TYPES OF UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS 7
Physical piracy 7
Hardware based unauthorized access 7
Unauthorized re-broadcasting of signals 7
Extra territorial TV access (grey market) 7
UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS – A REGIONAL VIEW 8
North America 8
Latin America 8
Asia 9
Europe 9
Africa 10
Middle East 10
ACCESS BARRIERS AND CAUSES OF PIRACY 11
Consumer and industry barriers 11
Content exclusivity and competition 11
Policy and regulatory barriers 12
Non-availability of content 12
Content regulation 12
METHODOLOGY 12
GENERAL OVERVIEW AND DESCRIPTION 13
UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS – THE DIFFERENT TYPES 14
Physical Piracy 14
Commercial Piracy 16
Personal viewing and home copying 17
HARDWARE-BASED UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS 18
Unauthorized Re-broadcast of Signals 21
Extra-territorial TV Access 22
Online Piracy 24
GLOBAL IMPACT OF UNAUTHORIZED SIGNAL ACCESS 30
Rights owners 30
Investment in content production, technology, innovation 31
Jobs 32
Government taxes, revenue 32
Organized crime, social unrest 33
THE IMPACT OF UNAUTHORIZED SIGNAL ACCESS – A REGIONAL VIEW 33
North America 33
Latin America 37
Asia 42
EUROPE (WESTERN AND CEE) 47
Africa 55
Middle East 59
CAUSES OF UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS AND PIRACY 63
Enablers 63
ACCESS BARRIERS – A REGIONAL VIEW 67
North America 67
Latin America 70
Asia 73
Europe (Western and CEE) 76
Africa 79
Middle East 82
SOURCES 84
GLOSSARY 85
Fig. 1: Peer 2 PeerF (P2P) Networks – How BitTorrent Works 25
26
Fig. 2: Centralized Server-based Network 28
Fig. 4: North America Overview 36
Fig. 5: Latin America Overview 40
Fig. 6: Asia Overview 47
Fig. 7: Europe Overview 53
Fig. 8: Africa Overview 58
Fig. 9: Middle East Overview 62
Fig. 10 Basic pay TV subscription cost € 88
Fig. 11 Premium pay TV subscription cost € 89
Fig. 12 Basic pay TV subscription cost as a % of per capita GDP 90
Fig. 13 Premium Pay TV subscription cost as a % of per capita GDP 91
Fig. 14 Average Hardware/Installation costs as a % of per capita GDP 92
Fig. 15 Pay TV Penetration 93
Fig. 16 Worldwide Pay TV Subscribers (YE 2008) 93
Tab. 1 Physical Piracy – Key Points 14
Tab. 2 Hardware-based Unauthorized Access – Key Points 18
Tab. 3 Unauthorized re-broadcast of signals – Key Points 21
Tab. 4 Extra-territorial TV access – Key Points 22
Tab. 5 Online Piracy – Key Points 24
Tab. 6 North America – Summary of Key Issues 33
Tab. 7 Latin America – Summary of Key Issues 37
Tab. 8 Asia – Summary of Key Issues 42
Tab. 9 Europe – Summary of Key Issues 47
Tab. 10 Africa – Summary of Key Issues 55
Tab. 11 Middle East – Summary of Key Issues 59
Tab. 13 Access Barriers – North America Summary 67
Tab. 14 Access Barriers – Latin America Summary 70
Tab. 15 Access Barriers – Asia Summary 73
Tab. 16 Access Barriers – Europe Summary 76
Tab. 17 Access Barriers – Africa Summary 79
Tab. 18 Access Barriers – Middle East Summary 82