section Chief……………………………..121

4.4.4 Major Functions of Logistic Section Chief……………………………….121

4.4.5 Major Functions of Finance Section Chief……………………………….121

4.4.6 Onsite Emergency Operation Centers…………………………………….122

4.5 Emergency Support Functions………………………………………….122

4.6 Disaster Management Teams…………………………………………….123

4.7 Control Room……………………………………………………………………124

5.1 Non-Structural Mitigation Plan……………………………………………131

5.1.1 Preparedness Methodology……………………………………………………131

5.1.2 Sensitization/Awareness Campaign………………………………………..131

5.1.3 Training and Capacity Building……………………………………………….132

5.1.4 Disaster Management Planning………………………………………………133

5.1.5 Disaster Resource Inventory………………………………………………….134

5.1.6 Enforcing Existing Codes and Laws………………………………………..134

5.2 Structural Mitigation Measures…………………………………………..135

5.2.1 Retrofitting………………………………………………………………………….136

5.2.2 Earth Quake Resistant Construction……………………………………….136

CHAPTER 6: ACTION RESPONSE PLAN FOR EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTIONS ……………………138-152

6.1 Short Term Response Plan……………………………………………………138

6.1.1 Rescue Operations………………………………….……………………………….138

6.1.2 Relief Operations…………………………………………………………………….139

6.1.3 Rehabilitation………………………………………………………………………….140

6.2 Long-Term Response Plans…………………………………………………..140

7.1 SOP for emergency Support Functions………………………………….153

7.1.1 ESF 1 Coordination………………………………………………………………….153

7.1.2 ESF 2 Communication……………………………………………………………..157

7.1.3 ESF 3 Evacuations, Search and Rescue……………………………………..161

7.1.4 ESF 4 Law and Order………………………………………………………………163

7.1.5 ESF 5 Emergency Medical Response and Trauma Counseling………164

7.1.6 ESF 6 Water Supply…………………………………………………………………167

7.1.7 ESF 7 Relief (Food and Shelter)……………………………………………….. 168

7.1.8 ESF 8 Equipment Support, Debris and Road Clearance………………...171

7.1.9 ESF 9 Help Lines, Warning Dissemination………………………………...…173

7.1.10 ESF10 Electricity…………………………………………………………………….174

7.1.11 ESF 11Transportation………………………………………………………………175

7.2 SOP for Community Task Forces………………………………………….177

7.2.1 Community Task Forces…………………………………………………………..177

7.2.2 CTF 1 Warning and Communication Group………………………………..177

7.2.3 CTF 2 Evacuations & Temporary Shelter Management Group………177

7.2.4 CTF 3 Damage Assessment Group…………………………………………….179

7.2.5 CTF 4 Search and Rescue Group………………………………………………179

7.2.6 CTF 5 First Aid and Trauma Counseling Group…………………………..180

7.2.7 CTF 6 Relief Co-Ordination Group…………………………………………….180

7.2.8 CTF 7 Water And Sanitation Group…………………………………………..181

8.1 Flood ……………………………………………………………………………..183

8.2 Earthquake……………………………………………………………………..198

8.3 Epidemics……………………………………………………………………….204

8.4 Cattle Epidemic………………………………………………………………..204

8.5 Village Fire

Table No.2 Assembly Constituencies

Table No.3 Average Annual Rainfall

Table No.4 Area under different land use/land cover categories in Amritsar district

Table No.5 Block wise Rural Population

Table No.6 Municipality wise Urban Population

Table No.7 Population Growth

Table No.8 Sex Ratio in Amritsar

Table No.9 Total Migrants and Migrants in Last 10 Years by Place of Last Residence to Amritsar city (2001)

Table No.10 Total Migrants by Place of Last Residence from different states to Amritsar City (2001)

Table No.11Migration of Workers by Place of Last Residence to Amritsar city (2001)

Table No.12 Industrial Classification of Main Workers in Amritsar City

Table No.13 Details of livestock and poultry in the Amritsar district, 2007

Table No.14 Statement showing the details of Road Cross-Section and R/W of Inter and Intra City Road Falling in Amritsar Local Planning Area

