E sccr/20/2 Rev Original: English date : May 10, 2010 Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights Twentieth Session Geneva, June 21 to 24, 2010
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- TYPES OF UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS
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OriGINAL: English DATE : May 10, 2010 Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights Twentieth Session Geneva, June 21 to 24, 2010 Study on the Socioeconomic Dimension of the Unauthorized Use of Signals – Part II: Unauthorized Access To Broadcast Content – Cause And Effects: A Global Overview prepared by Screen Digest, London* * The views and opinions expressed in this Study are the sole responsibility of the author. The Study is not intended to reflect the views of the Member States or the Secretariat of WIPO. TABLE OF CONTENTS TYPES OF UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS 7 Physical piracy 7 Hardware based unauthorized access 7 Unauthorized re-broadcasting of signals 7 Extra territorial TV access (grey market) 7 UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS – A REGIONAL VIEW 8 North America 8 Latin America 8 Asia 9 Europe 9
Africa 10 Middle East 10 ACCESS BARRIERS AND CAUSES OF PIRACY 11 Consumer and industry barriers 11 Content exclusivity and competition 11 Policy and regulatory barriers 12 Non-availability of content 12 Content regulation 12 METHODOLOGY 12 GENERAL OVERVIEW AND DESCRIPTION 13 UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS – THE DIFFERENT TYPES 14 Physical Piracy 14 Commercial Piracy 16 Personal viewing and home copying 17 HARDWARE-BASED UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS 18 Unauthorized Re-broadcast of Signals 21 Extra-territorial TV Access 22 Online Piracy 24 GLOBAL IMPACT OF UNAUTHORIZED SIGNAL ACCESS 30 Rights owners 30 Investment in content production, technology, innovation 31 Jobs 32
Government taxes, revenue 32 Organized crime, social unrest 33 THE IMPACT OF UNAUTHORIZED SIGNAL ACCESS – A REGIONAL VIEW 33 North America 33 Latin America 37 Asia 42
EUROPE (WESTERN AND CEE) 47 Africa 55 Middle East 59 CAUSES OF UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS AND PIRACY 63 Enablers 63 ACCESS BARRIERS – A REGIONAL VIEW 67 North America 67 Latin America 70 Asia 73 Europe (Western and CEE) 76 Africa 79 Middle East 82 SOURCES 84 GLOSSARY 85 TABLE OF FIGURES Fig. 1: Peer 2 PeerF (P2P) Networks – How BitTorrent Works 25 26
Fig. 2: Centralized Server-based Network 28 Fig. 4: North America Overview 36 Fig. 5: Latin America Overview 40 Fig. 6: Asia Overview 47 Fig. 7: Europe Overview 53 Fig. 8: Africa Overview 58 Fig. 9: Middle East Overview 62 Fig. 10 Basic pay TV subscription cost € 88 Fig. 11 Premium pay TV subscription cost € 89 Fig. 12 Basic pay TV subscription cost as a % of per capita GDP 90 Fig. 13 Premium Pay TV subscription cost as a % of per capita GDP 91 Fig. 14 Average Hardware/Installation costs as a % of per capita GDP 92 Fig. 15 Pay TV Penetration 93 Fig. 16 Worldwide Pay TV Subscribers (YE 2008) 93 TABLE OF SUMMARIES Tab. 1 Physical Piracy – Key Points 14 Tab. 2 Hardware-based Unauthorized Access – Key Points 18 Tab. 3 Unauthorized re-broadcast of signals – Key Points 21 Tab. 4 Extra-territorial TV access – Key Points 22 Tab. 5 Online Piracy – Key Points 24 Tab. 6 North America – Summary of Key Issues 33 Tab. 7 Latin America – Summary of Key Issues 37 Tab. 8 Asia – Summary of Key Issues 42 Tab. 9 Europe – Summary of Key Issues 47 Tab. 10 Africa – Summary of Key Issues 55 Tab. 11 Middle East – Summary of Key Issues 59 Tab. 13 Access Barriers – North America Summary 67 Tab. 14 Access Barriers – Latin America Summary 70 Tab. 15 Access Barriers – Asia Summary 73 Tab. 16 Access Barriers – Europe Summary 76 Tab. 17 Access Barriers – Africa Summary 79 Tab. 18 Access Barriers – Middle East Summary 82 TYPES OF UNAUTHORIZED ACCESSPhysical piracy1 Physical piracy has grown increasingly sophisticated over the years, having moved from formats such as VHS to DVD, and lately Blu Ray Discs (BD). Commercial physical piracy has increased in the last five to ten years, attributed to the combination of a range of factors, such as the introduction of optical disk formats; increasing penetration of playback hardware; consistent drop in both prices of blank recordable media and packaged original software. Unauthorized personal viewing/home copying is said to account for merely three per cent of total physical piracy in 2007, having remained static from the previous year, although recent estimates from the U.K indicate that losses to the industry from non commercial physical piracy may be higher than previously understood. Hardware based unauthorized access2 Hardware based unauthorized access can be described as access that is facilitated through the use of specific equipment that enables the circumvention of security measures such as set top boxes (STB), conditional access systems (CAS) and smart cards. Similarly to physical piracy, hardware-based access is also carried out on different levels, both commercial and personal. In numerous cases, circumvention of CA systems is carried out by TV enthusiasts who take it up as a challenge. However, there is a second group for whom this is a commercial business. This group circumvents CAS and then market boxes and hacked smart cards to consumers for a fee. The monetary impact of hardware based unauthorized access is ‘impossible to evaluate’, according to AEPOC – the European anti piracy association, but it estimates that approximately €1bn is spent every year in the EU on pirated cards and STBs. Directory: edocs -> mdocs -> copyright copyright -> World intellectual property organization copyright -> E sccr/30/5 original: English date: June 2, 2015 Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights Thirtieth Session Geneva, June 29 to July 3, 2015 mdocs -> Original: english mdocs -> E cdip/9/2 original: english date: March 19, 2012 Committee on Development and Intellectual Property (cdip) Ninth Session Geneva, May 7 to 11, 2012 mdocs -> E wipo-itu/wai/GE/10/inf. 1 Original: English date copyright -> E sccr/30/2 original: english date: april 30, 2015 Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights Thirtieth Session Geneva, June 29 to July 3, 2015 copyright -> Original: English/francais copyright -> E sccr/33/7 original: english date: february 1, 2017 Standing Committee on Copyright and Related Rights Thirty-third Session Geneva, November 14 to 18, 2016 copyright -> E workshop copyright -> World intellectual property organization Download 435.31 Kb. Share with your friends:
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