Table No.15 List of Odr Falling in Amritsar along with cross sectional details

Table No.16 Length of Roads within Amritsar M. C. (in kms)

Table No.17 Level of Education Facilities in Amritsar – Schools, etc

Table No.18 Higher Level of Education Facilities in Amritsar

Table No.19 Schools/Colleges per 10,000 Populations in Statutory Towns, 2001

Table No.20 Population, Number of Villages and Towns, 2001

Table No.21 Number and percentage of literates and illiterates by tehsils, 2001

Table No.22 Number and Percentage of Literates and Illiterates By Sex in Urban Agglomerations / Towns, 2001

Table No.23 Distribution of Workers by Sex In Four Categories Of Economic Activity In Tehsils, 2001

Table No.24 Medical Infrastructure in Amritsar

Table No.25 Number of Beds In Medical Institutions In Towns, 2001

Table No.26 Veterinary Institutions in Amritsar

Table No.27 Fire Stations of Amritsar District

Table No.28 Police Stations Falling in Amritsar

Table No.29 Record to Previous Floods

Table No.30 Trend of Road Accidents in Amritsar city and village level, 1997-2010

Table No.31 SPM, SO2, NOX Levels in industrial area of Amritsar at different Air monitoring station from 1997 -2001

Table No.32 Ground Water Quality at Five Sampling Stations of Amritsar city

Table No.33 Noise Level (dB) Monitoring during the year 2006 in Amritsar

Table No.34 Details of animals slaughtered in the Amritsar District, 2008

Table No.35 Pattern of Use of Census Houses Category wise in Municipal Corporation, Amritsar (2001)

Table No.36 Distribution of Residential Houses by their Type of Structure in Municipal Corporation, Amritsar: 2001

Table No.37 Distribution of Slum Population to Amritsar M.C. Population

Table No.38 Slum Population Characteristics

Table No.39 Ownership of Land under Slums in Amritsar

Table No.40 Basic Services & Amenities Existing in Slums of Amritsar

Table No.41 Major Industrial Locations in Amritsar City

Table No.42 Comparison of Industrial Data at City and District Level, 2007

Table No.43 Total Number of Tube wells in Amritsar

Table No.44 Water Supply information in Amritsar (MC)

Table No.45 Sewerage Details of Urban Settlements in Amritsar

Table No.46 Length of Drainage Network in Amritsar Municipal Corporation Area

Table No.47 Details of Landfill Sites in Amritsar Municipal Corporation Area

Table No.48 Comparison of Industrial Data at City and District Level, 2007

Fig.No.2 Methodology of Plan Development

Fig.No.3 Classification of Hazards

Fig.No.4 Monthly Average Rainfall

Fig.No.5 Population Growth of Municipal Corporation Amritsar

Fig.No.6 Alpha One on GT road towards Jallandhar

Fig.No.7 Upcoming mega project Shubham Enclave

Fig.No.8 Railway Station, Amritsar

Fig.No.9 Canal office Chowk

Fig.No.10 Rambagh Chowk

Fig.No.11 Industry releasing plume without adopting pollution control devices

Fig.No.12 UBDC (1) near Mehta road

Fig.No.13 UBDC (1) at Tarawala Pul

Fig.No.14 Untreated industrial effluents of Shankar Textile Mill drained out into Nallah

Fig.No.15 Untreated industrial effluents of Khanna Paper Mill drain out into Ganda Nallah

Fig.No.16 Groundwater Sample having objectionable colour, odour taste & suspended solids

Fig.No.17 Untreated industrial effluents pumped out near Verka Chowk create unbearable odour

Fig.No.18 Villagers using untreated effluents of the drain for irrigating fields

Fig.No.19 Upstream of Patti Drain near Malhian village (Jandiala) showing excessive algae growth

Fig.No.20 Kasur Nallah flowing near village Manawala shows excessive eutrophication

Fig.No.21 Gandha Nallah carrying untreated sewage, MSW, biomedical waste etc

Fig.No.22 High Traffic Volume and glaring horns by auto rickshaws cause Noise Pollution

Fig.No.23 Poor Housing Condition, Poor Mass Space Relationship, Mesh of Wire and High Intensity of development in walled city Amritsar

Fig.No.24 View of planned housing area on Maqbool Road, Green Avenue and Ranjit Avenue

Fig.No.25 View of new upcoming residential projects along Bye- Pass

Fig.No.26 Housing condition in slum areas of Amritsar

Fig.No.27 Infrastructure situation in slum areas of Amritsar

Fig.No.28 Industries at the Focal Point, Mehta Road

Fig.No.29 Poor road infrastructure, water logging and open dumping of industrial waste in Focal Point, Amritsar

Fig.No.30 View of Blocked Sewer at Mahan Singh Gate

Fig.No.31 Disposal Work, Fatehpur

Fig.No.32 View of Ganda Nallah used for Disposal

Fig.No.33 Water Logging outside Bus Stand

Fig.No.34 Garbage dumping along roadside

Fig.No.35 Dumping of Garbage in open drain passing through Bangla Basti

Fig.No.36 Open Dumping Ground at Fatehpur

Fig.No.37 Wasting in Vacant Plots in litter city

Fig.No.38 Dumping of waste along Bye-pass

Fig.No.39 Industries at the Focal Point, Mehta Road

Fig.No.40 Poor road infrastructure, water logging and open dumping of industrial waste

DISTRICT LOCATION MAP

TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORTATION MAP

LOCATION OF FIRE STATION

DRAINAGE NETWORK
CHAPTER 01

INRODUCTION

Disasters like flood whether natural or man-induced are creating a great loss to all sorts of life- human beings, animals, plants and resources- buildings, and infrastructure and above all cause psychological problems. Floods are increasing with the move to material civilization, urbanization and industrialization. With this new cult, even natural disasters are occurring because of the disturbances in natural equilibrium caused by the greed and lust of human beings to exploit natural resources to get rich quickly. World Bank in India (January 2007) in its Article, “Two years after the tsunami, South Asia Prepares against Future Disasters”, observes that across the world, natural disasters are growing in number and destructiveness, and their human toll is escalating. In the past 20 years alone, more than 4 billion people have been affected by natural catastrophes from floods, cyclones, and tsunami, earthquakes, landslides, and volcanic eruptions.

Human vulnerability to disasters in inversely related to human capacity to withstand the effects of disasters.

Fig. No.1 Disaster Management Cycle

• 
  Identify probable Disaster situations in this district and nodal officers for each such situation have been deputed. The duties of all the members of District Disaster Management Committee have been clearly defined.
  
• 
  Evolve a Standard Operative Procedure of a general nature keeping in view the common requirements of various Disaster situations with special emphasis on control room operation and seeking help from outside the district.
  
• 
  Touch upon in detail the inventory of resources at the disposal of the Administration and the knowledge of experts for handling the situation.
  
• 
  Project a detailed individual Disaster management plan for handling important Disaster/Disaster situations.
  

Our main aim is to reduce vulnerability and also to minimize the destruction caused by all of these types of Disaster, be it natural or manmade. This is not an easy task and in order to achieve this target and also keeping in view the population and the of multiplicity of the hazards and Disaster, which can occur, we are of firm opinion that the government cannot resolve this issue and the people are not prepared to pay the price in terms of massive casualties and economic losses, the task, though difficult but is achievable

4. 
   OBJECTIVES OF PLANNING
   

Every planning has its own aims and objectives. The planning of any activity in the district shall be specific and down to earth. For a better development and sustainability of growth a better planning is required.

1. 
   Institutionalization of disaster management in district administration.
   
2. 
   Encouraging a culture of disaster preparedness in the district.
   
3. 
   Vulnerability reduction and disaster mitigation through better planning process.
   
4. 
   Creation of the best Government mechanism to handle any unprecendent events.
   
5. 
   Instant response and effective decision making in disaster.
   
6. 
   Better coordination of relief and rehabilitation aftermath of a disaster.
   
7. 
   Better coordination of all line departments in disaster management.
   
8. 
   Encouraging and empowering the local community to own disaster management.
   
9. 
   Regular update of resources available in and around the district.
   
10. 
    Mock drill to check the viability and feasibility of implementation methodology.
    

Fig. No. 2 Methodology of Plan Development

2. District Disaster Management Committee is to come into action.

3. A general line of action and some special duties to various officers and departments will have to be assigned.

4. Voluntary Organizations may have to be involved and their role will have to be clearly specified and coordinated.

5. Media may have to be briefed to suppress all kinds of rumors.

6. Information regarding resource inventory of Health Services, Transport Services, Evacuation & Rehabilitation Centers, and Food etc. may be needed.

Procedure" has been formulated which is to be adhered to by all concerned. Once the

Disaster takes place and the authorities are informed of the same, they will take the necessary action with the help of the individual Disaster management plans prepared for the respective Disaster/situations.
The main objectives of various preparedness measures are: -
i) Minimizing the loss of human lives.

ii) Minimizing the loss of livestock.

iii) Minimizing the loss to property and infrastructure.

iv) Minimizing ill effects on the health of affected population.

v) Bringing the human activities in the locality to normal condition soon after.
To achieve the above objectives different tasks have to be performed by different Government Departments and other agencies before, during and after the Disaster. Each
Department's role and responsibilities have to be clearly identified and action plan needs to be drawn up by each department. For close cooperation between the various Department / Agencies, close coordination is required at the District. Headquarter as well as at the Tehsil Headquarter. Deputy Commissioner Amritsar will coordinate the work at the District. Headquarter. SDM’s are to co-ordinate all activities at the Sub
The responsibility to manage all sorts of Disaster in the district rests with the

"District Disaster Management Committee" headed by the Deputy Commissioner-cum-

District Magistrate Amritsar, who may, depend upon the gravity of the situation, seeks the help of "State Disaster Management Committee" and the "National Disaster Management Committee".
For operational expediency, the concerned Sub Divisional Magistrate, Deputy

Superintendent of Police (DSP), Station House Officer and Tehsildar with their subordinate staff will swing into action immediately after receipt of information regarding any Disaster. The SDO/SDM will immediately take over as in charge of the site.

Amritsar the most populous district in the state, is one of the border districts, which share Common boundaries with Pakistan .It is situated in the northwestern part of the state in the Bari Doab, a territory situated between Beas and Ravi rivers. The district is the heart throb of Majha tract, now forming the district of Amritsar and Gurdaspur, ruled by Manjh Rajputs.

The district has experienced jurisdictional changes after the 2005 census. Taran Taran tehsil becomes a district and it is exempted from the district Amritsar. In Amritsar district, with the addition of one newly created tahsils is Amritsar II and the number of tahsils has gone four which is Amritsar I, Amritsar II, Baba Bakala and Ajnala. Likewise the number of towns in the district has increased from 10 to 13, except Budha Theh census town all of them have statutory status. The newly added three towns were; Ajnala, Raja Sansi, and Budha Theh.

District Amritsar is divided into Four Tehsils (Amritsar I, Amritsar II, Ajnala and Baba Bakala), Five Sub-Tehsils (Attari, Lopoke, Majitha, Ramdas and Tarsika), Eight Blocks (Ajnala, Chogawan, Harsha Chinna, Jandiala, Majitha, Rayya, Tarsika and Verka) and Eleven Assembly Constituencies which are as following:

Sr. No	Name	Code
1	Ajnala	11
2	Rajasansi	12
3	Majitha	13
4	Jandiala(SC)	14
5	Amritsar North	15
6	Amritsar West (SC)	16
7	Amritsar Central	17
8	Amritsar East	18
9	Amritsar South	19
10	Attari(SC)	20
11	Baba Bakala	25